Name: 烏克蘭如何抵禦「奧列什尼克」等彈道飛彈？| DW 新聞 (How is Ukraine defend itself against ballistic missiles like the Oreshnik? | DW News)
Uploaded: 2026-01-10T17:12:25.000Z
Duration: 10 min 8 s

We begin with Russia's most advanced weapon of war and its latest target.

我們先來看看俄羅斯最先進的武器，以及它最新的目標。

Russia launched a barrage of aerial attacks last night all across Ukraine.

俄羅斯昨晚在烏克蘭各地發動了一連串空襲。

There were hundreds of drones and dozens of missiles.

有數百架無人機和數十枚飛彈。

There was also the Russian military's new hypersonic Oreshnik missile used for only the second time since the invasion of Ukraine began almost four years ago.

還有俄羅斯軍方新推出的高超音速 Oreshnik 飛彈，這是自近四年前入侵烏克蘭以來第二次使用。

Now that is according to Russian state TV.

這是根據俄羅斯電視臺的說法。

Ukrainian officials say at least four people were killed and 25 wounded in Kyiv.

烏克蘭官員表示，基輔至少有四人死亡，25人受傷。

The attack knocked out power and damaged at least least 20 residential buildings in the capital.

這次攻擊導致首都至少20棟住宅大樓斷電並受損。

Ukraine's security service said it identified debris from a Russian or Russian missile in the western city of Lviv.

烏克蘭安全局表示，他們在西部城市利沃夫識別出俄羅斯或俄羅斯飛彈的殘骸。

DW's Rebecca Ritters, she is in Kiev for us tonight.

DW 的 Rebecca Ritters，她今晚在基輔為我們報導。

Rebecca, tell us about last night's attack in Kiev.

Rebecca，跟我們說說昨晚在基輔的攻擊情況。

Yeah, it was another incredibly long, loud and terrifying night here in the capital for residents of Kiev after what has been a relatively, and

沒錯，對基輔的居民來說，這又是首都一夜漫長、喧鬧又可怕的夜晚，因為今年年初相對來說，

I use that term very decidedly because of course, relative is a term in this, in this context, relatively quiet start to the year.

我之所以這麼說，是因為在這個脈絡下，「相對」這個詞，今年年初是相對平靜的。

We haven't seen an attack like this for a couple of weeks at least.

我們至少有兩個星期沒看到這樣的攻擊了。

And this was one of the biggest in recent times.

這是近期最大規模的一次攻擊。

Of course, you talk about all those shahed drones being pummeled here and of course cruise and ballistic missiles as well.

當然，你提到了所有在這裡被擊落的 Shahed 無人機，還有巡弋飛彈和彈道飛彈。

We were at one of the attack sites where a shahed drone hit and two people were killed.

我們在其中一個攻擊地點，那裡有一架 Shahed 無人機擊中，造成兩人死亡。

It was incredible to see the emergency services there working under such terrible conditions.

看到緊急服務人員在如此惡劣的條件下工作，真是令人難以置信。

I mean, the weather conditions alone are making it ever more difficult for people to kind of get to get in and help and try and help.

我的意思是，光是天氣條件就讓大家更難進入現場幫忙了。

There's thick snow cover and it's incredibly cold, Brent sub zero temperatures, especially at night.

大雪覆蓋，而且天氣非常寒冷，尤其是晚上，溫度在零下。

Four people, as you said, died in the capital.

正如你所說，首都已有四人死亡。

Another one was a medic and they died in what was known as a double tap attack where Ukraine attack and then attack again once the medics arrive.

另一位是醫護人員，他們在一種被稱為「雙重打擊」的攻擊中喪生，也就是烏克蘭先發動攻擊，然後在醫護人員抵達後再次攻擊。

So of course an incredibly horrible night here.

所以這絕對是一個令人難以置信的糟糕夜晚。

And as you mentioned, you know, at a time where we're talking about sub zero temperatures, you've got talking about power, water and heating cut in many homes across the city and indeed across the country.

而正如你提到的，你知道，在我們談論零下低溫的時候，你還得談論全市乃至全國許多家庭的電力、水和暖氣都被切斷。

I know of course, those temperatures we're seeing across Europe.

我知道，當然，歐洲各地都有我們看到的那些溫度。

But you know, people across Europe have electricity, have heating, have water.

但你知道，歐洲各地的人們都有電力、有暖氣、有水。

If you think about those people that might be near strike sites and also don't have windows, it's an incredibly, incredibly tense time.

如果你想到那些可能靠近襲擊地點、而且沒有窗戶的人，這是一個極度、極度緊張的時刻。

I know that Russia fired its hypersonic missile, the Reshnik, overnight.

