Name: £500萬硬幣寶藏大公開！🔎 | 丘谷挖寶傳奇 (The £5,000,000 Coin Hoard | Chew Valley Hoard)
Uploaded: 2026-02-26T08:09:28.000Z
Duration: 8 min 5 s

In January 2019, the largest Norman coin hoard was discovered by a group of metal detectorists in the Chew Valley area to the west of Bath and the south of Bristol.

2019年1月，一群金屬探測器使用者在巴斯以西、布里斯托以南的丘谷地區，發現了有史以來最大的諾曼錢幣窖藏。

The find spot was reported and an archaeological investigation was discussed as a possibility to the surrounding areas.

發現地點被上報了，並且討論了對周邊地區進行考古調查的可能性。

The hoard consisted of over 2,500 coins and was partly scattered by ploughing.

這個窖藏包含超過2,500枚錢幣，部分被耕犁散開了。

But it was apparent by the clods of coins and coin types of the hoard that it was originally concealed together.

但從錢幣土塊和窖藏的錢幣種類來看，很明顯它們原本是埋藏在一起的。

Now I was lucky enough to talk to one of the finders of the Chew Valley hoard who has given me access to unpublished photographs of the hoard never seen before.

現在我很幸運能和丘谷窖藏的其中一位發現者聊聊，他讓我看到了從未公開過的窖藏未發表的照片。

A group of seven detectorists booked a weekend detecting trip to Chew Valley where they searched the permission of one of the finders.

七位探測器使用者預約了一個週末的探測之旅到丘谷，在那裡他們搜尋了其中一位發現者的許可區域。

The trip was a spare of the moment thing and after a few hours they pulled up their first coin.

這趟旅程是個臨時起意的決定，幾個小時後，他們挖出了他們的第一枚錢幣。

It was a coin of William I and the impeccable condition of the coin had one of the finders questioning its authenticity.

那是一枚威廉一世的錢幣，其完好無損的狀態讓其中一位發現者懷疑其真偽。

But luckily there was a part time dealer who was confident that it was genuine and moments later they hit upon a second signal and up popped a Harold II in similar condition.

但幸運的是，有一位兼職古幣商確信這是真品，幾分鐘後他們又發現了第二個訊號，接著一枚哈羅德二世錢幣也出現了，狀態相似。

At this point the other detectorists gathered around the same fine spot and they began to uncover more and more coins, all within a 15 by 10 meter area.

到了這個時候，其他探測器使用者也聚集到同一個發現地點，他們開始陸續挖出更多的錢幣，全都集中在一個15乘10米的區域內。

They immediately contacted the flow within an hour and after five hours they had uncovered a bulk of the hoard.

他們在一小時內就聯繫了相關單位，五小時後就挖出了窖藏的大部分。

Their short weekend break lasted until Tuesday and after arranging last minute doggie care, they personally escorted the coins to the British Museum in a salad bowl.

他們短暫的週末假期一直持續到星期二，安排好臨時的寵物照顧後，他們親自將錢幣裝在沙拉碗裡送往大英博物館。

The coins were then gently rinsed off and the conservation of the coins began.

接著，錢幣被溫柔地沖洗乾淨，並開始進行保存處理。

This is actually the second time recording and scripting this video as the published work seemed to paint the finders in an incredibly bad light.

這其實是第二次錄製和編寫這個影片了，因為先前發表的報導似乎讓發現者們看起來很糟糕。

But since the finder came forward and spoke to me for an hour, it is apparent that the published work wasn't an accurate representation of the events of the day.

但自從發現者主動跟我談了一個小時後，很明顯地，先前發表的報導並沒有準確地呈現當天的情況。

The finders continued to search the hoard site until they were satisfied that no further pennies remained and as a result a second group of coins were delivered to the British Museum whilst the conservation of the main hoard was ongoing.

在主窖藏的保存工作進行的同時，發現者們持續搜尋窖藏地點，直到他們確信沒有其他錢幣遺留，結果是第二批錢幣被送往大英博物館。

And when coins are submitted as treasure, the aim is to clean the hoard well enough to permit basic identification and full conservation.

當錢幣被呈報為寶藏時，目標是將窖藏清理乾淨，以便進行基本辨識和全面保存。

The will only be completed when a museum acquires it.

這項工作要等到博物館收購後才會完成。

However, because of the high purity silver content combined with the soil conditions that they were kept in, this means that the majority of the coins were very well preserved and although a small number were apparently damaged in the ground, this was probably due to a plough.

然而，由於含銀量很高，加上它們被保存的土壤條件，這意味著大部分錢幣都保存得非常好，雖然有少數錢幣在地底下似乎有損壞，這很可能是因為耕犁造成的。

Now, the contents of the hoard comprised of mainly pennies, but there were cut half pennies too.

