Name: 新加坡如何利用科學保持涼爽 (How Singapore Uses Science to Stay Cool)
Uploaded: 2025-07-30T10:07:12.000Z
Duration: 9 min 50 s

If you look at a thermal image of a city, and then compare that to a map of vegetation, you'll find that where there's greenery, the temperature is lower.

如果你查看一個城市的熱影像，然後將其與植被地圖進行比較，你會發現，有綠色植物的地方溫度較低。

轉承詞

That's because things like asphalt, concrete and shingled roofs absorb more heat from the sun than trees.

這是因為瀝青、混凝土和木瓦屋頂比樹木從太陽中吸收更多的熱量。

This is the urban heat island effect, and it accounts for higher temperatures in cities, often by several degrees compared with their surroundings.

這就是城市熱島效應，它導致城市氣溫升高，通常比周圍地區高出幾度。

It's becoming a huge risk to human health as growing urban populations exacerbate the heating effects of climate change.

隨著城市人口的不斷增長，氣候變化帶來的供暖效應日益加劇，人類健康正面臨著巨大的風險。

Heat waves kill more people than any other extreme weather event, more than tornadoes, hurricanes and even floods.

熱浪比任何其他極端天氣事件造成的死亡人數都多，超過龍捲風、颶風甚至洪水。

That's why urban heat island mitigation strategies are being studied in Singapore by a group of researchers.

是以，一組研究人員正在新加坡研究城市熱島緩解戰略。

The government-backed project called Cooling Singapore is now in the process of combining everything they've learnt to create a digital tool that can help cities all over the world.

這個由政府支持的項目名為 "冷卻新加坡"，目前正在將他們所學到的一切結合起來，創建一個可以幫助全世界城市的數字工具。

In Singapore, close to the equator, temperatures regularly rise above 32 degrees Celsius, or 90 degrees Fahrenheit.

新加坡靠近赤道，氣溫經常超過 32 攝氏度或華氏 90 度。

And the city structures only make it worse.

而城市結構只會讓情況變得更糟。

And that is also the case for Singapore, which is basically a concrete jungle, more urbanised, more developed city.

新加坡的情況也是如此，它基本上是一個水泥森林、城市化程度更高、更發達的城市。

And even in Singapore, what you have is a situation whereby there's a temperature difference of 7 degrees Celsius between the more urbanised and the more rural areas.

即使在新加坡，城市化地區和農村地區的氣溫也相差 7 攝氏度。

The government has taken drastic steps to keep temperatures down.

政府已採取嚴厲措施降低氣溫。

This is Gardens by the Bay, an award-winning park.

And inside this greenhouse is a pleasant 24 degrees.

溫室內的溫度為 24 度，非常舒適。

That's because the dome, along with two dozen nearby towers full of thousands of people, is chilled by what's probably the world's largest underground district cooling system.

這是因為穹頂和附近的二十幾個住滿數千人的大廈，都是由可能是世界上最大的地下區域冷卻系統冷卻的。

It uses a large central plant that cools water and then pipes it into banks, residential towers, an exhibition centre, shopping malls and the city's iconic Marina Bay Sands hotel and casino complex.

它使用一個大型中央工廠冷卻水，然後通過管道輸送到銀行、住宅樓、展覽中心、購物中心以及該市標誌性的濱海灣金沙酒店和賭場綜合體。

So one of the biggest perks of using this system for the buildings is that they can save 40% in terms of electricity usage, compared to your traditional air conditioners.

是以，與傳統空調相比，建築物使用這種系統的最大好處之一就是可以節省 40% 的用電量。

And with Singapore relying on natural gas for most of its power, this new system means emission savings equivalent to removing 10,000 cars from the city's roads.

由於新加坡的大部分電力都依賴於天然氣，這套新系統意味著可減少相當於從城市道路上移走 10,000 輛汽車的排放量。

That has big implications for the rest of the world.

這對世界其他地區有著重大影響。

If things stay as they are, more than a third of the world's electricity could end up being used to cool buildings and vehicles by 2050.

