Name: 笛卡爾--不再上當受騙 | 思辨哲學 (Descartes - Never Be Fooled Again | SKEPTIC PHILOSOPHY)
Uploaded: 2025-10-22T18:15:29.000Z
Duration: 5 min 31 s

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這個影片是由 Brilliant 贊助製作的，Brilliant 是一個讓數學和科學解難變得有趣又有收穫的網站。

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She's about to believe in a delusion and by doing so, she's about to cause a big problem for herself.

她即將相信一個妄想，而這麼做，她即將給自己惹上大麻煩。

In the middle of the night at 3:34am, Monica notices that her boyfriend's phone received a text message from a woman named Jen.

凌晨三點三十四分，莫妮卡發現她男友的手機收到一位名叫珍的女性傳來的簡訊。

Instantly, Monica starts thinking that her boyfriend Pat might be cheating on her because she heard a rumor in the past that he wasn't a very loyal guy.

瞬間，莫妮卡開始懷疑她的男友派特可能在出軌，因為她過去聽說過他不是個很忠誠的人。

This one thought takes root in her mind and starts forming others.

這個想法在她腦中生根，並開始衍生出其他想法。

He's probably been cheating on me for a while, she thinks.

她想，他大概已經跟我出軌一陣子了。

He's probably done it multiple times and who knows what else he's lying about.

他大概已經出軌好幾次了，誰知道他還在說什麼謊。

She goes on like this for a while, building a bigger and bigger story about what's going on, until finally, in the kitchen the next morning, she confronts him.

她這樣想了一陣子，編織出一個越來越大的故事，直到隔天早上在廚房，她終於對質他。

The text you got last night, that was from my cousin.

你昨晚收到的簡訊，是我表姊傳的。

And so at this point, because of her false certainty, because of her belief in a delusion, Monica had made a fool out of herself.

所以在這時候，因為她的虛假確信，因為她對妄想的信念，Monica 讓自己出糗了。

We can see how quickly one false idea multiplies into more false ideas leading to a foolish mistake.

我們可以看到一個錯誤的想法，如何快速地衍生出更多錯誤的想法，導致一個愚蠢的錯誤。

So what could Monica have done to prevent herself from being fooled in the first place?

那 Monica 一開始可以做些什麼來避免自己被騙呢？

Monica could have used Rene Descartes method of doubt.

Monica 可以使用雷內·笛卡兒的懷疑論方法。

Descartes method protects us from false certainty.

笛卡兒的懷疑論方法保護我們免於虛假確信。

It's pretty simple to use and it goes like this to determine if her belief is true.

這個方法非常簡單，而且判斷她的信念是否為真，方法如下。

Monica should begin by trying to doubt it.

Now did Monica have any possible reason to doubt the belief that her boyfriend was cheating on her?

那 Monica 有沒有任何可能的原因去懷疑她男友出軌的信念呢？

Maybe Jen was just someone from work, a family member or a friend.

也許 Jen 只是她同事、家人或朋友。

Either way, there were many possible reasons to doubt her belief.

不管怎樣，都有很多可能的原因可以去懷疑她的信念。

And according to Descartes method of doubt, if there's any possible reason to doubt a belief, we reserve our judgment about whether it's true or not until more evidence comes out.

根據笛卡兒的懷疑論方法，如果對一個信念有任何可能的懷疑理由，我們就會保留我們的判斷，直到有更多證據出來，才能確定它是否為真。

So according to this method, we only believe a thing is true if there is no possible reason to doubt it.

所以根據這個方法，只有在沒有任何懷疑理由的情況下，我們才會相信某件事是真的。

That's how we prevent false certainty and that's how we prevent ourselves from being fooled.

這就是我們如何避免虛假確信，以及如何避免被愚弄。

It's simple but incredibly effective once we understand and implement it.

這很簡單，但一旦我們理解並實施了它，就會非常有效。

And if Monica used Descartes method of doubt, she would have withheld her judgment about whether Pat was cheating in the first place because she did have possible reasons to doubt that that belief was true.

如果 Monica 運用笛卡兒的懷疑論方法，她一開始就不會暫緩她的判斷，去懷疑 Pat 是否出軌，因為她確實有理由懷疑這個信念的真實性。

She would have never made herself look like a fool.

