每日口說挑戰【CNN10】軍事政變 | 2021年10月26日 (An Apparent Military Coup | October 26, 2021)

[TRANSCRIPT]

Welcome to the CNN10 news report. I'm Leila.

::Instability Continues in Sudan After Military Declares State of Emergency::

One of the largest countries in Africa, the Republic of the Sudan has been the picture of unrest and instability. When demonstrators themselves speak about the current situation, they hold "worry in our hearts". The military recently took over the government in a coup d’etat, but this is not a new phenomenon for the Northeast African country.

Former president Omar al-Bashir was a military leader when he seized power back in 1989. Since then, he has been accused of crimes against humanity and genocide in Sudan’s western Darfur region. In 2019, there were massive protests by citizens and the military forced President al-Bashir out of office in yet another coup. After that, power was shared between military and civilians in a transitional government, but the situation remained very tense in the country.

Just this past September, a group that was loyal to former President al-Bashir tried to regain power but failed. The following month in October, thousands of civilians demonstrated their preferences—some gathered in front of the presidential palace and demanded the military retake control, and others gathered in the streets to show their support for their civilian leaders.

Right now, Sudan’s military has stopped sharing power with civilian leaders and has declared a state of emergency, which means that flights out of Khartoum International Airport have been suspended and internet connections are down.

Sudan’s civilian prime minister was arrested and has called for the people to engage in nonviolent demonstrations. Around the world, several other countries are speaking out against the military coup as well. The head of Sudan’s armed forces has said that a "independent and fair representative government would take control until a new one is elected in 2023".

::Potato Protectors Preserve Plethora of Peruvian Potatoes ::

If asked to name some different kinds of potatoes, most of us probably couldn’t name more than a handful—just the ones that show up in our local supermarkets. But in reality, there are roughly 4,000 varieties of native potato in the world. Most of them are grown in the Andes mountains of South America.

In Peru, hundreds of potato farmers are responsible for preserving the genetic diversity of the humble potato.

Senior Scientist Stef de Haan, from the International Potato Center in Lima, works with hundreds of custodians who serve as guardians of traditional knowledge and of potato diversity.

Esperanza Gabriel is one such potato custodian who lives at the foothills of the central Andes. She has over 300 ancestral potato varieties in her personal collection, including the Suma Suco variety with pink flesh.

Amongst these potato custodians, seeds and knowledge are passed down in the family from parent to child. Preserving the genetic diversity of these potatoes is important for the future of this food source. Depending on the few varieties that show up in supermarkets puts all of us in a vulnerable situation.

However, the work to preserve potato diversity is also risky. Andean farmers face pressures like all farmers, from blights and potato disease to inclement weather like hail and frost. Still, Peruvian farmers are motivated by their own family needs to continue growing, eating, selling, storing, and protecting potatoes for future generations to come.


And now, our Sentence of the Day:
If we don't preserve the whole genetic base of these potatoes, it would basically mean that we have no options in the future to diversify our food system.

Let’s look at some vocabulary from the sentence:

preserve
KK[prɪˋzɝv] IPA /prɪˈzɝːv/
to keep something as it is, especially in order to prevent it from decaying or being damaged or destroyed
i.e. All new buildings must be approved in order to preserve the original architectural style of the town.
建設新建築都必須得到批准，以保持城鎮原有的建築風格。

basically
KK [ˋbesɪk!ɪ] IPA /ˈbeɪ.sɪ.kəl.i/
used when referring to the main or most important characteristic or feature of something
i.e. Basically, the service is like a monthly subscription in which you receive a box of various fish that the fishermen caught that month.
基本上，該服務就像按月訂閱一樣，你會收到一箱漁夫當月捕獲的各種魚類。

diversify
KK[daɪˋvɝsə͵faɪ] IPA /dɪˈvɝː.sə.faɪ/
to start to include more different types or things
i.e. Nora is taking a few different job skills courses, like graphic design and basic accounting, to diversify her streams of income.
Nora 正在學習一些不同的工作技能課程，例如平面設計和基礎會計，讓她自己的收入來源更多樣化。


Today's CNN10 video left me with some gray-area questions.

