Name: 保險業概述 - 保險產品 (Insurance Industry Overview - Insurance Products)
Uploaded: 2025-08-21T05:49:04.000Z
Duration: 4 min 39 s

基礎被動語態

This promise is detailed in a contract between the insured and the insurer called a policy, which defines which risks are included and excluded and what amounts will be paid if the risk event occurs.

被保險人與保險人之間的合同（即保單）詳細規定了這一承諾，保單規定了哪些風險包括在內，哪些風險不包括在內，以及如果風險事件發生，將支付多少金額。

情態助動詞 B1

There are hundreds of risks which individuals and businesses face which they may want insurance to protect them from.

個人和企業面臨著數以百計的風險，他們可能希望通過保險來防範這些風險。

The insurance industry groups these into three main categories, property and casualty, or P&C, life, and health.

保險業將其分為三大類，即財產和意外傷害保險（P&C）、人壽保險和健康保險。

P&C and health are sometimes referred to as non-life, and P&C specifically is also sometimes called general insurance.

P&C 和健康有時被稱為非壽險，而 P&C 有時也被稱為一般保險。

Property includes things owned, like cars and buildings, or a business.

財產包括擁有的物品，如汽車、建築物或企業。

Casualty, otherwise known as liability, covers your responsibilities to others, what you might have to pay because of something you did or failed to do.

意外險又稱責任險，涵蓋了您對他人的責任，即您可能需要為您所做或未做的事情付出代價。

If you hit another car, the damage to your car is an example of property, but the damage to the other car is liability.

如果你撞上了另一輛車，你的車受損屬於財產損失，而另一輛車受損則屬於責任損失。

The value of property is broadly fixed, so the maximum cost, or exposure, is defined in the policy.

財產的價值大致固定，是以保單中規定了最大成本或風險。

For casualty, the range of outcomes is unknowable.

就傷亡而言，結果的範圍是不可知的。

A car accident could cause no harm, or it could result in millions of dollars of damages.

一場車禍可能不會造成任何傷害，也可能造成數百萬美元的損失。

To manage their exposure, insurers usually set a limit on casualty insurance.

為了管理風險，保險公司通常會對意外傷害保險設定一個限額。

Although some property and casualty risks can be insured individually, most insurance policies include both.

雖然有些財產和意外風險可以單獨投保，但大多數保險單都包括這兩種風險。

There are two main segments, personal and commercial.

主要分為個人和商業兩個部分。

In personal, the two largest categories are home and motor or auto insurance.

在個人保險中，最大的兩類是房屋和汽車保險。

Within home, you may need owners, renters, or condominium insurance, each covering a different mix of property and liability risks.

在家中，您可能需要業主保險、租戶保險或公寓保險，每種保險涵蓋不同的財產和責任風險組合。

Similarly, with motor insurance, there are different policies for different combinations of risks.

同樣，汽車保險也有針對不同風險組合的不同保單。

To get additional protection for the amount above the liability limits in your auto or home insurance, you can buy an umbrella or excess liability policy.

為了獲得超出車險或房屋保險責任限額的額外保護，您可以購買一份傘式或超額責任保險。

And there are many other personal policy types, for example pet and travel insurance.

此外，還有許多其他類型的個人保險，例如寵物保險和旅行保險。

Buildings and motor risks appear again in commercial policies, as well as a whole range of risks specific to businesses.

商業保單中再次出現建築物和汽車風險，以及一系列企業特有的風險。

Property risks include a company's stock and assets, and also financial loss due to business interruption or customers not paying.

財產風險包括公司的庫存和資產，以及因業務中斷或客戶不付款而造成的經濟損失。

Under casualty, most service businesses need professional liability insurance, otherwise known as errors and omissions, or professional indemnity, to cover failure to deliver or damage caused.

在意外險項下，大多數服務企業都需要購買職業責任險（又稱錯誤與遺漏險或職業賠償險），為未能交付或造成的損失提供保障。

The exact risks differ by profession, so a policy for plumbers will be different to one for consultants.

不同職業的具體風險不同，是以水管工的保單與顧問的保單也不同。

Liability for your product causing harm is covered by product liability, while workers compensation covers responsibility for harm experienced by employees at work.

您的產品造成傷害的責任由產品責任承擔，而工傷賠償則對員工在工作中受到的傷害承擔責任。

Regulators, or business relationships like a lease or contract, may require businesses to have insurance, for example workers' compensation or professional liability.

監管機構或租賃或合同等商業關係可能會要求企業購買保險，例如工人賠償或職業責任保險。

Some further risks are covered by specialty policies.

還有一些風險由特殊保單承保。

Cover for these risks can be sold standalone, but are often packaged into single policies.

這些風險的保險可以單獨銷售，但通常被打包成單一保險。

A Standard Business Owners Policy, or BOP, in the U.S. includes basic risks for small businesses.

美國的標準企業主保單（BOP）包括小企業的基本風險。

Professions like lawyers and doctors with high-value, industry-specific risks have them packaged into their own specialist policies, as do companies in specialist sectors such as aviation and marine.

律師和醫生等行業的高價值、特定行業的風險，以及航空和海運等專業領域的公司的風險，都被打包到自己的專業保單中。

The insurance industry calls these different groups lines of business.

保險業將這些不同的群體稱為業務範圍。

This might refer to the overall group, for example personal lines, or the categories beneath them, for example home lines or motor lines.

這可能是指整個組別，如個人保險，也可能是指其下的類別，如住宅保險或汽車保險。

Most property claims happen within the year of the policy.

大多數財產索賠都發生在保單年度內。

A car accident or property damage is usually known immediately.

發生車禍或財產損失後，通常會立即知道。

責任索賠可能需要更長的時間。

For example, a product's impact on public health might not be identified for many years.

例如，一種產品對公眾健康的影響可能在許多年後才會被發現。

So, insurers will have a good idea by the end of the year how big the claims are for property risks.

是以，保險公司到年底就會對財產險的索賠額有多大心中有數。

For liability, the risk may, in theory, play out at any time in the future, but as each year passes, insurers can be increasingly confident about the size of any future claims they will need to pay out.

就責任險而言，理論上，風險可能在未來任何時候發生，但隨著時間的推移，保險公司對未來需要支付的索賠額會越來越有信心。

瞭解更多資訊，請訪問 www.cdc.gov.au