我知道俄羅斯在隔夜發射了他們的高超音速飛彈 Oreshnik 飛彈。

We understand it was fired at A target near the border with NATO member Poland, near the western city of Lviv.

我們知道，它被發射到靠近北約成員國波蘭邊境、靠近西部城市利沃夫的目標。

Yeah, as you say, this was this Aristnic missile hit very, very much west in the western part of the country, near Poland.

是啊，就像你說的，這枚 Oreshnik 飛彈擊中了國家西部非常非常靠西的地方，靠近波蘭。

The images of the hit, it is very incredible.

擊中的畫面，真是令人難以置信。

Huge impact that could be felt right across that region and even in neighboring regions, people said they could feel that impact.

巨大的衝擊波傳遍了整個地區，甚至鄰近地區的人們都說他們感受到了衝擊。

It's really incredible that so far we've heard no reported deaths from the impact.

令人難以置信的是，到目前為止，我們沒有收到任何關於衝擊造成的死亡報告。

But some infrastructure hits, terrible infrastructure hit there.

但有些基礎設施被擊中，那裡有可怕的基礎設施損毀。

This was claimed by the Russian Ministry of Defense as a retaliation for what is largely thought as a false flag attack, that the Russians accused Ukraine of sending around 90 drones to attack one of President Putin's estates.

俄羅斯國防部聲稱這是對他們認為的假旗攻擊的報復，俄羅斯指控烏克蘭發送了約 90 架無人機攻擊普丁總統的一處莊園。

That has been flatly denied by the Ukrainians.

And also Washington agreeing, saying that no such attack happened.

華盛頓也同意，表示沒有發生這樣的攻擊。

But the Ministry of Defense in Russia is saying that that attack in western Ukraine was in retaliation.

不過俄羅斯國防部表示，烏克蘭西部的這次攻擊是報復行動。

You've got commentators saying that in fact it's in retaliation to potential boots, European boots on the ground, if there were to be a ceasefire here in Ukraine.

有評論員說，事實上這是對歐洲地面部隊潛在行動的報復，如果烏克蘭這裡停火的話。

So some differing angles, but definitely, you know, a warning sign.

所以有不同的觀點，但絕對是個警訊。

As you mentioned, it's only the second time that this Arashnik has been used in this war.

正如你所說，這是這枚Oreshnik飛彈在這場戰爭中第二次被使用。

The first time was last November in Dnipro and there were casualties and they were deaths from that attack.

第一次是在去年十一月在第聶伯羅，那次攻擊造成了傷亡和死亡。

So it's a really, really serious missile.

所以這是一枚非常、非常嚴重的飛彈。

And I should add to that it is capable to carry a nuclear warhead.

我還要補充一點，它能夠攜帶核彈頭。

Neither times that it's been used so far was it carrying such a warhead.

到目前為止，它被使用的兩次都沒有攜帶核彈頭。

But definitely a warning sign from Russia.

Yeah, a warning sign in the dead of winter.

On top of that, Rebecca Ritter's force in Kiev tonight.

另外，Rebecca Ritter 在基輔的部隊今晚有狀況。

All right, let's bring in military analyst Marina Moreau now from King's College London for more on last night's attack.

好的，現在請倫敦國王學院的軍事分析師 Marina Moreau 加入我們，來談談昨晚的攻擊。

Tell us a little bit more about the Reshnik ballistic missile that was fired at the western Lviv region in Ukraine and what kind of damage can it do?

請跟我們多說一點關於射向烏克蘭西部利沃夫地區的 Oreshnik 彈道飛彈，以及它能造成什麼樣的損害？

Well, we have seen the first use of a reshnik back in November 24th against Uzhmash.

嗯，我們在 11 月 24 日首次看到了 Oreshnik 的使用，當時是針對 Uzhmash。

And it's a hypersonic ballistic missile which is classified as an intermediate range missile.

它是一種高超音速彈道飛彈，被歸類為中程飛彈。

In short, what is interesting about this missile, this is something that the Soviets were working on and later the Russians with their Pioneer and later Ruberg and Yaris missiles.

簡而言之，這枚飛彈有趣的地方在於，這是蘇聯曾著手研發，後來俄羅斯也跟進，推出了 Pioneer 和後來的 Ruberg 和 Yaris 飛彈。

Basically, it has hypersonic speeds during the boost phase.

基本上，它在助推階段就具有高超音速。

So it places during the boost phase of the payload on the ballistic trajectory.

所以它在助推階段，酬載就會進入彈道軌跡。

And in space, it has a technology called multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle.

在太空中，它有一種叫做「多目標獨立再入載具」的技術。

So essentially, the body of this missile would be releasing warheads from space.

所以基本上，這枚飛彈的本體會從太空中釋放彈頭。

And according to reports, Reshnik has six warheads.

