Name: 在 SPSS 中計算變量（SPSS 教程視頻 #3） (Computing Variables in SPSS (SPSS Tutorial Video #3))
Uploaded: 2025-09-16T21:16:29.000Z
Duration: 5 min 30 s

to 不定詞

I'm Jeff Gallick, and this is my series of tutorial videos on how to use SPSS to work with data.

我是 Jeff Gallick，這是我的系列教程視頻，介紹如何使用 SPSS 處理數據。

現在進行式

In this video, I'm going to show you how to use the compute function in SPSS to create new variables.

在本視頻中，我將向您演示如何使用 SPSS 中的計算函數來創建新變量。

As always, we'll be using the YouTube Viewing Habits survey that I created, and you can find both a link to the data file and a video tutorial of the data below.

我們將一如既往地使用我創建的 YouTube 觀看習慣調查，您可以在下面找到數據文件鏈接和數據視頻教程。

I have our data file open, and there are really two main ways to compute new variables.

我打開了數據文件，計算新變量主要有兩種方法。

One is using the menu options up here, Transform, Compute Variable, and the other is to do it with code, and I'll show you both options in just a moment.

一種方法是使用菜單選項 "變換"、"計算變量"，另一種方法是使用代碼，稍後我會向你展示這兩種方法。

Starting with Compute Variable, if you go up to the Transform window, Compute Variable, you get this dialog box.

從 "計算變量 "開始，進入 "變換 "窗口的 "計算變量"，就會出現這個對話框。

Think of this as an Excel-computed variable.

In this box right here, which says Target Variable, that's where we put the name of the thing we want to compute.

在這個寫著 "目標變量 "的方框中，我們輸入要計算的內容的名稱。

And in this case, I'm going to try and do something actually useful and compute an average of my five-item scale about general tendencies towards YouTube.

在這種情況下，我將嘗試做一些真正有用的事情，計算出我的五項量表的平均值，說明對 YouTube 的一般傾向。

So I'm going to call it something useful.

所以，我要給它起個有用的名字。

We're going to call it something like Average Opinion.

Importantly for the variable name, we can't use numbers or special characters to start things off, and we can't have spaces, so I use my underscore to define a space.

對於變量名來說，重要的是我們不能使用數字或特殊字符作為開頭，也不能使用空格，所以我使用下劃線來定義空格。

On the right side in this box, this is where we do all our computations, and they can be pretty sophisticated.

在這個方框的右側，是我們進行所有計算的地方，這些計算可以非常複雜。

You've got a whole bunch of different functions down here, and they're grouped into various subcategories.

下面有一大堆不同的功能，它們被抽成不同的子類別。

If you click on All, though, you'll see a population of many, many, many different options right here, and you can scroll down through those.

不過，如果你點擊 "全部"，你會看到這裡有很多很多不同的選項，你可以向下滾動瀏覽這些選項。

If you click on one, it actually gives you information about what that particular command does.

點擊其中一個命令，就會顯示該命令的相關資訊。

I'm going to do something very simple and compute an average.

我要做的事情很簡單，計算平均值。

To do that, we use the Mean function, and I can either type that in up in this window right here, M-E-A-N, or if I go into this function of special values, I can type in M-E-A-N, and it'll find it, and it'll show me how to use this particular command.

要做到這一點，我們要使用平均值函數，我可以在這個窗口中輸入 M-E-A-N，或者如果我進入特殊值函數，我可以輸入 M-E-A-N，它會找到它，並告訴我如何使用這個特殊命令。

To do this, I'm going to say Mean, open parentheses, and then, again, I can type in their names, but a whole lot easier is just to double-click them within this window.

要做到這一點，我要說的是 Mean，打開括號，然後，我可以再次輸入它們的名字，但更簡單的方法是在這個窗口中雙擊它們。

I'm going to include this option, and then I'm going to put a comma to separate those particular variables.

我將包含這個選項，然後用逗號分隔這些特定變量。

I'll put this next one, another comma, this next one, another comma, this next one, another comma, and then this next one finally, and then I have to close the parentheses.

下一個是逗號，再下一個是逗號，再下一個是逗號，再下一個是逗號，最後下一個是逗號。

If I have any errors in syntax, when I hit OK, I'll receive an error message.

如果我的文法有任何錯誤，當我點擊 "確定 "時，就會收到一條錯誤信息。

In this case, we should be fine, so I'll hit OK.

在這種情況下，我們應該沒問題，所以我會點擊 "確定"。

You can see that in the output window, the code that was run right here, Compute, and everything that follows is what created that new variable.

你可以在輸出窗口中看到，這裡運行的代碼 "計算 "和後面的所有內容都創建了新變量。

That new variable, by the way, is now at the very, very end of our dataset.

順便說一下，這個新變量現在位於數據集的最末端。

If we scroll all the way to the right, we now have a new variable called Average Opinion.

如果我們一直向右滾動，就會出現一個名為 "平均意見 "的新變量。

This is the average of those five variables that I had there.

You can get very sophisticated with different functions within Compute, but I'll leave that to you to explore for your particular need.

您可以在 Compute 中使用不同的功能，但這要留待您根據自己的特殊需要來探索。

One thing I do want to point out is if we go back to this Compute Variable window, there is an opportunity to use an if-then statement within this computation.

我想指出的一點是，如果我們回到 "計算變量 "窗口，就有機會在計算中使用 "if-then "語句。

If I only wanted to do this computation for some variables and not for all, I can click If, and it'll open up this secondary window, which allows me to create logical if-then statements.

