It's convenient.

外帶食物很方便

Easy.

又簡單

Most of the time, it's delicious.

而且，大部分的外帶食物都很美味

But with every order, there's just a lot of stuff that comes with the meal.

但是，隨著每一份餐點都會附帶很多東西

Look, here's what I got when I ordered Thai.

你看，我點泰式料理時會拿到這麼多東西

This is from my breakfast this morning.

這些是我今天早餐的產物

And this is all the stuff you get with one of those meal delivery kits.

而這所有東西是你從餐點外送包中拿到的

Some of it, you can recycle.

有些可以回收

Some of it, it's compostable.

有些可以當作堆肥

But a lot of it…well, I really don't know.

但是大部分...嗯，我真的不知道

And all this waste — it isn't just a problem that we can solve with recycling alone.

而所有的垃圾 — 不是我們單單用回收，就可以解決的問題，

These little containers and wrappers may not seem like a big deal, but in the U.S., packaging makes up the largest category of municipal waste.

這些小容器和包裝紙或許看起來沒什麼，但是在美國，包裝是城市垃圾中最大宗的問題

On top of that, single-use items make up another 10 percent of all our discards.

最重要的是，一次性使用物品占了所有丟棄物的 10％

And this kind of mindless consumption has a really big impact on climate change.

而這種盲目的消耗對氣候變遷的影響真的很大

Roughly 29 percent of our nation's greenhouse gas emissions come from the way we make, consume, and dispose of stuff.

大約有 29％ 的溫室氣體排放是來自我們製造、消耗和清除物質的方式

That's more than the emissions that come from heating our homes or driving around in our cars.

這些氣體的排放比我們房屋的暖氣或開車所排放的廢氣還多

It takes a lot of energy and resources to produce single-use items.

生產一次性使用物品需要耗費大量的能量與資源

These things we use only for a few minutes or even a few seconds before they become trash.

但是這些東西我們只用了幾分鐘甚至幾秒鐘，它們就成為垃圾

And when single-use items go into a landfill, all that paper and plastic is destroyed — and

當一次性使用物品進入垃圾掩埋場時，所有的紙張和塑料都會被破壞—

so we have to go out there and extract new raw materials to replace it.

所以我們必須到別的地方去提取新的原物料來取代它

We really need to prioritize reduce and reuse over recycling.

我們真的需要將「減少」以及「重複使用」擺在「回收」之上

Recycling is great to deal with the product once it's already in your hand.

回收是一個很好的方法來處理已經在你手上的東西

You've got to make a good decision on where it goes, but waste minimization is more important.

你必須做出一個好決定將東西丟到對地方，但是廢棄物減量更為重要

This is Anne Krieghoff — she's the recycling manager at the University of California, Irvine.

這位是 Anne Krieghoff — 她是加州大學歐文分校的回收經理

Her goal is to get the campus to zero waste.

她的目標是達到校園零垃圾

And there's some super simple ways that we can reduce a lot of this single-use trash.

有很多超級簡單的方法可以讓我們減少很多一次性使用物品的垃圾量

Look, have you ever ordered a burger and fries and inside the bag there are like, a thousand packets of ketchup that you really aren't going to use?

比如，你有沒有點過漢堡和薯條，袋子裡面像是有一千包你根本不會用到的番茄醬？

They may look innocent, but there's really no way to recycle them.

它們也許看起來很無辜，但是它們真的沒有辦法被回收

So, one of the easiest ways to eliminate this trash is to serve condiments in bulk.

所以，消除這種垃圾最簡單的方法之一就是提供散裝調味料

Remember the way you used to get a hot dog at the baseball game, you'd go up to the pump and get your ketchup and your mustard.

還記得你以前在棒球比賽中買熱狗的方式嗎？你會到醬料區將番茄醬和芥末醬加到熱狗上，

That is the best way.

那是最好的方法

Think how much you could save with one bulk ketchup dispenser. Or bulk sugar at the coffee shop.

想想看一台散裝番茄醬機或是咖啡店的散裝糖罐，可以節省多少垃圾量

Another way to reduce trash is to just stop overpackaging things.

另一個減少垃圾的方法就是停止過度包裝東西

Here's a classic example.

接下來要介紹的是個典型的例子，

This is how I got my lunch today.

這是我今天拿到的午餐，

So it's a plastic bag and inside it is a paper bag.

