Name: 史上最慘烈的核災難！ (Worst Nuclear Accidents in History)
Uploaded: 2026-01-28T17:24:10.000Z
Duration: 9 min 13 s

Nuclear energy creates an uneasy feeling of danger for many people.

核能讓許多人對潛在的危險感到不安。

情態副詞

Ancient and dangerous minerals are concentrated to awaken seemingly unnatural powers, creating horribly toxic elements that, if they escape, can and have killed people in horrible ways.

古老且危險的礦物被濃縮，喚醒了看似不自然的能量，產生了可怕的有毒元素，一旦洩漏，就能且確實以可怕的方式殺死人類。

How many people has nuclear energy killed and how?

核能到底殺死了多少人？又是怎麼殺死的？

Nuclear energy has been a thing since 1951, and

since then there have been around 30 reported accidents globally.

從那時起，全球大約發生了 30 起事故。

Most of them were pretty minor compared to the two disasters everybody is familiar with.

大多數事故都相當輕微，與大家熟知的兩場災難相比。

Chernobyl is undoubtedly the worst nuclear accident in history for a number of reasons.

無疑地，車諾比是史上最嚴重的核能事故，原因有很多。

The reactor technology was old and ill prepared for emergencies, and

當時的反應爐技術老舊，且未能充分應對緊急情況，

the government response was slow and more concerned about image than damage control.

政府的應對緩慢，比起損害控制，更在意形象。

Still, only 31 people died directly in the accident.

不過，事故直接造成的死亡人數只有31人。

But what makes nuclear energy scary is not reactors blowing up, but the radiation they release.

但核能讓人害怕的不是反應爐爆炸，而是它釋放出的輻射。

So the real question is, how many deaths through cancer and other diseases will Chernobyl cause?

所以真正的問題是，車諾比會導致多少人因癌症和其他疾病而死亡？

Here things get really complicated because you dip right into controversy.

在這裡事情就變得非常複雜，因為你會直接陷入爭議。

And just discussing the different estimates and how they were calculated deserves a video of its own.

光是討論不同的估計以及它們是如何計算出來的，就值得做一集影片了。

The most pessimistic estimate comes from a study commissioned by the European Green Party and projects up to 60,000 premature deaths by the year 2065.

最悲觀的估計來自歐洲綠黨委託的研究，預計到2065年將有高達6萬人過早死亡。

Most scientific studies come up with numbers much lower than this.

大多數科學研究得出的數字遠低於此。

The WHO has estimated that in total, the long term death toll will be around 4,000, while the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation concluded that even this figure could be too high.

世界衛生組織估計，總體長期死亡人數約為4,000人，而聯合國原子能輻射影響科學委員會認為，即使是這個數字也可能太高了。

For more details on this, check our research document.

想了解更多細節，可以看看我們的研究文件。

The second big nuclear accident was Fukushima Daiichi in 2011.

第二場嚴重的核能事故是2011年的福島第一核電廠。

Fukushima did not only operate with much better technology that was less dangerous in the first place, much better security measures were in place and the official response was fast and decisive.

福島不僅使用了技術上更先進、危險性更低的設備，安全措施也更完善，官方的應對迅速且果斷。

And so the current Death toll is only 573.

是以，目前的死亡人數僅為573人。

The major difference here is that these deaths were not a consequence of radiation.

這裡主要的差異是，這些死亡並非輻射的直接後果。

They were indirect deaths from the stress of the evacuation of the areas around the reactors and occurred almost entirely in older populations.

而是來自反應爐周邊區域疏散所造成的壓力所導致的間接死亡，且幾乎都發生在老年人口中。

Estimates of the possible long term deaths from radiation vary widely, from none at all to about 1,000.

對於輻射可能造成的長期死亡人數的估計差異很大，從零人到約一千人都有。

In terms of the other long term consequences, an increase in thyroid cancer in children has been observed.

至於其他長期的影響，觀察到兒童甲狀腺癌的發病率有所增加。

But According to the WHO, this is related to the increased screening rate.

但根據世界衛生組織的說法，這與篩檢率的提高有關。

By 2018, there had been only one confirmed death among workers as a result of radiation induced lung cancer.

到2018年，僅有一名工人因輻射引起的肺癌而死亡的確切案例。

Now, let's compare this to renewable energy.

現在，讓我們來比較一下再生能源。

Solar, wind and geothermal energy basically only cause deaths as a result of construction and maintenance accidents.

太陽能、風能和地熱能基本上只會因為施工和維護事故而造成死亡。

Unfortunately, their current share of global energy is pretty low.