After decades of global industrial farming, monocropping, and selecting for transport-stable fruits and vegetables, what other crops are now at risk due to a human-induced lack of genetic diversity?

The vulnerability we face by relying on only a few types of potato could turn into food insecurity. And yet humankind has shown throughout history that individuals and societies can persevere despite unbelievable hardship.

Ask any Sudanese and they could surely tell you a thing or two about what it is to live amidst instability in general. Despite, or perhaps because of, Sudan's instability, what lies ahead for the people of Sudan?

These are the questions that come to my mind as I consider the gray area.
I’m Leila, and that’s the news for now.

If we don't preserve the whole genetic base of these potatoes, it would basically mean that we have no options in the future to diversify our food system.

☺If we don't preserve the whole genetic base of these potatoes, it would basically mean that we have no options in the future to diversify our food system.
如果我們不保護這些馬鈴薯的整個遺傳基礎，這基本上意味著我們在未來就沒有辦法選擇讓我們的食物系統變得多元化。
【心得】我唯一認識的馬鈴薯品種就是"couch potato":p
■preserve [prɪˋzɝv ] (vt.)保存、保藏；防腐[(+from)]；保護；維護；維持；醃(肉等)；把…做成蜜餞(或果醬)；把…製成罐頭食品[(+in)] ；禁獵、把…劃為禁獵區
(n.C or U)蜜餞；果醬
(n.C)(動植物)保護區、禁獵區=reserve；包攬的事物
(n.S)(某人或群體的)專門活動
(n.P)防護用品；護目鏡
■basically [ˋbesɪk!ɪ] (adv.) 基本上
■diversify [daɪˋvɝsə͵faɪ] (vi.&vt.) 使多樣化、多元化；(使)多元化經營、(使)從事多種經營
(vt.) 把(資金)分投在幾家公司內；增加產品種類以擴大(業務)；增加(產品的品種)

#馬鈴薯是歐美地區許多國家的主食，台灣人吃最多的應該是potato chips ( ´▽` )ﾉ
If we don't preserve(/prɪˈzɝːv/保存v.) the whole genetic(/dʒəˈnet̬.ɪk/遺傳訊息的,基因的) base(基本成分) of these potatoes, it would basically mean that we have no options in the future to diversify(/daɪˈvɜː.sɪ.faɪ/使多樣化v.) our food system.
如果我們不將這些馬鈴薯的整個基因的基本成分保存下來，這基本上意味著，我們將來沒有使食品系統多樣化的選項。

【Instability(不穩定n.) Continues in Sudan(蘇丹) After Military Declares(宣稱v.) State of Emergency(緊急狀態)】One of the largest countries in Africa, the Republic of the Sudan(蘇丹共和國) has been the picture(局面) of unrest(動亂n.) and instability. When demonstrators(示威者) themselves speak about the current(現在的) situation, they hold "worry(擔憂n.) in our hearts". The military recently *took over(接管) the government in a *coup d’etat(/ˌkuˌdeɪˈtɑ/軍事政變n.), but this is not a new phenomenon(現象) for the Northeast African country. Former(前任的) president Omar al-Bashir was a military leader when he seized(抓住v.) power(權力) back in 1989. Since then, he has been accused(被指控) of crimes against humanity(人性) and genocide(種族滅絕n.) in Sudan’s western Darfur region. In 2019, there were massive protests(抗議n.) by citizens(公民) and the military forced President al-Bashir out of office in yet(再adv.) another coup. After that, power was shared between military and civilians(平民) in a transitional(/trænˈzɪʃ.ən.əl/過渡的) government, but the situation remained(仍是v.) very tense(緊張的) in the country. Just this past September, a group that was loyal(忠誠的) to former President al-Bashir tried to regain(重拾v.) power but failed. The following month in October, thousands of civilians demonstrated(示威v.) their preferences(偏愛的人事物n.)—some gathered in front of the *presidential palace(總統府) and demanded(要求v.) the military retake control, and others gathered(聚集v.) in the streets to show their support for their civilian leaders. Right now, Sudan’s military has stopped sharing power with civilian leaders and has declared a state of emergency, which means that flights out of Khartoum International Airport have been suspended(被暫停) and internet connections are down. Sudan’s civilian *prime minister(首相) was arrested(被逮捕) and has called for the people to engage(從事v.) in nonviolent (非暴力的) demonstrations. Around the world, several other countries are speaking out against the military coup as well. The head(首領) of Sudan’s *armed forces(武裝部隊) has said that a "independent(獨立的) and fair(公正的) representative(代表n.) government would take control until a new one is elected(被選舉) in 2023".