如果一切照舊，到 2050 年，全球三分之一以上的電力將被用於冷卻建築物和車輛。

As the world gets hotter, gets warmer, there is a greater need for air conditioning as well as refrigerators, for instance.

隨著世界變得越來越熱，對空調和冰箱等設備的需求也越來越大。

And the more people are buying these household appliances, the more energy usage they use and they release heat more, and that then exacerbates climate change.

人們購買的家用電器越多，使用的能源就越多，釋放的熱量也就越多，這就加劇了氣候變化。

And so since 2017, researchers at Cooling Singapore have been identifying design solutions that reduce our need for so much cool air in the first place.

是以，自 2017 年以來，新加坡製冷公司的研究人員一直在尋找設計解決方案，以減少我們對冷空氣的需求。

One thing many cities have in common, and that's the importance of vegetation.

許多城市都有一個共同點，那就是植被的重要性。

That's a very important measure to mitigate the urban heat because of the shading effect, of course, and the psychological effects of the vegetation, and also because of the possible evaporative cooling effect of the vegetation.

這是緩解城市熱量的一項非常重要的措施，當然，這是因為植被的遮陽效果和心理效應，還因為植被可能產生的蒸發冷卻效果。

Vegetation can be, of course, on the ground floor in the form of trees and shrubs, and you can walk under them.

當然，植被可以以樹木和灌木的形式出現在地面上，您可以在它們下面行走。

This is the so-called canopy layer that the vegetation forms above us.

這就是植被在我們頭頂形成的所謂樹冠層。

But vegetation can also go up the facades of buildings, and it can go to the roof of the buildings.

但植被也可以爬上建築物的外牆，也可以爬上建築物的屋頂。

Luckily, Singapore has been striving for the garden city feel for quite some time.

幸運的是，新加坡一直在努力營造花園城市的感覺。

It was a vision initially introduced by then Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew in 1967 to make life more pleasant for people, and today Singapore is one of the world's greenest cities in terms of urban vegetation.

這是 1967 年由時任總理李光耀提出的願景，目的是讓人們的生活更加愜意，如今，就城市植被而言，新加坡已成為世界上最綠色的城市之一。

Kampung Admiralty, a community centre that contains health facilities and social spaces, now provides more green space than the plot of land it was originally built on.

甘榜金鐘（Kampung Admiralty）是一個包含醫療設施和社交空間的社區中心，現在提供的綠地面積已經超過了它最初的佔地面積。

It's topped by a roofscape of staggered terraces covered in local plants, which functions as a community park, and a village green in the centre that contains farm plots for residents to tend to.

它的頂部是一個屋頂景觀，錯落有致的梯田上種植著當地植物，起到了社區公園的作用，中心的村莊綠地上還有一塊農田，供居民耕種。

Park Royal on Pickering was designed as a hotel in a garden that doubled the green-growing potential of its site.

位於皮克林的皇家公園酒店被設計成一座花園式酒店，使其所在地的綠色種植潛力翻了一番。

There's now 15,000 metres of sky gardens, reflecting pools, waterfalls, planter terraces and green walls, and the government has big plans as well.

現在，這裡有 15000 米長的空中花園、倒影池、瀑布、種植梯田和綠牆。

Singapore actually has a plan to plant one million trees and add more green spaces over the next ten years.

實際上，新加坡已經制定了一項計劃，要在未來十年內種植一百萬棵樹，並增加更多的綠地。

It is actually a mix of one thing to reduce the urban heat island effect, but on the other hand is also to get the people to be more connected to nature.

這實際上是一個混合體，一方面是為了減少城市熱島效應，另一方面也是為了讓人們更多地與大自然接觸。

The city-state has still been warming twice as quickly as the world average over the past six decades.

在過去的六十年裡，這座城邦的變暖速度仍然是世界平均水平的兩倍。

That's why Cooling Singapore has developed a catalogue of other potential heat mitigation measures.

是以，新加坡清涼協會制定了其他潛在的熱量緩解措施目錄。

When you try to mitigate your heat island effect in a city or in any building, in a village as well, the first place to start is by shading of the windows.