現在，這個窖藏的內容物主要是便士，但也有被切半的便士。

The condition of a majority of these half pennies had been bent deliberately and and many show signs of wear through circulation.

大部分半便士的狀況是被故意彎折的，而且許多都顯示有流通磨損的痕跡。

The coins that were bent were thought to have been so because they were checked to make sure that they were of pure silver and not mixed with other base metals like lead.

彎折的錢幣據信是因為要檢查是否為純銀，而不是混有鉛等賤金屬。

A very small number of coins show recent breaks parallel to where they had been bent in antiquity, as one might expect if accidentally snapped in the process of attempting to straighten the coins subsequent to their discovery.

極少數錢幣顯示有近期平行於古代彎折處的斷裂，這正如預期，如果是在發現後試圖拉直錢幣時意外折斷的話。

A report was provided to HM Coroner in August 2019 regarding the hoard's legal status under the terms of the Treasure Act 1996 and was shared with the interested parties.

2019年8月，一份關於該窖藏依據《1996年寶藏法》的法律地位的報告提交給了皇家驗屍官，並與相關方共享。

And it was at this time that the initial announcement of the horde's discovery was made to the press as the archaeological respiratory finds from Bath and the Northeast Somerset.

就在那時，關於這個窖藏的發現首次向媒體發布，這批來自巴斯和東北薩默塞特的考古發現。

The Roman Baths Museum and Spa in Bath hopes to acquire the hoard, which is an important discovery both regionally and nationally.

位於巴斯的羅馬浴場博物館和水療中心希望收購這批窖藏，這無論在區域還是國家層面都是一項重要發現。

So let's have a look at the contents of the hoard found at Chew Valley.

那麼，讓我們來看看在丘谷發現的這批窖藏的內容。

The hoard includes twice as many coins of Harold II as all other previous finds combined, and

這批窖藏中哈羅德二世的錢幣數量，是所有先前發現的總和的兩倍，而且

five times more examples of the first type issued by William I than the total number known before, which is excellent for us numismatists and coin collectors, because if they eventually get sold privately, then the market will be flooded with thousands more Norman varieties.

威廉一世發行的第一種錢幣的數量，比之前已知的總數還要多五倍，這對我們這些錢幣學家和錢幣收藏家來說太棒了，因為如果最終私下出售，市場上將充斥著數千種更多諾曼錢幣。

And this will bring in time the price of Norman pennies down many, making them a bit more affordable to collect for people like me who would love to own one.

隨著時間的推移，這將會降低諾曼便士的價格，讓像我這樣想擁有一枚的人，能更容易負擔得起收藏。

The hoard itself contains 1238 coins of the Pax type of Harold II and 1343 coins of William I's profile cross florry type.

這批窖藏總共有 1238 枚哈羅德二世的 Pax 種類錢幣，以及 1343 枚威廉一世的 profile cross florry 種類錢幣。

In both cases, the majority of the coins are of the standard type, but

在這兩種情況下，大多數錢幣都是標準種類，但

there are also four variants of Pax and two variants of the profile cross flurry type.

也有四種 Pax 的變體，以及兩種 profile cross flurry 的變體。

The hoard also contains a mule of Edward the Confessor's pyramid type and William's profile cross flurry type, and

這批窖藏還包含一枚愛德華懺悔者 (Edward the Confessor) 的 pyramid 種類與威廉的 profile cross flurry 種類的 mule，以及

also two dye duplicate mules of Paxon profile cross flurry type.

兩枚 Paxon profile cross flurry 種類的 dye duplicate mule。

In all three cases, the reverse is the later of the two types and the majority of the coins in the hoard are in good condition, but

在所有這三種情況下，反面都是兩種種類中較晚出現的一種，而窖藏中的大部分錢幣都保存良好，但

Although a number of the fragments were matched at the British Museum by senior conservator Pippa Pearce, who also led to conservation of the hoard.

儘管英國博物館的高級修復師 Pippa Pearce 已經將許多碎片進行配對，她也主導了這批窖藏的修復工作。

The finding of the Chew Valley hoard has actually taught me something new about the mischievous workings of the Norman Moneyers.

丘谷窖藏的發現，實際上讓我對諾曼鑄幣師們調皮的運作方式學到了新東西。

Moneyers were in charge of their own mints and responsible for all the coins being produced.

鑄幣師們負責管理自己的鑄幣廠，並對所有生產出來的錢幣負責。

And these Moneyers did not always play by the rules, though, despite decidedly draconian deterrence for those who did try to cheat the system.

