Name: 華特·默奇如何讓電影音效「世界化」？ (How Walter Murch Worldized Film Sound)
Uploaded: 2026-02-03T17:25:19.000Z
Duration: 5 min 36 s

Okay, so I'm in the stairwell of my apartment building right now to show you what the reverb of a space like this does to a human voice.

好的，我現在在我家公寓的樓梯間，要來示範像這樣的空間，它的殘響會對人聲產生什麼效果。

You can hear the reflections of my words bounce around the walls in here and mingle together to create this complex echo that conveys information about the space I'm in.

你可以聽到我的聲音在牆壁間來回反射，然後混合在一起，形成一個複雜的迴音，這個迴音會傳達出我所在空間的資訊。

The only thing, though, is that I'm not in a stairwell.

I'm in my office where I normally record these voiceovers, sitting pretty close to the microphone.

我在我平常錄旁白的辦公室裡，離麥克風很近。

In digital editing, all you need to do to add reverb to an audio file is drag and drop.

在數位剪輯裡，你只需要拖曳並放置，就能為音訊檔案加入殘響。

There are countless presets for different spaces.

有無數種預設，可以模擬不同的空間。

A couple of clicks and you're good to go.

Take for example, I don't know, a school dance in a gymnasium.

舉個例子，我不知道，像是在體育館辦的學校舞會。

Just add some crowd sound effects and some band music, apply the appropriate reverb and voila.

只要加上一些人群的音效和一些樂團的音樂，套用適當的殘響，就完成了。

Digital software makes a lot of things easier.

數位軟體讓很多事情都變簡單了。

Unfortunately, the film you're looking at right now, George Lucas, American Graffiti, was made way before these tools were invented.

不幸的是，你現在看到的這部電影《American Graffiti》，喬治·盧卡斯拍的時候，這些工具都還沒發明出來。

So how do you capture the acoustic spirit of a place without the software to simulate it?

那要怎麼在沒有軟體模擬的情況下，捕捉一個地方的聲音氛圍呢？

Well, you could record the band playing in the gym itself as you're shooting, but

嗯，你可以在拍攝時，直接在體育館裡錄下樂團的演奏，但

that's going to make syncing all the different shots.

這會讓所有不同的鏡頭同步變得困難。

You could filter the track to muffle it a bit and add some echo, as it had been done up to that point.

你可以過濾音軌，讓它聽起來有點悶，並加上一些迴音，就像以前的做法一樣。

But that's just not going to have the realistic quality you're looking for.

但這樣就無法達到你想要的真實感。

Any kind of reverberation or atmosphere around a voice or a sound effect, which tells you something about the space that you're in.

任何環繞在人聲或音效周圍的殘響或氛圍，都能告訴你一些關於你所在空間的資訊。

That's Walter Murch, legendary film and sound editor, who has worked on some of the best movies of all time, including American Graffiti and the Godfather.

這是 Walter Murch，傳奇的電影和聲音剪輯師，他參與過許多影史經典，包括《美國風情畫》和《教父》。

In the early 70s, Murch invented a technique called worldizing that solved the problem of realistic reverb.

在 70 年代初期，Murch 發明瞭一種叫做「世界化」的技術，解決了真實殘響的問題。

And you can hear it in this scene when the orchestra that is at the wedding is playing the music.

你可以在婚禮上演奏的樂團演奏音樂的這個場景中聽到它。

It's being broadcast to the set through speakers and it has this wonderful sound, the way weddings really sound.

它透過喇叭傳送到片場，聽起來有種很棒的聲音，就像婚禮真實的聲音一樣。

I then got hold of the actual original recordings of that music, did a kind of blending the captured playback sound with the actual sound.

然後我取得了那段音樂的實際原始錄音，將捕捉到的播放聲音與實際聲音混合在一起。

It's an ingenious solution to the problem.

Murch records the recording in the space it's actually meant to be playing, capturing the exact acoustic qualities of that location.

Murch 會在他實際要播放的空間裡錄製錄音，捕捉該地點的確切聲學特性。

Then he syncs the original recording with that to create this Frankenstein's monster That has both the full body of the original music and the signature of that outdoor area.