【Potato Protectors Preserve Plethora(/ˈpleθ.ɚ.ə/過剩的) of Peruvian(/pəˈruː.vi.ən/秘魯的) Potatoes】If asked to name(說出…的名字v.) some different kinds of potatoes, most of us probably couldn’t name more than a handful(一把n.) —just the ones that show up in our local supermarkets. But in reality, there are roughly(大約) 4,000 varieties(品種) of native(原產的) potato in the world. Most of them are grown in the Andes( 安地斯山脈) mountains of South America. In Peru(/pəˈruː/秘魯), hundreds of potato farmers are responsible for preserving the genetic diversity(多樣化n.) of the humble(不起眼的) potato. Senior Scientist Stef de Haan, from the International Potato Center in Lima(利馬,秘魯首都), works with hundreds of custodians(/kʌsˈtoʊ.di.ən/監護人,保管人) who serve as guardians(防衛者) of traditional knowledge and of potato diversity. Esperanza Gabriel is one such potato custodian who lives at the foothills(山腳) of the central Andes. She has over 300 ancestral(/ænˈses.trəl/祖傳的) potato varieties in her personal collection(收集n.), including the Suma Suco variety(品種) with pink flesh(肉n.). Amongst(在...之中) these potato custodians, seeds and knowledge are *passed down(傳承) in the family from parent to child. Preserving the genetic diversity of these potatoes is important for the future of this food source. Depending on the few varieties that show up in supermarkets puts all of us in a vulnerable(脆弱的) situation. However, the work to preserve potato diversity is also risky(危險的). Andean(/ ˋændiən/南美安迪斯山脈住民的) farmers face pressures like all farmers, from blights(枯萎病) and potato disease to inclement(/ɪnˈklem.ənt/天氣惡劣的) weather like hail(冰雹) and frost(冰霜). Still, Peruvian farmers are motivated by their own family needs to continue growing, eating, selling, storing, and protecting potatoes for future generations(世代) to come.

1. preserve /prɪˈzɝːv/ (v.) 保護，維護；保存；保養 to keep something as it is, especially in order to prevent it from decaying or being damaged or destroyed:
All new buildings must be approved(准許) in order to preserve the original architectural(/ˌɑːr.kəˈtek.tʃɚ.əl/建築的) style of the town. 建設新建築都必須得到批准，以保持城鎮原有的建築風格。

2. basically /ˈbeɪ.sɪ.kəl.i/ (adv.) 根本上 used when referring to the main or most important characteristic(特性) or feature(特徵) of something
Basically, the service is like a monthly subscription(/səbˈskrɪp.ʃən/預訂n.) in which you receive a box of various(/ˈver.i.əs/各種不同的) fish that the fishermen caught that month. 基本上，該服務就像按月訂閱一樣，你會收到一箱漁夫當月捕獲的各種魚類。

3. diversify /dɪˈvɝː.sə.faɪ/ (v.) 多樣化；差異化 to start to include more different types or things:
Nora is taking a few different job skills courses(課程), like graphic(圖表的) design and basic accounting(會計n.), to diversify her streams(現金流) of income. Nora 正在學習一些不同的工作技能課程，例如平面設計和基礎會計，讓她自己的收入來源更多樣化。

啊 真想當couch potato…

If we don't preserve the whole genetic base of these potatoes, it would basically mean that we have no options in the future to diversify our food system.
如果我們不保護這些馬鈴薯的整個遺傳基礎，這基本上意味著我們在未來沒有選擇，無法使我們的食品系統多樣化。