I'm Neil.

我是 Neil。

And I'm Sam.

我是 Sam。

Sam, have you considered the future of food much?

Sam，你有想過未來的食物嗎？

Well, I think in the future I might have a sandwich—in about 30 minutes in the future.

我等等要吃三明治，大概 30 分鐘後。

Ehhh...not quite what I meant!

這不是我的意思！

With the population of the world increasing along with the negative effects of climate change and other global issues, we might have to radically change our diets in the future.

隨著世界人口的增加、氣候改變和其他全球議題所帶來的負面影響，我們未來可能要徹底地改變飲食。

Ah, yes, I have heard about this.

沒錯，我聽說過這件事。

There are all sorts of developments from growing artificial meat to developing insect-based foods.

有各式各樣的發明出現，像是人工肉或甚至是以昆蟲為基底的食物。

Mmm, tasty.

聽起來真好吃。

Well, we'll look a little more at this topic shortly, but we start, as ever, with a question and it's a food-based question.

我們很快會進入今天的主題，但我們一如既往的以問題作為開始，而這次是與食物相關的問題。

In which continent did tomatoes originate?

番茄起源於哪一洲？

Is it A: South America, B: Africa or C: Asia?

1. 南美洲 2. 非洲 3. 亞洲

What do you think, Sam?

Sam 你覺得答案是哪一個呢？

No idea.

不知道。

I'm going to say Africa, but that's just a guess.

我會說是非洲，但那只是猜測。

OK, well I will reveal the answer later in the program.

我晚一點會在節目中公布。

On a recent edition of BBC Radio 4's The Food Programme, there was an interview with Dr. Morgaine Gaye.

最近 BBC第四電台的食物節目，採訪了Morgaine Gaye博士。

She is a futurologist.

她是一位未來學家。

A futurologist is someone who studies and predicts the way we will be living in the future.

未來學家是指研究與預測我們未來生活方式的人。

Her particular area of expertise is the subject of food.

她專長領域為食物。

What two things does she say she thinks about?

哪兩件事是她所提及的？

As a food futurologist, I think about not just what we're going to be eating in the future but why.

身為一位未來食物的學家，我思考的不僅是我們未來要吃什麼，還有為什麼我們要吃那些食物。

Why that thing, why that trend, why will people suddenly latch onto that food, that way of eating that food at that particular time?

為什麼是那樣東西、為什麼趨勢是那樣、為什麼人們突然在某個時間點，對某樣食物和其食用方式產生興趣？

And when I work for large companies, that's what they want to know.

我為大公司工作時，這就是他們想知道的。

There is an element of a hunch.

要先有一個直覺。

And then proving or disproving that hunch.

接著去證明或推翻那個直覺。

So what two things does she think about?

哪兩件事是她所提及的？

She says that as a food futurologist, she thinks about what we will be eating in the future and also why we will be eating that food.

她說身為一位未來食物的學者，她思考我們未來會吃什麼，以及為什麼我們會吃那樣食物。

Yes, in particular, she looks at why there are particular trends.

沒錯，她特別探討特定趨勢出現的原因。

A trend is what is popular now or what is becoming popular.

趨勢是指現在所流行的或即將成為流行的事物。

For example, at the moment, there is a trend for eating less red meat.

舉例來說，目前的趨勢是少吃紅肉。

She also looks at why people latch onto particular trends.

她也探討為什麼人們對特定的趨勢產生興趣。

To latch onto here means to be very interested in something.

這裡的"latch onto"是指對某事物產生非常濃厚的興趣。

So if you latch onto a particular food trend, you start to follow that trend, you might start eating that particular diet.

所以若你對特定的食物趨勢產生濃厚的興趣，你開始密切關注那個趨勢，並可能開始培養特定的飲食習慣。

Information about future trends is very important for companies in the food business.

未來趨勢相關資訊對食品行業來說十分重要。

How does she actually predict these trends?

她是如何預測這些趨勢的？

She says she starts with a hunch.

她說她從直覺開始。

A hunch is a feeling you get that something is true.

直覺是指你認為某件事是正確的感覺。

You don't have any real evidence, but your experience and knowledge makes you think you might be right.

你沒有任何實質的證據，但根據你的經驗和知識，你認為你的想法可能是對的。

Let's listen again.

我們再聽一次。

As a food futurologist, I think about not just what we're going to be eating in the future but why.

身為一位未來食物的學家，我思考的不僅是我們未來要吃什麼，還有為什麼我們要吃那些食物。

Why that thing, why that trend, why will people suddenly latch onto that food, that way of eating that food at that particular time?

