Name: 「羅賓漢效應」的劫富濟貧在現實中可行嗎？ (Milton Friedman's Theory: The Robin Hood Myth)
Uploaded: 2025-08-23T21:01:10.000Z
Duration: 3 min 42 s

Government programs benefit the poor at the expense of the rich.

政府計劃讓窮人受益，卻犧牲了富人的利益。

基礎被動語態

Those are the terms on which many public welfare programs are sold.

許多公共福利計劃就是以這些條件為基礎出售的。

程度副詞

The economist Milton Friedman doesn't think so and called this the Robin Hood myth.

經濟學家米爾頓-弗裡德曼卻不這麼認為，他稱之為 "羅賓漢神話"。

Friedman argued that instead of taking from the rich to help the poor, most welfare programs benefit the middle class at the expense of the very poor and the very rich.

弗裡德曼認為，大多數福利計劃不是取富濟貧，而是以非常貧窮和非常富有的人為代價，讓中產階級受益。

This happens because of a simple rule known as Director's Law.

之所以會出現這種情況，是因為有一條被稱為 "導演定律 "的簡單規則。

In a democratic system, laws are passed by 51% of the people voting one way against 49% of the people voting another.

在民主制度中，51%的人投一種票，49%的人投另一種票，就能通過法律。

You might think the bottom 51% will pass laws at the expense of the top 49%, but that's rarely the case.

你可能會認為，最底層的 51% 的人通過法律時會以犧牲最上層的 49% 的人的利益為代價，但事實很少如此。

Director's Law implies that the bottom 51% tend to not only be less fortunate, but also less likely to have the ability to organize themselves and be politically successful.

主任定律意味著，底層 51%的人不僅往往不那麼幸運，而且也不太可能有能力組織起來並在政治上取得成功。

The top 51% are able to use their power to control politics, but they are, by definition, also the most comfortable with how things are, and hence often the last to seek political change.

最上層的 51% 的人能夠利用他們的權力控制政治，但顧名思義，他們也是最安於現狀的人，是以往往最不願意尋求政治變革。

The most effective people in political activity are running from the lower middle class through the upper middle class.

政治活動中最有效率的人是從中下層到中上層。

They are the people who are literate, who write the news, who envy the very rich, and who seek political change.

他們是識字的人，是寫新聞的人，是羨慕富人的人，也是尋求政治變革的人。

One famous policy that runs throughout almost all democratic societies is state-financed higher education.

一項幾乎貫穿所有民主社會的著名政策就是國家資助高等教育。

It is sold on the grounds of providing equal opportunities to everybody to get an education.

它的賣點是為每個人提供平等的受教育機會。

Who are the people who are attending public universities?

It's usually people who come from the middle and upper class families.

Occasionally there is someone from a lower class family, but that's a small fraction.

偶爾也有來自下層家庭的人，但那只是一小部分。

Children from middle and upper class families often attend public education for the longest periods, gaining new skills and building strong networks that enable them to get higher paying jobs.

中產階級和上層階級家庭的孩子通常接受公立教育的時間最長，他們可以獲得新的技能並建立強大的人際網絡，從而獲得更高薪的工作。

The taxpayers pay for it, including parents from the bottom of the income distribution, whose children are unlikely to attend college, and in the rare instance that they do so, often drop out.

納稅人為此買單，包括收入分佈最底層的父母，他們的子女不可能上大學，即使上了大學，也往往會輟學。

Friedman called state-financed higher education a program to impose taxes on the people in Watts to send the children from Beverly Hills to college.

弗裡德曼稱國家資助的高等教育是一項向瓦茨區的居民徵稅，以送比佛利山莊的孩子上大學的計劃。

And if so, what's a good alternative to help create equal opportunities in a democracy?

如果是這樣，有什麼好的替代方案可以幫助在民主社會中創造平等機會？

Share your thoughts in the comments below, and read the description for more information about Friedman and our work. you To learn more, check one of our other videos.

請在下面的評論中分享您的想法，並閱讀說明，瞭解有關弗裡德曼和我們工作的更多資訊。 要了解更多資訊，請查看我們的其他視頻。

To support our work and change education, join us on patreon.com slash sprouts, or read more about us in the description.

要支持我們的工作並改變教育，請登錄 patreon.com slash sprouts 加入我們，或在描述中閱讀更多關於我們的資訊。