如果我只想對某些變量而不是所有變量進行計算，我可以單擊 "如果"，然後就會打開這個輔助窗口，讓我創建邏輯 "如果-那麼 "語句。

This is something I'll cover in a different video when we talk about selection of different variables, but for now, just know that you can do selective computed variables.

我將在另一個視頻中介紹如何選擇不同的變量，但現在只需知道，你可以選擇性地計算變量。

One thing to note is that unlike Excel, where if you were to look into this variable, it would now tell you what the function was that generated that variable.

需要注意的一點是，與 Excel 不同，如果你要查看這個變量，它現在會告訴你生成該變量的函數是什麼。

There is no information to describe how this was generated.

沒有任何資訊可以說明這是如何產生的。

If we go to the Variable view, and we find this variable all the way at the bottom, it does not tell us at all how this was created.

如果我們進入 "變量 "視圖，在底部找到這個變量，它根本不會告訴我們這個變量是如何創建的。

It just tells us that this variable exists.

它只是告訴我們這個變量存在。

So a strategy that I like to use is if I create new variables, is to actually save the syntax that was used to create it in a script file, so that I can always recreate the variable or know where it came from.

是以，我喜歡使用的一種策略是，如果我創建了新變量，就將創建變量時使用的文法保存在腳本文件中，這樣我就可以隨時重新創建變量，或者知道它是從哪裡來的。

As a reminder, pretty much anywhere in SPSS, when you actually do something, like run an analysis or compute a new variable, you can save the syntax that was used.

需要提醒的是，在 SPSS 中的幾乎所有地方，當您實際操作時，如運行分析或計算新變量，您都可以保存所使用的文法。

讓我在這裡教你如何做到這一點。

If we go back to Transform, Compute Variable, you'll see this Paste button.

回到 "變換"、"計算變量"，你會看到 "粘貼 "按鈕。

That's the button that says, Save this code in the script window.

這就是 "在腳本窗口中保存此代碼 "的按鈕。

So if I click Paste, another window appears.

是以，如果我點擊粘貼，就會出現另一個窗口。

This is my SPSS Syntax Editor, and this is the code right here that was used to generate that variable.

這是我的 SPSS 文法編輯器，這是用來生成變量的代碼。

I can now save this file, so not only will I know how that variable was created, but I can also recreate that computation if I need to in another dataset.

現在我可以保存這個文件，這樣我不僅可以知道變量是如何創建的，還可以在需要時在另一個數據集中重新進行計算。

If I ever wanted to manually compute a new variable, I could just do that here.

如果我想手動計算一個新變量，就可以在這裡完成。

I would type out Compute, name the new variable, let's call it New Variable 1.

我會鍵入 "計算"，為新變量命名，就叫 "新變量 1"。

And then as soon as I hit equals, I get this very useful window that pops up that has all the different functions that I can use to create a variable.

然後，只要我點擊等號，就會彈出一個非常有用的窗口，裡面有我可以用來創建變量的所有不同函數。

If I wanted to add two variables together, that would be pretty easy.

如果我想把兩個變量相加，那就很容易了。

I would just type in, let's say, Variable 1 plus Variable 2.

And very importantly, in SPSS, to end your syntax, you have to end it with a period.

非常重要的是，在 SPSS 中，要結束文法，必須以句號結束。

To run it, you could actually just highlight this particular code, hit the green arrow, and it would run.

要運行它，你只需選中這段代碼，點擊綠色箭頭，它就會運行。

Unfortunately, in this case, I'm going to receive an error because there's no such thing as Variable 1 and Variable 2 in my dataset.

不幸的是，在這種情況下，我會收到一個錯誤，因為在我的數據集中沒有變量 1 和變量 2。

If there were, it would create that new variable.

So those are the two main ways to create a variable.

這就是創建變量的兩種主要方法。

Again, either using the Transform, Compute Variable window, or to do it manually with syntax.

同樣，您可以使用 "變換"、"計算變量 "窗口，或者使用文法手動操作。

I hope you found this useful, and if you have any questions, please comment below, and I'll be sure to reply as quickly as I can.

如果您有任何問題，請在下方評論，我一定會盡快回復。

Aside from these tutorials, I'm on a mission to equip everyone with the information they need to thrive in our data-rich world.

除了這些教程外，我的使命是讓每個人都掌握在數據豐富的世界中茁壯成長所需的資訊。

If you'd like to learn not just the mechanics of analysis, which these video tutorials focus on, but also learn the intuition behind the analysis you're performing, I strongly suggest you check out the other intuition-focused videos on this channel, where I take the jargon out of statistics and data science, and help you build a deep, intuitive understanding behind all the analysis that you're performing.

如果你不僅想學習這些視頻教程所關注的分析機制，還想學習分析背後的直覺，我強烈建議你查看本頻道其他以直覺為重點的視頻，在這些視頻中，我摒棄了統計學和數據科學中的專業術語，幫助你深入、直觀地理解正在進行的所有分析。

I'll put a link below to a playlist of videos that focus on just this.

我將在下面提供一個鏈接，鏈接到一個視頻播放列表，其中的重點就是這個。

Finally, please take a moment to like the video, subscribe to this channel, and click that little bell icon so that you don't miss out on any new content that I put out.

最後，請花點時間點贊視頻，訂閱本頻道，並點擊小鈴鐺圖標，這樣您就不會錯過我發佈的任何新內容。