Name: 為什麼瑞士有這麼多億萬富翁？ (Why is Switzerland home to so many billionaires?)
Uploaded: 2024-02-15T21:01:10.000Z
Duration: 7 min 24 s

Think of Switzerland and you might think of fine cheese, luxury chocolate and snow-capped mountains.

提到瑞士，你可能會想到精美起司、奢華巧克力和白雪皚皚的群山。

情態助動詞 B1

分詞構句

Switzerland has one billionaire for every 80,000 people, making it the third most dense billionaire population in the world.

瑞士每 8 萬人中就有一位億萬富翁，使其成為世界上億萬富翁人口密度第三高的地方。

Only Luxembourg and Hong Kong have a higher proportion of individuals with a net worth of at least ten figures.

只有盧森堡和香港的個人比例較高淨資產至少達到十位數。

Do you feel like you know any billionaires?

I personally know quite many billionaires, yes, and millionaires, yes.

是的，我個人認識不少億萬富翁和百萬富翁。

I do not know any billionaires, no, no, no.

我不認識任何億萬富翁，不認識。

Plenty of millionaires, but no billionaires.

百萬富翁很多，但沒有億萬富翁。

No, I don't! I wish I did, but I really don't.

不，我不認識！我希望我認識，但我真的不認識。

Swiss residents are also among the richest in the world, with a mean net worth of almost $700,000, ahead of the U.S. and Hong Kong.

瑞士居民也是世界上最富有的人之一，平均淨資產近 70 萬美元，領先於美國和香港。

That makes the country stand out on several key wealth metrics.

這使得該國在幾項關鍵的財富指標上脫穎而出。

If you look at the income distribution, it has remained relatively stable over many decades now, it is much less unequal than many other countries.

如果你看一下收入分配，幾十年來它一直保持相對穩定，與許多其他國家相比，不平等程度要小得多。

The average person has it quite good here, but I mean that doesn't mean there aren't poor either. And then the super-rich, of course.

普通人在這裡生活得很好，但我的意思是，這並不意味著沒有窮人。當然還有超級富豪。

I mean, that difference is, of course, huge.

我的意思是，這種差異當然是巨大的。

So, what makes Switzerland such an attractive place for the uber wealthy, and how does that extreme wealth affect the rest of Swiss society?

那麼，是什麼讓瑞士成為吸引超級富豪的地方呢？這種極端財富對瑞士社會的其他部分有什麼影響？

As of 2022, Switzerland was home to an estimated 110 billionaires with a combined wealth of $338 billion.

截至 2022 年，瑞士約有 110 位億萬富翁總財富達 3,380 億美元。

That's well above other super-rich hotspots like Saudi Arabia, Singapore and the United Arab Emirates.

這一數字遠高於其他超級富裕的熱點地區，如沙烏地阿拉伯、新加坡和阿拉伯聯合酋長國。

Among some of the country's wealthiest residents are Chanel co-owner Gerard Wertheimer, the heirs of Ikea creator Ingvar Kamprad, and the founders of homegrown healthcare giant Roche.

該國最富有的居民包括香奈兒的共同所有人傑拉德-韋特海默（Gerard Wertheimer），宜家創始人英格瓦-坎普拉德（Ingvar Kamprad）的繼承人、 以及本土醫療巨頭羅氏的創始人。

Switzerland is considered one of the most politically stable countries, with a strong reputation for political neutrality.

瑞士被認為是政治最穩定的國家之一，以政治中立著稱。

It means wealthy individuals can trust that their assets will be safe from any sudden leadership and policy changes.

這意味著富有的個人可以相信，他們的資產將不會受到任何突然的領導和政策變化的影響。

The country also benefits from an attractive tax system, with low rates for both corporations and individuals, giving Switzerland a competitive advantage versus other locations.

該國也受益於有吸引力的稅收制度，企業和個人的稅率都很低，使瑞士相對於其他國家具有競爭優勢。

The tax aspect is one part of the equation of rich individuals.

The form of income that very rich individuals tend to have is not labor income. Most of their income tends to be capital income or capital gains on the companies they hold.

非常富有的人往往擁有的收入形式不是勞動收入。 他們的大部分收入往往是他們持有的公司的資本收入或資本利得。

And there is no capital gains tax on financial assets for it here in Switzerland, which of course is attractive for these kinds of rich individuals.

而且在瑞士，金融資產不徵收資本利得稅，這對這類富人來說當然很有吸引力。

This means the Swiss aren't getting taxed on the profit they make when selling an asset that's increased in value.

這意味著瑞士人在出售增值資產時所獲得的利潤無需繳稅。

And while there is no capital gains tax, Switzerland is one of the few European countries with a wealth tax, but it is set at a relatively low level of 0.1% to 1.1% of an individual's net wealth.

雖然瑞士不徵收資本利得稅，但它是少數徵收財富稅的歐洲國家之一，但其稅率設定在個人淨財富的0.1%至1.1%之間，相對較低。

That tax is levied by individual cantons, or regions, of which Switzerland has 26.

該稅由各州或地區徵收，瑞士有 26 個州或地區。

Martin Bühler, finance chief for the canton of Grisons, told me this system helps boost competitiveness.

格勞賓登州財務總監馬丁·布勒 (Martin Bühler) 告訴我，這個系統有助於提高競爭力。

The cantons are responsible for everything that's not delegated to the confederation or delegated to the municipalities.

各州負責未委託給聯邦或委託給市政府的所有事務。

We are able to shape our financial policy independently, but we have some law confederation-wide where we have to be in line with.

我們能夠獨立制定我們的財務政策，但我們必須遵守聯邦範圍內的一些法律。

We have the very globalized urban centres like Zurich, like Basel, Geneva, and Grisons is a very big on the surface canton, but in the periphery, it's more rural.

