Name: 【TEDx】TEDxOverlake--Sara Goering博士--兒童哲學：激發對學習的熱愛。 (【TEDx】TEDxOverlake - Dr. Sara Goering - Philosophy for Kids: Sparking a Love of Learning)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T04:55:29.000Z
Duration: 10 min 43 s

Hello. When I tell people that I'm a philosopher in casual conversation,

哈囉，當我在日常生活中跟大家聊到我是哲學家時

情態副詞

A look that I think is a bit of a mixture between awe and fear.

我想他們的眼神介於驚訝和害怕之間

As in, "Wow! really cool stuff, deep questions," and also,

像是在說「哇！好酷，好深奧！」但同時也表達

"Oh my God, please don't make me defend everything I think I know!"

「噢，天啊，拜託別逼我為任何我自以為知道的事情辯護！」

So philosophy is really something that –

When I say I teach philosophy to kids as well as adults,

當我說我教兒童哲學，就像教大人一樣

those same people look at me like I might be crazy.

那些人看我的表情，就像是我瘋了

Philosophy is understood to be a deep, abstract, rigorous,

哲學被當作深奧、抽象、嚴謹的

People don't think children are capable of doing it.

When they look at me like I'm crazy, I think, "You're wrong.

當他們把我當瘋子看的時候，我想：你錯了

Kids are actually very natural philosophers.

They ask these kinds of questions on their own."

And it's our job to help give them uptake on those questions.

而我們的工作，就是幫助他們理解這些提問

Philosophers are wondering all the time from the Ancient Greeks through today,

哲學家從古希臘到現在，不停地思考

all about the nature of the universe and our place in it.

世界的本質，和我們身在其中的定位

Philosophers want to know, for instance, if we are really free.

舉例來說，哲學家想知道：我們真的自由嗎？

And what it would mean for us to say that we're free?

那我們說「我們是自由的」又代表什麼意思？

And could we both be determined and free?

我們能不能同時被規範，而又自由呢?

Most people think that's absolutely insane, impossible.

大部分的人覺得這個想法愚蠢至極，完全不可能

But a lot of philosophers believe that's the only way we can be free:

但很多哲學家卻相信，這是我們擁有自由的唯一方式：

Or, we'll ask questions about the nature of right and wrong.

又或者，我們對是非的本質抱持著疑問

We don't just want to know the answers: "What's right?" and "What's wrong?",

我們不只想知道這些問題的答案：「什麼是對的?」、「什麼是錯的?」

"What should I do?", "What should I not do?",

「我該做什麼？」、「什麼不該做？」

but the reasons behind that, and whether we are really

我們想知道的背後的原因，以及我們

justified in thinking that certain things are right and wrong.

思考事情的對錯時，立場是否合理公正

or "If the Sun's going to burn out in five billion years,

我們也想問：假如太陽在50億年內就會燃燒殆盡，

How do we make meaning in our lives knowing that we're all going to die?

知道我們都會死，那我們要如何讓生活有意義?

These are the kinds of philosophical questions.

Even, "Can you know right now that you're not dreaming?"

甚至這樣的疑問：你確定你現在並不是在做夢嗎?

We'll get you to worry about that question. (Laughter)

我們會讓你開始擔心這個問題 (笑聲)

You won't be sure right after an introduction to philosophy.

你聽完哲學導論之後，也不會找到明確的答案

So these are the kinds of questions that philosophers ask

like I said, I think kids ask them very naturally.

我說過，我認為孩子們能自然地提出這些問題

Adults have a much harder time asking them.

我認為部分原因，是因為哲學家們

examine the most fundamental assumptions that we have

about our place in the universe and who we are.

像是，我們在世界上的定位、我們是誰

when we've put them in our background as adults.

當我們變成大人，已經視之為理所當然的原則

"Adults have to unlearn those assumptions."

「大人必須忘掉那些基本原則」

Learn to sort of be aware of what they are and then examine them really carefully,

學著去意識到它們的存在，並仔細地驗證

and how the world works and what their place is in it.