根據報導，Oreshnik 有六枚彈頭。

So the problem is you have one missile, but you have six warheads.

所以問題是，你只有一枚飛彈，但有六枚彈頭。

And reportedly, each of these six warheads also can have subordinates, up to six subordinates.

據說，這六枚彈頭中的每一枚，還可以搭載次級彈頭，最多六枚。

So you launch one missile and you can hit up to 36 targets.

所以你發射一枚飛彈，就可以打擊多達 36 個目標。

Russian President Putin, he has claimed that the Ereshnik has a destructive power similar to that of a nuclear weapon, even when armed with a conventional warhead.

俄羅斯總統普丁聲稱，即使 Oreshnik 搭載常規彈頭，其破壞力也與核武相當。

Well, I don't know about the kind of warheads that it can carry, but

嗯，我不知道它能搭載什麼樣的彈頭，但

certainly it can carry nuclear warheads, which is, of course, worrying.

它當然可以搭載核彈頭，這當然很令人擔憂。

If you think of even if one single missile is capable of striking six targets, that can do a lot of damage.

如果你想到，即使一枚飛彈就能打擊六個目標，那造成的破壞力就很大了。

And of course, the Ukrainian side, for instance, talks about dummy warheads, but

當然，烏克蘭方面，例如，他們談論的是假彈頭，但

even they can, because of kinetic energy, create enough damage, because, again, we're talking about one missile being capable of striking six targets almost simultaneously, which are widely dispersed, and

即使是假彈頭，因為動能，也能造成足夠的破壞，因為，我們又在談論一枚飛彈幾乎同時能打擊六個目標，而且這些目標分散得很廣，

therefore the areas that it can cover is very large.

Russia says that this missile was launched in retaliation against the alleged Ukrainian drone attack on Vladimir Putin's residence.

俄羅斯表示，這枚飛彈是在報復烏克蘭聲稱對普丁官邸發動的無人機攻擊後發射的。

俄羅斯在這裡想達成什麼目標？

Well, I think it's a confluence of factors here, because on the one hand, we have the alleged attack on Putin's residence.

嗯，我認為這是多種因素的結合，因為一方面，我們有對普丁官邸的所謂攻擊。

On the other hand, we have Russia losing its power in Venezuela and of course, the seizure of an oil tanker sailing under Russian flag.

另一方面，俄羅斯在委內瑞拉的影響力正在減弱，當然，還有一艘懸掛俄羅斯國旗的油輪被扣押。

To the NATO border, of course it is a message not just to Ukraine, because possibly whatever infrastructure has been struck.

當然，這不僅是向烏克蘭傳達訊息，因為可能被擊中的任何基礎設施，

Ukrainian side didn't specify what it was.

烏克蘭方面沒有具體說明是什麼。

Some say it was a gas storage, underground gas storage, as is talk about the drone factory.

有人說是地下天然氣儲存設施，也有人談論無人機工廠。

Either way, I don't think that Reshnik was needed to strike the target.

無論如何，我認為不需要 Oreshnik 飛彈來打擊目標。

And certainly this is a message not just to Ukraine, but

當然，這不僅是向烏克蘭傳達訊息，

it's a message to the United States and of course, to NATO countries, to Europe, European NATO countries which are considering deploying troops to Ukraine.

也是向美國傳達訊息，當然還有向北約國家、歐洲、考慮部署軍隊到烏克蘭的歐洲北約國家傳達訊息。

So it had a strategic and informational purpose, more than a military purpose, in my view.

所以，我認為它具有戰略和資訊傳播的目的，而非軍事目的。

And let me ask you, before we run out of time, how, if at all, how can Ukraine defend itself against ballistic missiles such as the Russian?

在我們時間結束之前，我想問你，烏克蘭如果可以的話，要如何防禦像俄羅斯這樣的彈道飛彈？

And the problem of defending against such missile, it has three phases.

而要防禦這類飛彈的問題，有三個階段。

So it has a boost phase, which is very short, and it travels at hypersonic speeds.

所以它有一個推進階段，時間很短，而且是以高超音速飛行。

Intercepting the missile before it gets outside the atmosphere is very unlikely.

在它離開大氣層之前攔截飛彈，機率非常低。

Plus, you would have to know the launch site, intercepting it in space.

另外，你必須知道發射地點，在太空中攔截它。

Again, not something you would have to strike it essentially in space.

再說一次，這不是你必須在太空中攔截它的情況。

The Star wars the post boost bus, before it releases the warheads.

星際大戰的推進後階段，在它釋放彈頭之前。

But you have to know when it releases the warheads.

但你必須知道它何時釋放彈頭。

And in the terminal phase, you have six targets.

So even if you intercept two of the six warheads, the strike is still successful.

所以即使你攔截了六個彈頭中的兩個，攻擊仍然成功。