這是一個塑膠袋然後裡面還有一個紙袋

I mean, what's the purpose of this?

我的意思是，這麼做到底是為了什麼？

You know, maybe I could have actually carried this out without a bag.

你知道，也許我可以直接拿著午餐而不需要袋子，

Or simply put it in my backpack.

或者很簡單地放到背包裡。

It would be great if companies started saying, “We're not serving the plastic bag unless you ask for it.”

如果公司開始規定：「除非你提出要求，否則我們不提供塑膠袋。」這樣會很好

Don't offer it — just wait if somebody needs that.

不要提供 —除非有人真正需要

And that's really the key.

這的確是關鍵

See, a lot of useless trash is created because companies just kind of hand it to us, assuming that we want it.

你看，有很多沒用的垃圾是因為公司就這樣把它交給我們，假設我們需要

But a lot of times we don't.

但是大部分的時間我們是用不到的

This is something that Seamless and Grubhub, the food delivery apps, are trying to take on.

這是食品交付應用程式 Seamless 和 Grubhub 試圖採取的措施

When you place an order on their website, they give you the option to skip the utensils and napkins, which you probably don't need if they're actually coming to your home or to your office.

當你在他們的網站下訂單，他們會讓你選擇略過餐具和紙巾，你可能不需要這些餐具，如果食物其實是送到你家或是辦公室

In 2013 alone, Seamless reported that they saved more than a million sets of plastic utensils and napkins — all with a simple check box.

光 2013年， Seamless 指出，他們節省了超過 100 萬套的塑膠餐具和紙巾 — 全靠一個簡單的選項

Just having the option to say no makes it way easier for customers to reduce their trash.

只要提供選項說「不」，就能使顧客更容易地減少他們的垃圾量

And saving those forks and napkins helps restaurants as well, since ultimately they're the ones who are paying for them

節省這些叉子和紙巾也可以幫助餐館，畢竟是餐館付錢買叉子和紙巾的

So if step one is reduce, or stop giving people stuff they don't need, then step two is reuse.

所以，如果第一步是減少，或者停止提供顧客不需要的東西，那麼，第二步就是重複使用

Let's make it easier for people to switch to reusable stuff.

讓我們來讓大家更容易改用重複使用的東西

UC Merced have made the switch to reusable takeout containers in their dining hall.

加州大學默塞德分校已經在他們的餐廳裡改用可重複使用的外賣容器

Reusable is always the way to go, if you think about it, if you're reusing this container and you're getting more uses out of it, although the cost upfront is larger, in the long run you're saving a lot of money.

重複使用一直是一個對的方法，你想想看，如果你正在重複使用這個容器而且使用次數越來越多

although the cost upfront is larger, in the long run you're saving a lot of money.

雖然成本比較高，但從長遠的角度來看，你可以節省很多錢

Julie Sagusay is the Food Services Manager and each year, about a third of the meals served at the dining hall are to-go meals.

Julie Sagusay 是食品服務經理，每年餐廳供應的食物，約有三分之一都是外帶的

That adds up to about 350,000 single-use containers that they avoid using every year.

這樣每年可節省約 35 萬個一次性使用的容器

When you want a meal to-go, you check out the container with your student card, like you would a library book —

當你想要外帶食物時，先用學生卡買容器，就像在圖書館借書一樣 —

and then when you're done, you return it to one of these eight machines around campus.

然後當你用完餐時，將容器回收到校園內這 8 個機器的其中一個

A lot of universities and even a few hospitals have introduced reusable container systems like this.

許多大學和一些醫院甚至已經推出了像這樣的可重複使用的容器系統

There's even a company in Portland called GO Box that works with local restaurants to offer a reusable option for takeout food.

波特蘭甚至有一家名為 GO Box 的公司與當地餐館合作，為外帶食物提供可重複使用的選擇

And it isn't just food containers .

而且這不僅只是食物容器

Reusable water bottles are one of the easiest ways to cut down on to-go trash.

可重複使用的水瓶是減少垃圾的最簡單的方法之一

Around the world, people buy a million plastic bottles each minute and most of them will end up in a landfill or the ocean.

在世界各地，人們每分鐘購買 100 萬個塑膠瓶，其中大多數的命運最終都會落在垃圾掩埋場或海洋中

It's so much smarter to just have one bottle.