而且，儘管有嚴厲的懲罰來嚇阻那些試圖欺騙系統的人，但這些鑄幣師們並不總是遵守規則。

Three of the Chew Valley coins are of a more unusual type, known as mules.

丘谷窖藏中有三枚錢幣是較不尋常的類型，稱為「雜交幣」。

And this is where dies for two different coin types have been used to strike a single coin.

也就是說，用兩種不同錢幣類型的鑄模來鑄造一枚錢幣。

And in this case, the hoard includes two coins of Harold II's designs on the obverse and the reverse design of William's first coinage, the first known examples of such a combination, as well as a coin combining dies representing William I and Edward the Confessor.

而這批窖藏中，有兩枚錢幣的正面是 Harold II 的設計，反面則是 William 的第一批鑄幣設計，這是這類組合的首例，另外還有一枚錢幣結合了 William I 和 Edward the Confessor 的鑄模。

The name of one money represented in the hoard, Sidmon of Warren, was found on the two Harold William mules.

窖藏中出現的一位鑄幣師 Sidmon of Warren 的名字，出現在兩枚 Harold William 的雜交幣上。

But also producing regular coins for William I's reign.

但也為 William I 的統治生產了常規錢幣。

These hybrid designs were created as a kind of early medieval tax dodging scheme where.

這些混合設計是一種早期中世紀逃稅計畫，當時。

During this period, coin types were changed every few years, after which the previous design ceased to be legal tender and you had to change your coins for new ones.

在這個時期，錢幣類型每隔幾年就會更換一次，之後舊的設計就不再是法定貨幣，你必須將舊錢幣換成新錢幣。

He said this meant profit for the moneyers there.

他說這意味著那裡的鑄幣師能賺取利潤。

They also had to pay a fee to the crown to operate and to purchase new dies for each change.

他們也必須向王室支付營運費用，並為每次更換購買新鑄模。

So some Moneyers tried to get around this by illicitly continuing to use old dies and hoping that no one would notice.

所以有些鑄幣師試圖規避這個規定，非法繼續使用舊鑄模，希望沒人會注意到。

Some of the coins issued during William I's reign still use Harold II's bust.

在威廉一世統治時期發行的一些錢幣，仍然使用哈羅德二世的半身像。

These weren't realistic portraits, but stylized images of the king, mimicking the coins of Byzantine emperors.

這些並非寫實的肖像，而是模仿拜占庭皇帝錢幣的國王風格化圖像。

So you would have had to look closely to tell the difference.

所以你必須仔細看才能分辨出差異。

And also because most people couldn't read, they wouldn't necessarily have spotted that their coin had the wrong name on it.

而且因為大多數人都看不懂字，他們不一定會注意到他們的錢幣上寫錯了名字。

那麼，這個窖藏是什麼時候埋藏的呢？

We can tell the deposit date by the latest coin found within.

我們可以從裡面找到的最新一枚錢幣來判斷埋藏日期。

In this case, it was a very early type of William I, minted shortly after his coronation on Christmas Day 1066.

在這個例子中，這是一枚非常早期的威廉一世錢幣，是在 1066 年聖誕節加冕後不久鑄造的。

Coin hoards were usually concealed during the times of great threat, although the exact circumstances behind the burial of the Chew Valley hoard are present uncertain.

錢幣窖藏通常是在面臨重大威脅時埋藏的，儘管丘谷窖藏埋藏的確切情況仍不確定。

But it also probably reflects the fact that William's victory at Hastings did not mean he won immediate authority over the whole of England.

但這也可能反映了威廉在黑斯汀戰役的勝利，並不代表他立即就統治了整個英格蘭。

A Welsh incursion into Hertfordshire is recorded in 1067, and

據記載，1067 年威爾斯人入侵了赫特福德郡，

the following year, William himself attacked Exeter in response to an unrest in the southwest instigated by Gaither, mother of Harold ii, in support of the claims of her grandsons.

隔年，威廉本人為了回應蓋瑟（哈羅德二世的母親）在西南地區煽動的動亂，攻擊了艾希特，以支持她孫子的繼承權。

Later, in 1068, the sons of Harold, who fled to Ireland attacked upon the Bristol Channel.

之後，在 1068 年，逃往愛爾蘭的哈羅德的兒子們襲擊了布里斯托爾海峽。

So, with this, it is estimated that the hoard was concealed between 1066 and 1068.

是以，據估計，這個窖藏是在 1066 年到 1068 年之間埋藏的。

I hope you've enjoyed today's video on the hoard found at Chew Valley.

希望大家喜歡今天關於丘谷窖藏的影片。

Be sure to let me know down below the hoards you'd like to see me cover in the future.

請務必在下方告訴我，你們希望我未來介紹哪些窖藏。