obstructive
US /əb'strʌktɪv/
・UK /əb'strʌktɪv/
B2 中高級
adj.形容詞妨礙的；阻礙的
We can't go through because that obstructive cupboard is in the way
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雖然負面作用一大堆，但是吸菸...感覺真棒?! (Smoking is Awesome)
- Almost all smokers eventually get Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, so many of your alveoli are irreversibly destroyed that you are always short of breath, never able to breathe freely.
幾乎所有吸菸者最終都會患上慢性阻塞性肺病，你的許多肺泡被不可逆轉地破壞，以至於你總是呼吸急促，永遠無法自由呼吸。
- Almost all smokers eventually get chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
這就是為什麼吸煙者很容易患癌症。
12分鐘秒懂所有醫療專科！ (Every Medical Specialty Explained in 12 Minutes)
- Pulmonary medicine focuses on the respiratory system and diseases of the airway, lungs and chest wall, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer.
肺臟內科專注於呼吸系統，以及氣道、肺部和胸壁的疾病，例如氣喘、慢性阻塞性肺病和肺癌。
- chest wall, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer.
內分泌學專注於代謝和內分泌系統的疾病，這個系統包含胰臟、甲狀腺、腎上腺、荷爾蒙等等。
史上最慘核災難！ (Worst Nuclear Accidents in History)
- According to the WHO it accounts for 29% of all cases of lung cancer, 17% of deaths from acute lower respiratory infection, 24% from stroke, 25% from ischaemic heart disease and 43% from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
與化石燃料相關的空氣汙染是全球與環境相關死亡的首要原因。
- 43% from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
慢性阻塞性肺病的43%。
你身體發出的8個求救警訊！腎臟正在崩潰邊緣？😱 (8 STRANGE Signs Your Kidneys Are Crying for Help)
- This can cause you to snore badly and, in some cases, it can even be obstructive.
睡眠呼吸暫停是一種睡眠障礙，會導致您在睡眠過程中呼吸時斷時續。
- This can cause you to snore badly, and in some cases, it can even be obstructive.
這會導致您嚴重打鼾，在某些情況下甚至會造成阻塞。
8大內科次專科一次搞懂！ (8 Internal Medicine Subspecialties Explained)
- Pulmonary medicine focuses on diseases of the airway, lungs and chest wall, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or copd.
胸腔內科主要處理呼吸道、肺部和胸壁的疾病，像是氣喘和慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）。
- chest wall, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD.
這是因為這兩種研究員訓練都涉及很多數學和物理。
你想成為... 什麼？胸腔內科醫師！【EP. 53】 (So You Want to Be… PULMONOLOGIST [Ep. 53])
![你想成為... 什麼？胸腔內科醫師！【EP. 53】 (So You Want to Be… PULMONOLOGIST [Ep. 53])](https://img.youtube.com/vi/o3xepc0fWlA/hqdefault.jpg)
- Pulmonology is a specialty focused on the respiratory system and diseases of the airway, lungs and chest wall such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, pneumonia and lung cancers.
肺醫學是一門專注於呼吸系統和呼吸道、肺部及胸壁疾病的專科，例如氣喘、慢性阻塞性肺病、間質性肺病、肺炎和肺癌。
- chest wall, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, pneumonia, and lung cancers.
肺科醫師也會照護需要機械式通氣和其他維生系統的病患。
別惹怒亞洲人的方法！惹到他們你就完蛋了！ (HOW TO NOT PISS OFF ASIAN PEOPLE)
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
慢性阻塞性肺病；
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
別想在我們亞洲人中獨佔鰲頭。
5 個你可能忽略的冷門醫師職涯 🔎 (5 Underrated Doctor Careers You’re Overlooking 🔎)
- Lastly, we have sleep medicine which focuses on diseases that affect our sleep quality like obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia, restless leg syndrome, narcolepsy and more.
最後，我們有睡眠醫學，它專注於影響睡眠品質的疾病，例如阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症、失眠、不寧腿症候群、嗜睡症等。
- Lastly, we have sleep medicine, which focuses on diseases that affect our sleep quality, like obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia, restless leg syndrome, narcolepsy, and
其他可能通往睡眠醫學的住院醫師選項包括兒科、神經科、精神科、家庭醫學、耳鼻喉科或麻醉科，
戒掉類固醇會有什麼後果？ (What Happens When You Quit Steroids?)
- Even people with obstructive sleep apnea which affects their quality of sleep have been shown to have lower testosterone levels.
即使是患有影響睡眠品質的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停的人，其睪酮水準也較低。
- Even people with obstructive sleep apnea, which affects their quality of sleep, have been shown to have lower testosterone levels.
戒菸一週後，你會感到肌肉痠痛和關節疼痛，因為睪酮通常會促進免疫細胞釋放抗炎細胞因子。