為什麼是那樣東西、為什麼趨勢是那樣、為什麼人們突然在某個時間點，對那個食物和吃那個食物的方式產生興趣？

And when I work for large companies, that's what they want to know.

當我為大公司工作時，這就是他們所想要知道的。

There is an element of a hunch.

要先有一個直覺。

And then proving or disproving that hunch.

接著證明或推翻那個直覺。

Dr. Gaye goes on to talk about how on the subject of food, there are restrictions.

Gaye 博士繼續說明以食物為主的限制。

Why is that?

為什麼會那樣？

Food business, of course, has different restrictions around it because it's about safety, we're ingesting that.

食品業當然對食物有不同的限制，因為我們攝取食物，而這關乎於安全問題。

The supply chain and the labelling laws are very stringent especially in this country.

供應鏈和標籤法案在英國格外地嚴格。

So it takes a lot longer to get an idea from just a concept that's discussed around a table to an actual production facility, labelled, branded, tested, marketed and put on the shelves.

所以從一個概念的討論到實際製造、貼標籤、加商標、測試、上市、放到架上，耗時很久。

So why restrictions?

所以為什麼有限制？

Well, it's about safety.

這與安全有關。

Because we are ingesting food, which is a way of saying we are putting it into our bodies, it has to be safe.

我們必須攝取食物，也就是說讓食物進入身體裡，因此這些食物必須是安全的。

It can be a long process of developing a new food and getting it into the shops because of the need to be safe and meet the laws of different countries.

研發一種新食物並將它引入商店會是一段很長的過程，因為食物必須是安全的且符合不同國家的法律規範。

In the U.K., she mentions that the food safety laws are very stringent.

她提及在英國，食物安全法規很嚴格。

This means that the laws are very tough, very strict.

stringent 意指法律很強硬、嚴格。

Let's hear Dr. Gaye again.

我們再聽 Gaye 博士說一次。

Food business of course has different restrictions around it because it's about safety, we're ingesting that, the supply chain and the labelling laws are very stringent especially in this country.

食品業當然對食物有不同的限制，因為我們攝取食物，而這關乎安全問題。

So it takes a lot longer to get an idea from just a concept that's discussed around a table to an actual production facility, labelled, branded, tested, marketed and put on the shelves.

所以從一個概念的討論到實際製造、貼標籤、加商標、測試、上市、放到架上，耗時很久。

Right, well before we review our vocabulary, let's get the answer to the question.

在複習今天的單字之前，我們來揭曉問題的答案吧！

In which continent did tomatoes originate?

番茄起源於哪一洲？

Is it A: South America, B: Africa C: Asia?

1. 南美洲 2. 非洲 3. 亞洲

Sam, what did you say?

你覺得答案是哪一個呢？

I made a guess at Africa.

我猜是非洲。

Well, I'm afraid that's not right.

恐怕那是錯誤的答案。

Congratulations though to everyone who said South America.

恭喜其他猜南美洲的人。

Right, let's recap our words and expressions.

我們重述一次今天的單字和片語吧。

OK, well we started with the word "futurologist."

我們從單字 futurologist 開始。

This is a noun to describe someone who studies and predicts the way we will be living in the future.

這是名詞，用來描述研究和預測我們未來生活方式的人。

Then we had trend.

接著是單字 trend。

This word can describe what is popular now and the way in which what is popular is changing.

這個單字用來描述現在所流行的或即將成為流行的事物。

For example now we are seeing a trend for eating less red meat in some parts of the world.

舉例來說，目前在世界上某些地區視少吃紅肉為趨勢。

If you latch onto something, you become interested in it and associate yourself with it.

latch onto 意指對某事產生興趣和連結。

We heard that people very quickly latch onto food trends.

我們得知人們很快對食物趨勢產生興趣。

Then there was "hunch."

下一個單字是 hunch。

A hunch is a feeling about something you think might be true even though you don't have real evidence for it.

hunch 是指即使沒有實際的證據，你還是認為某事是正確的一種感覺。

Ingesting something means taking it into your body, so eating or drinking it.

ingest 意思是以吃或喝的方式，讓食物進入身體。

And finally a stringent rule is a very strict rule, a tough rule or law which in connection to food is designed to make sure it is safe and of a suitable quality.

stringent rule 意指非常嚴格的規定或法律，以確保食物的安全與合適的品質。

OK, thank you Sam.

好的，謝謝你。

That's all from 6 Minute English.

今日的六分鐘學英語就到這邊。

Goodbye!

再見！

Bye bye!

掰掰！