然後他將原始錄音與之同步，創造出這個結合了原始音樂的完整體和戶外空間特徵的組合體。

And in addition to the naturalism it creates, this technique gives the sound editor amazing control over something like a sonic depth of field.

而且除了創造出來的自然感之外，這個技巧還讓聲音剪輯師能對聲場的深度有驚人的控制力。

By adjusting the levels on the sync tracks, you can essentially bring the sound backward or forward in the mix.

透過調整同步音軌的音量，你基本上可以讓聲音在混音裡往前或往後。

When people are dancing and the camera is up close, you want to feel the music, so the editor can favor the clean recording.

當人們在跳舞，鏡頭又很近時，你會想感受到音樂的能量，這時候剪輯師就可以偏好乾淨的錄音。

But when you have dialogue, on the other hand, you can fade in more of the worldized recording, which softens the edges on the audio and allows speech to punch through clearly without you having to bring down the music's volume drastically low.

但另一方面，當有對話時，你就可以漸漸加入更多世界化的錄音，這能柔化音訊的邊緣，讓對話清晰地凸顯出來，而不用大幅降低音樂的音量。

Murch devised this process on George Lucas first feature film, THX 1138, a masterpiece of impressionistic sound design.

Murch 在 George Lucas 的第一部電影《THX 1138》中構思了這個過程，這部電影是印象派聲音設計的傑作。

He had to find a way to make Lucas futuristic underworld sound like, well, a futuristic underworld.

他必須想辦法讓 Lucas 所描繪的未來地下世界聽起來，嗯，就像一個未來地下世界。

We've got a malfunctioning officer in corridor 7A.

我們在 7A 走廊有個失靈的警官。

Like all good inventions, worldizing emerged from necessity and experimentation.

就像所有偉大的發明一樣，世界化是從必要性和實驗中誕生的。

The Godfather was the beneficiary of what Murch came up with on thx.

《教父》也受惠於 Murch 在《THX》裡想出的方法。

So was American Graffiti, which leaned heavily on worldizing to place its extensive radio soundtrack in the cars and on the streets and in the school gymnasium.

《美國風情畫》也是，它大量運用世界化，將其豐富的電臺配樂置入汽車、街道和學校體育館中。

In Apocalypse now, many of the sounds coming from megaphones, loudspeakers, and helicopter radios are worldized.

在《現代啟示錄》裡，從擴音器、揚聲器和直升機無線電傳來的許多聲音都經過了世界化處理。

In all these cases, the result is an extraordinary match between picture and sound.

在所有這些情況下，結果都是畫面與聲音的絕妙搭配。

And the result of that is a deeper immersion in the story.

而這樣做的結果就是讓觀眾更深入地沉浸在故事中。

You know, I love this about the craft of movies, how a problem that needs to be solved can result in a technique that influences the sound and feel of the whole medium.

你知道，我喜歡電影製作的這點，一個需要解決的問題，竟然能催生出一種影響整個媒介的聲音和感覺的技巧。

我想，即使是現在，這點仍然是真實的。

Who knows, Maybe you'll change film history.

誰知道呢？也許你會改變電影史。

This episode was brought to you by Squarespace.

本集節目由 Squarespace 贊助播出。

If you don't know, you can use Squarespace to make really beautiful websites for anything you might need.

如果你還不知道，你可以用 Squarespace 來製作各種你需要的精美網站。

A personal site, a wedding website, a site for your business or portfolio, and

個人網站、婚禮網站、公司或作品集網站，

in just a few clicks, you can have that website up and running.

而且只要點幾下，你就可以讓網站上線運作了。

Their design team has crafted templates that work on computer browsers and on mobile, switching perfectly between the two.

他們的設計團隊精心打造了各種範本，無論是在電腦瀏覽器或手機上都能完美切換使用。

You can integrate your own photos and videos with just a few clicks, and

你也可以輕鬆整合自己的照片和影片，

you can even link your social account so you can auto post to Twitter and Facebook all from within Squarespace.

甚至可以連結你的社群帳號，讓你直接在 Squarespace 裡自動發布到 Twitter 和 Facebook。

Head over to squarespace.com for a free trial, and

when you're ready to Launch, go to squarespace.com nerdwriter for 10% off your first purchase.

準備好上線時，請到 squarespace.com nerdwriter 享有首次購買 10% 的折扣。