obstructive
US /əb'strʌktɪv/
・UK /əb'strʌktɪv/
B2 中高級
adj.形容詞妨礙的；阻礙的
We can't go through because that obstructive cupboard is in the way
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雖然負面作用一大堆，但是吸菸...感覺真棒?! (Smoking is Awesome)
- Almost all smokers eventually get Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, so many of your alveoli are irreversibly destroyed that you are always short of breath, never able to breathe freely.
幾乎所有吸菸者最終都會患上慢性阻塞性肺病，你的許多肺泡被不可逆轉地破壞，以至於你總是呼吸急促，永遠無法自由呼吸。
- Almost all smokers eventually get chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
這就是為什麼吸煙者很容易患癌症。
抽電子煙比抽菸更傷身嗎？ (Is Vaping Worse Than Smoking?)
- Mice chronically exposed to vape aerosols developed lung changes consistent to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease aka COPD, the disease that kills 100,000 Americans a year from smoking.
長期接觸電子煙氣霧劑的小鼠會出現與慢性阻塞性肺病（又稱慢性阻塞性肺病）一致的肺部變化，這種疾病每年導致 10 萬美國人因吸煙而死亡。
- Mice chronically exposed to vape aerosols developed lung changes consistent to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a.k.a.
科學家們將繼續研究吸食電子煙如何影響人們的肺部，尤其是年輕人的肺部。
12分鐘秒懂所有醫療專科！ (Every Medical Specialty Explained in 12 Minutes)
- Pulmonary medicine focuses on the respiratory system and diseases of the airway, lungs and chest wall, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer.
肺臟內科專注於呼吸系統，以及氣道、肺部和胸壁的疾病，例如氣喘、慢性阻塞性肺病和肺癌。
- chest wall, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer.
內分泌學專注於代謝和內分泌系統的疾病，這個系統包含胰臟、甲狀腺、腎上腺、荷爾蒙等等。
想成為睡眠醫學醫師？[第50集] (So You Want to Be a SLEEP MEDICINE DOCTOR [Ep. 50])
![想成為睡眠醫學醫師？[第50集] (So You Want to Be a SLEEP MEDICINE DOCTOR [Ep. 50])](https://img.youtube.com/vi/BmA3AG4Xex0/hqdefault.jpg)
- Adult sleep medicine focuses on sleep disorders that commonly affect adults such as obstructive sleep apnea or osa, insomnia and restless leg syndrome or rls.
成人睡眠醫學主要關注影響成人的常見睡眠障礙，例如阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症 (OSA)、失眠和不寧腿症候群 (RLS)。
- Adult sleep medicine focuses on sleep disorders that commonly affect adults, such as obstructive sleep apnea or OSA, insomnia, and
其次，睡眠醫學的主要焦點也會有所不同。
5 個你可能忽略的冷門醫師職涯 🔎 (5 Underrated Doctor Careers You’re Overlooking 🔎)
- Lastly, we have sleep medicine which focuses on diseases that affect our sleep quality like obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia, restless leg syndrome, narcolepsy and more.
最後，我們有睡眠醫學，它專注於影響睡眠品質的疾病，例如阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症、失眠、不寧腿症候群、嗜睡症等。
- Lastly, we have sleep medicine, which focuses on diseases that affect our sleep quality, like obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia, restless leg syndrome, narcolepsy, and
其他可能通往睡眠醫學的住院醫師選項包括兒科、神經科、精神科、家庭醫學、耳鼻喉科或麻醉科，
戒掉類固醇會有什麼後果？ (What Happens When You Quit Steroids?)
- Even people with obstructive sleep apnea which affects their quality of sleep have been shown to have lower testosterone levels.
即使是患有影響睡眠品質的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停的人，其睪酮水準也較低。
- Even people with obstructive sleep apnea, which affects their quality of sleep, have been shown to have lower testosterone levels.
戒菸一週後，你會感到肌肉痠痛和關節疼痛，因為睪酮通常會促進免疫細胞釋放抗炎細胞因子。
史上最慘核災難！ (Worst Nuclear Accidents in History)
- According to the WHO it accounts for 29% of all cases of lung cancer, 17% of deaths from acute lower respiratory infection, 24% from stroke, 25% from ischaemic heart disease and 43% from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
與化石燃料相關的空氣汙染是全球與環境相關死亡的首要原因。
- 43% from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
慢性阻塞性肺病的43%。
你身體發出的8個求救警訊！腎臟正在崩潰邊緣？😱 (8 STRANGE Signs Your Kidneys Are Crying for Help)
- This can cause you to snore badly and, in some cases, it can even be obstructive.
睡眠呼吸暫停是一種睡眠障礙，會導致您在睡眠過程中呼吸時斷時續。
- This can cause you to snore badly, and in some cases, it can even be obstructive.
這會導致您嚴重打鼾，在某些情況下甚至會造成阻塞。
睡眠充足嗎？ - BBC世界服務臺的全球故事Podcast (Do we get enough sleep? - The Global Story podcast, BBC World Service)
- I think talked about this fairly recently, that if your partner snores, for example, or you find difficulty sleeping in the same space as your partner, obviously you would have checked that they haven't got obstructive sleep apnoea.
我覺得最近有討論到，如果你的伴侶打鼾，或者你發現很難和伴侶在同一個空間裡睡覺，當然你會先確認他們有沒有睡眠呼吸中止症。
- And I sort of talked about this fairly recently, uh, that if your partner snores, for example, or you find difficulty sleeping in the same, um, space as your partner, um, obviously you would have checked that they haven't got obstructive sleep apnoea.
所以這就是我推薦給我的客戶、病患，甚至也有一套給學童的版本，還有
8大內科次專科一次搞懂！ (8 Internal Medicine Subspecialties Explained)
- Pulmonary medicine focuses on diseases of the airway, lungs and chest wall, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or copd.
胸腔內科主要處理呼吸道、肺部和胸壁的疾病，像是氣喘和慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）。
- chest wall, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD.
這是因為這兩種研究員訓練都涉及很多數學和物理。