世界如何運行？自己身在何處？

They haven't yet made those assumptions and so they're very eager and open

他們還沒形成任何定見，所以他們求知若渴、並抱持著開放的態度

So children raise these philosophical questions.

因此孩子們會提出哲學性的問題

When I've gone into classes, and I've worked with third grade

我去教書的時候，教的是小學三年級

A particular course I went to, fifth grade.

I did a little intro on what philosophy is,

because most people unfortunately have never heard of it

因為很可惜的，大多數人一直都不認識哲學

until they get to collage if they stumbled upon a class.

直到上了大學偶然選到哲學課以後才接觸到

And I asked the fifth graders, after saying something about what a philosophy question is,

就在告訴五年級學生什麼是「哲學問題」之後，我要他們

"Just take a minute and reflect, and write down philosophical questions that you ask yourself,

花點時間想想，然後把他們曾經問過自己的哲學問題寫下來

late at night when things are calm and quiet,

在深夜裡，一切事物悄然無聲的時候

or on a car trip when your damn DVD player breaks down, right,

或者正在搭巴士，而該死的DVD播放器正好壞了

and you have to actually think for a little bit,

what are the questions that you ask yourself?"

So this particular fifth grade class, some of the questions they asked were:

在五年級的哲學課上，他們提了一些像這樣的問題：

What are numbers? Where do they come from?

「數字是什麼？從哪裡來的？」

And how is it possible that they go on forever?

Or they ask, "Why do people hate each other?

他們也問：「為什麼人類互相討厭？」

And others ones of them ask, in a public school,

還有另一些公立學校的孩子這樣問：

"If there is a God, who created God?" (Laughter)

「如果有神的話，是誰創造祂的？」

Right? These are great philosophical questions.

Questions that deserve a little uptake from the adult world, right?

這些問題值得成人世界的更多重視，對吧?

We need to engage kids on the questions that they have.

我們必須讓孩子們去思考他們提出來的問題

They're trying to understand their world. And make meaning in it.

他們試著理解世界，並賦予意義

And I think, unfortunately, that in our current system,

但我認為可惜的是，在我們的現行體制裡

So they don't really get uptake in the educational system,

那些問題沒被現行教育體制所重視

in part because teachers aren't really trained to deal with those kinds of questions.

有部分是因為老師們沒有受過訓練，來回答這一類問題

The answers are ambiguous: there are better and worse answers,

這些問題的答案不明確，有好壞兩面

沒有一個真正清楚的、正確的解答

You can't teach that for the test very easily.

We're increasingly getting funneled in that direction in education.

但我們有越來越多人湧向「為考試而教學」的教育方針

But even at home, I think, often they don't get uptake.

即使在家裡，我認為那些提問也通常不受重視

Because parents, many of us, haven't fully thought these questions through

因為家長們，我們之中有很多人，還沒完全地想清楚這些問題

and informed our own answers, or figured out whether or not

並且給出一個答案，或者還沒搞清楚

we're justified in what we tend to think might be right about those questions.

我們對那些問題的想法是否公正

We're a little embarrassed by that when our kids call us on it.

所以當孩子們求助我們，我們就尷尬了

And so we fumble, right, and maybe we put it off a little bit

我們措手不及，是吧，也許拖延一下

我們沒有真的去面對孩子們的提問

And the result is that kids think these are questions that don't matter.

結果讓孩子們以為那些問題不重要

They matter for our understanding of ourselves and our place in the world.

對於了解我們自己、我們在世界上的定位來說很重要

so in a word that i'm doing, we're trying to get philosophy into schools

總而言之，我們試著要把哲學帶進學校

as a way to excite kids about their learning

字幕列表影片播放

【TEDx】TEDxOverlake--Sara Goering博士--兒童哲學：激發對學習的熱愛。 (【TEDx】TEDxOverlake - Dr. Sara Goering - Philosophy for Kids: Sparking a Love of Learning)

boat

wrong

people

world