擁有一個可重複使用的水瓶是非常聰明的

It's really important that we get away from thinking of anything as a single-use.

真正重要的是我們必須要停止考慮任何一次性使用的物品

From 1987 to 2014, the amount of bottled water that Americans drink has quadrupled.

從 1987 年到 2014 年，美國人飲用的瓶裝水成長了 4 倍

So we drink more bottled water than milk or even beer.

所以我們喝的瓶裝水數量甚至超越了牛奶和啤酒

And during this time, the classic water fountain we all know and love has pretty much fallen out of favor.

而且，在這段時間裡，我們都知道且喜愛的飲水機幾乎已經不受歡迎了

That's partly because people are concerned about water safety

有部分是因為大家考慮飲用水的安全，

Not to mention hygiene, right?

更不用提衛生了，對吧？

Concerns that Anne Perkins here has.

Anne Perkins （美劇《Parks and Recreation》主角）擔憂的是，

Kiss one water fountain drinker and you're kissing everyone in Pawnee.

吻一個飲水機的飲用者，等於親吻波尼地區的每個人，

Including him.

包含他

But recently, that drinking fountain — well it's got a bit of a facelift.

但是最近，那個飲水機，改頭換面了一番

Water bottle filling stations have been popping up, making it easier to get free, filtered water when you're on the go.

水瓶加水站開始出現，讓大家在外奔波更容易且免費獲得過濾水

UC Irvine installed 160 of these on campus and it's made a big difference.

加州大學歐文分校在校園內安裝了 160 個這樣的設備，並帶來很大的改變

Each year, the campus avoids using roughly 3 million plastic bottles.

每年，校園節省使用大約 300 萬個塑膠瓶

Our disposable bottle water sales have dropped over 30% in the last couple of years just by people bring their own water bottle.

在過去的幾年裡，瓶裝水的銷售量下降了 30％ 以上，只因為大家攜帶自己的水瓶

How could we change our processes little by little by little each year until they become the way we do things?

我們要如何每年一點一滴地改變這些過程，直到它們成為我們做事的方式？

It isn't done by just dealing with the trash at the end.

這並不是在最後關頭處理垃圾就可以做到的

It really is about changing culture.

真正要改變的是文化

Today, UC Irvine is diverting 80 percent of their waste from landfills by focusing on reuse, composting, and recycling.

今天，加州大學歐文分校藉由致力於重複使用、堆肥和回收等方法，轉移了垃圾掩埋廠裡 80% 的垃圾

Zero waste is a possibility.

零垃圾是有可能的

It's just never quitting.

就是不能放棄

And cities across the country are trying to reach that goal too.

全國各地的城市也在努力實現這一個目標

Achieving zero waste means building more robust recycling and composting programs.

實現零垃圾意味著要建立更強大的回收和堆肥計畫

But it also means rethinking all the stuff in our lives.

但也意味著要重新思考生活中的所有東西

How do companies package the things they sell us?

公司如何包裝要賣給我們的東西？

Can they use a materials that are easier to recycle?

他們可以使用更容易回收的材料嗎？

How do we make it easier for people to switch to reusables?

我們如何說服大家更容易改用能重複使用的物品？

So really take a look at what you're throwing away at the end of a meal and pick one thing.

所以，認真看看你在飯後扔掉什麼，並選擇一件事，

Maybe it's saying no to bags or maybe it's carrying around a reusable bottle.

也許是向袋子說不，或者是帶上可重複使用的瓶子

It may seem like a trivially small thing, but it is part of a larger cultural shift.

這可能看起來像一件微不足道的小事，但卻是使文化大轉變的一小步

Every plastic cup or plastic straw that doesn't need to be made, every tree that doesn't need to be cut down — all of it helps us reduce global warming.

每一個省下的造塑膠杯或塑膠吸管，少砍的樹— 這一切都有助於我們減少全球暖化

There's a lot simple ways to reduce your trash.

減少垃圾有很多簡單的方法，

Watch my interview with Lauren Singer who can fit four years worth of trash, no kidding, into a single jar.

看看我採訪 Lauren Singer 的影片，她可以將 4 年的垃圾裝進一個罐子裡，沒在開玩笑

And check out climate.universityofcalifornia.edu for other global warming solutions.

也可以到 climate.universityofcalifornia.edu 網站上查詢其他全球暖化的資訊