她就不會讓自己看起來像個傻瓜。

So if anything has the possibility of being false, Descartes doesn't want to mistakenly assume it's true.

所以，如果任何事情有可能是錯的，笛卡兒就不想錯誤地認為它是對的。

He wants to stop false ideas from taking root in his mind and multiplying into more false ideas because he understands the danger of falling down that rabbit hole.

他想阻止錯誤的想法在腦中生根發芽，並滋生更多錯誤的想法，因為他明白掉進兔子洞的危險。

Now, let's take a look at a second example.

You're driving towards a green light, about to take a left.

你開車朝綠燈方向前進，準備左轉。

You see that another car is driving straight in the opposite direction.

你看到另一輛車正從對向筆直開來。

Do you slow down and stop or speed up and make the turn?

你要減速停車，還是加速轉彎？

The decision you make is going to depend on what you believe and how certain you are.

你做的決定，將取決於你的信念以及你有多確定。

Using the method of doubt, you believe that the other driver is going to stop.

運用懷疑論方法，你相信對方駕駛會停下來。

Is there any possible reason to doubt this belief?

有沒有任何可能的原因讓你懷疑這個信念？

Drivers frequently speed up and run yellow lights.

So according to the method of doubt, we should not be certain about our belief.

所以根據懷疑論方法，我們不應該對自己的信念感到確定。

So the best course of action is to slow down and stop, because we can't be certain whether the other driver will stop or not.

所以最好的做法是減速停車，因為我們無法確定對方駕駛是否會停下來。

The other driver speeds through the yellow light.

So, thanks to the method of doubt, you avoid making a foolish and dangerous mistake.

所以，多虧了懷疑論方法，你避免了一個愚蠢又危險的錯誤。

So how do we make sure we are never fooled?

那麼，我們要怎麼確保自己不會被騙呢？

By never believing something is true if we have any possible reasons to doubt it, which is known as the method of doubt.

就是當我們有任何可能的原因去懷疑某個信念時，我們就不要相信它是真的，這就是所謂的懷疑論方法。

And although it's a very simple method to use, it rarely is used because most people have a desire to confirm their beliefs rather than doubt them.

雖然這是一個非常簡單的方法，但很少有人使用，因為大多數人都渴望確認自己的信念，而不是去懷疑它們。

But by using the method of doubt, we can protect ourselves from the false certainty that leads to foolish and dangerous mistakes.

但透過使用懷疑論方法，我們可以保護自己免受虛假確信的影響，而這種虛假確信會導致愚蠢又危險的錯誤。

And if you're looking to cultivate your skills in science and math, I recommend checking out this week's sponsor, Brilliant.org through their course on scientific thinking, Brilliant taught me how to think more like a scientist.

如果你想培養科學和數學方面的技能，我推薦看看本週的贊助商 Brilliant.org，他們有關於科學思維的課程，Brilliant 教我如何更像科學家一樣思考。

In their course on scientific thinking, you'll learn to think like a scientist and make better predictions.

在他們的科學思維課程中，你會學到像科學家一樣思考，並做出更好的預測。

And you'll get to do it through Brilliant's signature fun and interactive style.

透過 Brilliant 獨特的趣味互動風格，你也能輕鬆學。

But if scientific thinking isn't your thing, Brilliant has thousands of other lessons with new exclusive content added each month for different areas of study, such as math, logic or computer science.

但如果科學思維不是你的菜，Brilliant 還有上千種其他課程，每個月都會為數學、邏輯或電腦科學等不同領域新增獨家內容。

To try everything Brilliant has to offer for free For a full 30 days, visit brilliant.org freedominthought or click on the link in the description below.

想免費體驗 Brilliant 所有內容 30 天，請到 brilliant.org freedominthought 或點擊下方說明欄的連結。

The first 200 of you will get 20% off Brilliant's annual premium subscription.

前 200 名觀眾還能享有 Brilliant 年度高級訂閱 8 折優惠。

As always, thanks for watching and I'll see you next time.

一如往常，感謝你的收看，我們下次見。

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笛卡爾--不再上當受騙 | 思辨哲學 (Descartes - Never Be Fooled Again | SKEPTIC PHILOSOPHY)

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