不幸的是，它們目前在全球能源佔比相當低。

The major player in renewable energy is hydropower, which mostly means building dams and letting water flow through turbines from a higher elevation to a lower elevation.

再生能源的主要大宗是水力發電，這主要意味著建造水壩，讓水從高處流經渦輪機到低處。

In total, hydro has been the most fatal in terms of accidents.

總的來說，水力發電在事故方面是最致命的。

With hundreds of thousands of deaths in the last half century, One accident clearly stands out.

在過去的半個世紀裡，有數十萬人死亡，其中一起事故尤其突出。

The 1975 Banq Hydroelectric Dam failure in China, which has striking similarities to Chernobyl.

1975年中國的班球水力發電廠潰壩，這與車諾比有驚人的相似之處。

Old technology, poor design and poor management by authoritarian governments concerned about appearances.

舊技術、不良設計以及威權政府為了面子而採取的糟糕管理。

In a nutshell, a massive typhoon triggered intense flooding that destroyed the dam and subsequently a number of smaller dams in a chain reaction, unleashing a flood of over 15 billion cubic meters of water in total.

簡而言之，一場巨大的颱風引發了強烈的洪水，摧毀了水壩，隨後又引發了一連串小型水壩潰堤，總共釋放出超過150億立方公尺的水。

Kilometer wide waves as high as buildings devastated thousands of square kilometers of countryside and countless communities.

如同建築物般高的數公里寬巨浪，摧毀了數千平方公里的鄉村和無數社區。

All in all, the death toll from just this one accident and its direct consequences is estimated to lie between 85,000 to 240,000.

總計，僅這一起事故及其直接後果造成的死亡人數估計介於8萬5千到24萬之間。

But all of these deaths caused by nuclear and renewable energy are actually negligible in comparison to the real killer energy source, fossil fuel, the most widely used source of energy and electricity.

但與真正的殺手級能源——化石燃料（最廣泛使用的能源和電力來源）相比，核能和再生能源造成的這些死亡人數實際上微不足道。

When we burn fossil fuels to heat up water and make turbines spin, or to cause mini explosions to move cars with internal combustion engines, gases like ozone, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide are released into the atmosphere.

當我們燃燒化石燃料來加熱水讓渦輪機轉動，或是引發小型爆炸來驅動內燃機汽車時，臭氧、二氧化硫、一氧化碳和二氧化氮等氣體就會釋放到大氣中。

Breathing in these gases disrupts lung function, which aggravates chronic conditions like asthma and bronchitis, and

吸入這些氣體會干擾肺部功能，加劇氣喘和支氣管炎等慢性疾病，並且

causes a wide range of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.

導致各種呼吸系統和心血管疾病。

But even more dangerous is the fine particle pollution.

但更危險的是細懸浮微粒汙染。

Burning fossil fuels causes a mixture of solid and liquid droplets of poisonous substances as small as 2.5 microns in diameter.

燃燒化石燃料會產生一種由直徑小至2.5微米的有毒物質組成的固體和液體液滴混合物。

They easily find their way deep into your lungs and increase the risk of deadly diseases like lung cancer, stroke and heart disease.

它們很容易深入肺部，增加罹患肺癌、中風和心臟病等致命疾病的風險。

Fossil fuel related air pollution is the number one cause of environmental related deaths in the world.

與化石燃料相關的空氣汙染是全球與環境相關死亡的首要原因。

According to the WHO, it accounts for 29% of all cases of lung cancer, 17% of deaths from acute lower respiratory infection, 24% from stroke, 25% from ischemic heart disease, and

根據世界衛生組織的數據，它佔所有肺癌病例的29%，急性下呼吸道感染死亡的17%，中風的24%，缺血性心臟病的25%，以及

43% from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

All in all, outside air pollution adds up to the deaths of 4 million people each year.

總而言之，室外空氣汙染每年加起來導致400萬人死亡。

What makes air pollution especially problematic and sinister is the fact that that the damage it causes happens very gradually, which makes it hard for our brains that didn't evolve with subtle dangers in mind to realize the scope of the problem.

空氣汙染特別麻煩又陰險的地方在於，它造成的傷害是漸進式的，這讓我們的大腦很難意識到問題的嚴重性，畢竟我們的大腦並不是為了應對這種細微的危險而演化的。

Collectively, air pollution from fossil fuels is estimated to have killed around 100 million people in the past 50 years.

總體來說，估計過去50年來，化石燃料造成的空氣汙染已經導致約一億人死亡。

Fossil fuels also provide over 80% of global energy, so it makes sense that they cause the most deaths.