在城市或任何建築物中，以及在村莊中，當你試圖減輕熱島效應時，首先要做的就是遮擋窗戶。

You have to keep areas clear so that the wind can move through it.

你必須保持區域暢通，這樣風才能通過。

Water of a certain depth can act as a very good thermal buffer.

一定深度的水可以起到很好的熱緩衝作用。

If you have to construct heavy buildings such as high-rises, at least you can make the surface, the facade, less heavy, and you can protect it from direct sun penetration.

如果必須建造高樓大廈等重型建築，至少可以減輕外牆表面的重量，避免陽光直射。

You have to make sure that no combustion engines will be in the city, in the middle, in the medium to long-term range.

你必須確保在中長期範圍內，沒有內燃機出現在城市中。

So ideally the electricity production is outside of the city, and you bring just the clean electricity into the city.

是以，理想情況下，電力生產在城市之外，而你只需將清潔電力引入城市。

You can at least minimize the use of energy in the city, and you can start to slowly convert the roofs, the facades of the city, into production areas for renewable energy.

你至少可以最大限度地減少城市能源的使用，你可以開始慢慢地將屋頂、城市的外牆改造成可再生能源的生產區。

In Singapore, unfortunately, this is a limited option, but in the long run it could produce up to 20-25% of the energy, of the electricity needed in Singapore, if all the roofs and the areas in the buildings, on the buildings, on the facades would be used to do that.

遺憾的是，在新加坡，這種方法的應用範圍有限，但從長遠來看，如果所有的屋頂和建築物內、建築物上、建築物外牆的區域都能用於發電，那麼它所產生的電能將佔新加坡所需電能的 20%-25%。

With so many different ideas, Cooling Singapore is also designing a virtual model of the city to test them out.

有了這麼多不同的想法，Cooling Singapore 還設計了一個城市虛擬模型來測試這些想法。

It's called a Digital Urban Climate Twin, or DUCT, that will calculate how each element of the city's design will impact the urban heat island effect.

它被稱為 "數字城市氣候雙胞胎"（DUCT），可以計算出城市設計中的每個元素將如何影響城市熱島效應。

That means we model not only the geometry of the buildings digitally, but also we model the transportation, the insulation, the temperature, the radiation coming from the sun, the weather, the local weather, the local climate, the even very, very microclimate of the city, the water, the movement of people in the city.

這意味著，我們不僅要對建築物的幾何形狀進行數字建模，還要對交通、隔熱、溫度、太陽輻射、天氣、當地天氣、當地氣候、甚至城市非常非常微小的氣候、水、城市中的人員流動等進行建模。

We can invent scenarios, we can design scenarios, test them before we actually build them, and if they test very well, and we are sure that they will function, then we can start to build them and put them into reality.

我們可以發明情景，可以設計情景，在實際建造之前對其進行測試，如果測試結果非常好，而且我們確信它們能夠發揮作用，那麼我們就可以開始建造它們，並將其付諸實施。

Singapore will be using this new tool to figure out which actions it should take next.

新加坡將利用這一新工具來確定下一步應採取的行動。

And the model can be applied to any city, whether it needs to keep heat out or keep heat in, which will ultimately save energy, slow climate change and improve our quality of life.

該模型可應用於任何城市，不管是需要隔熱的城市還是需要保溫的城市，最終都能節約能源，減緩氣候變化，提高我們的生活品質。

So this is something that Singapore will be able to export, maybe even together with its city development systems that it already has.

是以，新加坡將能夠出口這種東西，甚至可能連同其已有的城市發展系統一起出口。

Singapore is one of the very few cities in the world that really combine this scientific approach with a very well-established urban redesign and urban design approach through its agencies and the combination of its agencies.

新加坡是世界上少數幾個通過其機構和機構組合，將這種科學方法與非常成熟的城市重新設計和城市設計方法真正結合起來的城市之一。

If it keeps following the scientific path and the combination with the other knowledge in the city already, we think that it will be a very comfortable and very livable city in the future, even more than today.

如果它繼續沿著科學的道路前進，並與城市中已有的其他知識相結合，我們認為，未來它將是一個非常舒適、非常宜居的城市，甚至比現在更加宜居。