我們有像蘇黎世這樣非常全球化的城市中心，像巴塞爾、日內瓦，格勞賓登州是一個表面上很大的州，但在外圍，它更鄉村化。

It means we need other goodies to find the people to attract people to live here.

這意味著我們需要其他東西來找到人來吸引人們住在這裡。

The way we do it, we have, for example, by the wealth tax. So we have this competition between the cantons on one hand.

例如，我們採取的方式是徵收財富稅。 因此，我們一方面存在著各州之間的競爭。

But we also are all interested that this is not exaggerating.

但我們也很感興趣，這並不是誇大其詞。

Switzerland also benefits from a strong Swiss franc, which lowers the cost of foreign goods and services while raising the price of Swiss exports.

瑞士也受益於瑞郎堅挺，這降低了外國商品和服務的成本，同時提高了瑞士出口的價格。

The country's currency has Steadily strengthened over recent decades, reaching parity with the euro.

近幾十年來，該國貨幣穩步升值，與歐元持平。

Meanwhile, it has held steady against a strong dollar.

與此同時，它對強勢美元的匯率保持穩定。

You don't have to be afraid of a major depreciation of the currency here, which is kind of related also, of course, to the political stability, to the strong legal and institutional setting here.

在這裡，您不必擔心貨幣大幅貶值，當然，這也與政治穩定有關，因為這裡有強有力的法律和制度環境。

The country is also considered a leading business destination, with world-class financial services, pharmaceuticals and chemical sectors.

該國也被認為是領先的商業目的地，擁有世界一流的金融服務、製藥和化學產業。

It's also home to major business institutions such as the World Economic Forum, which famously gathers global business leaders to its annual event here in Davos.

它也是世界經濟論壇等主要商業機構的所在地，該論壇以聚集全球商界領袖參加達沃斯的年度活動而聞名。

Switzerland's banking sector developed a reputation over the twentieth century as a place of privacy and anonymity, making it a particularly attractive location for wealthy individuals to store their cash and potentially avoid taxes.

瑞士的銀行業在二十世紀享有隱私和匿名的聲譽，這使其成為富人儲存現金並可能避稅的特別有吸引力的地方。

That system came under scrutiny following the Global Financial Crisis and the failure of several major Swiss banks, forcing the industry to clean up its act and require greater transparency from clients.

在全球金融危機和瑞士幾家主要銀行倒閉後，該系統受到嚴格審查，迫使該行業整頓其行為並要求客戶提供更大的透明度。

But still, it has retained its status as a hub for wealth management.

但它仍然保持著財富管理中心的地位。

Historically, that has been part of what the Swiss banks have been doing essentially, helping rich individuals evade their taxes in other countries.

從歷史上看，這一直是瑞士銀行一直在做的事情的一部分，幫助富人在其他國家逃稅。

They've moved away from that business model and try to keep moving away from it because the international regulations have become stricter.

他們已經放棄了這種商業模式，並試圖繼續放棄這種模式，因為國際法規變得更加嚴格。

The shift comes as governments face increasing pressure to rein in the so-called billionaire class as many continue to struggle with the cost-of-living crisis.

這一轉變發生之際，政府面臨越來越大的壓力，要求控制所謂的億萬富翁階層，因為許多人仍在與生活成本危機作鬥爭。

A 2024 Oxfam report found that the combined fortunes of the world's five richest men have more than doubled to $869 billion since 2020, while five billion people have been made poorer.

樂施會 2024 年的一份報告發現，自 2020 年以來，世界上最富有的五位富翁的財富總和增加了一倍多，達到 8,690 億美元，而 50 億人卻變得更加貧窮。

So what does Switzerland's ultra-rich population mean for the rest of the county and social cohesion overall?

那麼，瑞士的超級富豪群體對該國其他地區以及整體社會凝聚力意味著什麼？

To focus only on rich people would not fit anymore.

So we have to rethink. We have to get attractive for all parts for young people, for, I say, low qualified personnel.

所以我們需要重新思考。我們必須讓年輕人，我說的是低資歷人員，對我們感到吸引。

It's not that easy anymore to say we can focus on this and the rest is okay.

說我們可以集中精力做這件事，其他的都沒問題，已經不那麼容易了。

It's a problem that there are so big differences, but we're lucky that we are living in Switzerland.

差異如此之大是個問題，但我們很幸運我們住在瑞士。

It's definitely true that Switzerland does have a bigger gap between the richer ones and, not poor, because we're not, but the less wealthy ones you could say.

確實，瑞士在富裕人群和相對較不富裕（不用說窮，因為我們不是）人群之間存在較大差距。

Despite the extremes, however, Switzerland continues to rank highly on liveability and social harmony indices.

儘管存在這些極端情況，瑞士仍然在以下方面名列前茅宜居指數和社會和諧指數。

That is seen as being down to the country's social policies and labor laws, which ensure decent living standards for the less well-off too.

這被認為是該國的社會政策和勞動法造成的，確保不那麼富裕的人也能過上體面的生活。

You see that the workings of the labor market, the education system that makes sure that even people further down the distribution actually make good incomes, has worked for a long time very well.

你看到勞動市場的運作，以及確保分配較低的人實際上也能取得良好收入的教育體系，長時間以來一直運作得非常好。

If you think about the system in which there is a social structure so that people who don't earn that much can still live quite well, that is probably a key element to the society.

如果你考慮一個社會體制，以至於那些收入不高的人仍然能夠過得相當好，這可能是社會的一個關鍵元素。

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為什麼瑞士有這麼多億萬富翁？ (Why is Switzerland home to so many billionaires?)

individual

decent

exaggerate

crisis