化石燃料也提供了全球超過80%的能源，所以它們造成最多死亡人數也是可以理解的。

Deaths per energy unit produced a few Studies have compared the death rates from different energy sources per 1tWh.

每單位能源死亡人數，有幾項研究比較了不同能源每1太瓦時（tWh）的死亡率。

That's about the annual energy consumption of 27,000 EU citizens, or 12,600 US citizens.

這大約是27,000名歐盟公民或12,600名美國公民一年的能源消耗量。

To produce that much energy for one year, coal causes 25 deaths, oil causes 18 deaths, and

為了生產這麼多能源一年，燃煤會造成25人死亡，燃油會造成18人死亡，而

Renewable energy causes one death every few decades, and nuclear.

再生能源每幾十年才造成一人死亡，核能也是。

In the worst case, nuclear energy would cause one death every 14 years.

最糟的情況下，核能每14年會造成一人死亡。

One study even found that nuclear energy actually saved 2 million lives between 1971 and 2009 by displacing fossil fuels from the global energy mix.

有一項研究甚至發現，核能透過取代全球能源結構中的化石燃料，在1971年至2009年間實際上拯救了200萬人的生命。

The numbers are clear even when using wildly pessimistic numbers.

即使使用非常悲觀的數字，這些數據也很清楚。

Nuclear energy is among the safest forms of energy generation.

核能是發電方式中最安全的之一。

And at a time when we're struggling to slow down rapid climate change, it's a really valuable low carbon option.

在我們努力減緩氣候變遷的同時，這是一個非常有價值的低碳選項。

However, all these facts still leave one major argument that is fielded against nuclear power.

然而，所有這些事實仍然存在一個反對核能的主要論點。

Opponents of nuclear energy argue that nuclear waste and its lack of long term storage solutions is an unacceptable problem and risk.

核能的對手認為，核廢料及其長期儲存解決方案的缺乏是一個無法接受的問題和風險。

While proponents of nuclear energy say that until renewable energies are able to cover the complete energy demands of mankind, it's arguably safer to store nuclear waste for the time being than to inhale poisonous gases and promote rapid climate change.

而核能的支持者則表示，在再生能源能夠滿足人類所有能源需求之前，暫時儲存核廢料，總比吸入有毒氣體和助長氣候變遷來得安全。

But a detailed discussion about nuclear waste would go too far.

但關於核廢料的詳細討論就太離題了。

更多資訊都在我們的參考資料裡。

Let us know if you'd like a whole video about it.

如果你們想看一整部關於這個主題的影片，也請告訴我們喔。

So, looking at the comparative death rates, it's a bit concerning that some countries are replacing nuclear energy with fossil fuels, mostly coal.

所以，看看這些比較死亡率的數據，有些國家用化石燃料，主要是煤炭來取代核能，這點還滿讓人擔憂的。

Especially Germany and Japan have been the most active in dismantling their nuclear fleet.

特別是德國和日本，他們在拆除核能機組方面最為積極。

In a ploy to appease the public, the German government shut down 11 of its 17 nuclear facilities and plans to close the remaining reactors in 2022.

為了安撫民眾，德國政府關閉了17座核設施中的11座，並計畫在2022年關閉剩餘的反應爐。

The immediate gap in energy production was filled by temporarily increasing coal production, the energy source with the largest health impacts and the worst consequences for climate change.

能源產量的即時缺口，就靠暫時增加煤炭產量來填補，而煤炭是健康影響最大、對氣候變遷後果最嚴重的能源。

A 2019 analysis concluded that as a consequence, the nuclear phaseout has led to 1,100 avoidable deaths per year in Germany due to the increased air pollution in the years after 2010.

2019年的一項分析結論指出，結果是，在2010年之後的幾年裡，由於空氣汙染增加，核能退場導致德國每年有1,100人可以避免死亡。

So, in conclusion, nuclear energy feels way more dangerous than it actually is.

所以總結來說，核能給人的感覺比實際危險多了。

No matter how you look at it, the one thing we should strive to get rid of as quickly as possible are fossil fuels.

不管怎麼看，我們都應該盡快擺脫的，就是化石燃料。

To prevent the deaths they cause each year and to slow down climate change.

為了阻止它們每年造成的死亡，以及減緩氣候變遷。

Regardless of how much you personally care about climate change issues or which energy source you favour, saving millions of lives should be something we can all agree on.

不論你個人有多關心氣候變遷議題，或是偏好哪種能源，挽救數百萬人的生命，應該是我們都能達成共識的目標。