Name: 歐盟-中國峰會：雙方都有什麼好處？| DW新聞 (EU-China Summit: What's in it for both sides? | DW News)
Uploaded: 2025-07-24T17:10:19.000Z
Duration: 12 min 59 s

過去完成式

Top European Union officials are in China marking 50 years of diplomatic ties as trade tensions between the two sides are growing. Despite the smiles EU chief Ursula von der Leyen told Chinese President Xi Jinping that they had reached an inflection point. She called for a rebalancing of Europe's historic trade deficit with China. There was some agreement though on both how Brussels and Beijing can both act to tackle climate change. Let's bring in Alicja

歐盟高級官員正在中國紀念中歐建交 50 週年，而雙方的貿易緊張局勢正在加劇。儘管面帶微笑，歐盟領導人烏爾蘇拉-馮德萊恩（Ursula von der Leyen）還是對中國國家主席習近平說，中歐關係已經到了一個拐點。她呼籲重新平衡歐洲對中國的歷史性貿易逆差。不過，在布魯塞爾和中國政府如何共同應對氣候變化的問題上，雙方還是達成了一些共識。讓我們有請 Alicja

Baszulska, policy fellow at the European Council on Foreign Relations in Warsaw.

華沙歐洲對外關係理事會政策研究員 Baszulska。

程度副詞

Now 50 years of ties between the EU and China overall. Has the relationship improved over the years? Well you know in retrospect it depends through what lens we're looking at the development of ties between the EU and China. If we're looking at it purely through the lens of economic cooperation and trade growth there has been a period in which China-EU relations were really kind of a rogue model for many entities around the world with multiple European countries and companies benefiting tremendously from the way China has become a global actor. But times have changed and at the moment we are probably at a historic low when it comes to the overall shape and atmosphere surrounding EU-China relations both in Beijing and in Brussels. Now what's the EU's problem here? Are there just too many different member states with different priorities for China to take it seriously? I think that if you look at the communication coming from Brussels especially from Ursula von der Leyen it's very clear that there has been a rethink of strategic challenges that are tied to

歐盟與中國的關係已經走過了 50 個年頭。這些年來，中歐關係是否有所改善？回過頭來看，這取決於我們從哪個角度來看待中歐關係的發展。如果我們純粹從經濟合作和貿易增長的角度來看，中歐關係曾有過一段時期，對於全球許多實體來說，中歐關係確實是一種無賴模式，多個歐洲國家和公司從中國成為全球行為體的方式中獲益匪淺。但時過境遷，就北京和布魯塞爾圍繞中歐關係的整體形態和氛圍而言，目前我們可能正處於歷史谷底。歐盟的問題出在哪裡？是不是有太多不同的成員國有著不同的優先事項，以至於中國無法認真對待？我認為，如果你看一下來自布魯

China's industrial and security policy and how these two types of policies and

中國的產業政策與安全政策，以及這兩類政策與

China's mindset in engaging with for example Russia in the context of the war in Ukraine have impacted the perception of China in Europe. So now we are definitely moving away from this cooperation paradigm and China is increasingly seen in many European capitals as an actor with both the ambitions and the capacity to actually have a very negative impact on European security and competitiveness. The whole debate about overcapacity, how China's industrial policy is impacting negatively European competitiveness, this is just a tip of the iceberg in which you know China is seen now as a very big challenge to Europeans. Now let's have a look at another stumbling block. Beijing has so far ignored European pleas to stop supporting Russia in its war in

中國在烏克蘭戰爭中與俄羅斯接觸的心態影響了歐洲對中國的看法。是以，現在我們肯定正在遠離這種合作模式，在許多歐洲國家的首都，中國越來越被視為一個既有野心又有能力對歐洲安全和競爭力產生非常負面影響的行為體。關於產能過剩、中國的產業政策如何對歐洲競爭力產生負面影響的爭論，這只是冰山一角，中國現在被視為對歐洲的巨大挑戰。現在讓我們來看看另一個絆腳石。迄今為止，中國政府對歐洲關於停止支持俄羅斯在敘利亞戰爭中的行動的請求置若罔聞。

Ukraine. The EU for its part slapped sanctions on two Chinese banks. What more can the EU do to reduce China's support for Russia? Well frankly the EU has to be very consistent in signaling that China-Russia relations are becoming a very serious, maybe not at this stage existential threat, but at least that the

烏克蘭。歐盟則對兩家中國銀行實施了制裁。歐盟還能做些什麼來減少中國對俄羅斯的支持？坦率地說，歐盟必須始終如一地發出信號，表明中俄關系正在成為一個非常嚴重的問題，也許現階段還不至於對兩國的生存構成威脅，但至少中俄關系正在成為一個非常嚴重的問題。

EU is taking this relationship very seriously and that across different

歐盟非常認真地對待這種關係，並在不同地區

European capitals decision makers are now seeing China-Russia cooperation as much more than only a marriage of convenience. But I'm afraid that at the same time, despite the fact that there is this growing awareness of how closely intertwined China and Russia are in terms of their strategic goals, there is a limited level of political ambition to seriously tackle this problem. And I guess that you know this is a question of the fact that Europeans have so many problems on their plates at the moment that it seems easier to brush off China as this much more distant threat, despite the fact that China and Russia relations are very important and having a tangible impact on the situation on the ground in Ukraine and in turn also on European security. And earlier our

歐洲各國首都的決策者們現在認為，中俄合作遠不止是權宜之計。但恐怕與此同時，儘管人們越來越意識到中俄兩國在戰略目標上的緊密聯繫，但認真解決這一問題的政治雄心卻很有限。我猜這是因為歐洲人目前有太多的問題要解決，所以似乎更容易把中國當作一個遙遠得多的威脅，儘管事實上中俄關系非常重要，對烏克蘭當地的局勢產生了切實的影響，進而也對歐洲安全產生了影響。我們早些時候

Taipei correspondent Yuxin Li told us what China hopes to achieve at the summit. So if we look at China's leader Xi Jinping's speech, you can see a lot of times he has mentioned a win-win situation. So basically Beijing is trying to present itself as a more reliable global trade partner compared with the

臺北記者李雨欣告訴我們中國希望在峰會上實現什麼。是以，如果我們看一下中國領導人習近平的講話，你會發現他多次提到雙贏。是以，基本上，中國政府正試圖將自己塑造成一個比美國更可靠的全球貿易伙伴。

United States. And he wants Brussels to join the effort to confront what it describes as a bullying measure from the United States. And all these methods have one purpose, that is to keep the European market open. But when it comes to trade imbalance, Beijing is unlikely to make any concrete compromise and to really tackle the problem of over capacity. And it doesn't really think state subsidy is a problem as EU has repeatedly raised an address to China. So basically they want the European market to be open but they don't want to make any big compromises. And one of the best tools they're going to use to kind of pressure the EU to make concessions first is to throw the dominance on rearers. So basically they want to use this leverage to see if the EU would like make concession first or soften its tone on

美國。他希望布魯塞爾也能加入進來，共同對抗美國的霸道措施。所有這些方法都有一個目的，那就是保持歐洲市場的開放。但在貿易失衡問題上，中國政府不太可能做出任何具體的妥協，也不可能真正解決產能過剩的問題。而且，它並不真正認為國家補貼是個問題，因為歐盟已多次向中國提出過這一問題。是以，從根本上說，他們希望歐洲市場開放，但又不想做出任何大的妥協。而他們用來向歐盟施壓，迫使其首先做出讓步的最好手段之一，就是向飼養者施加壓力。是以，他們基本上是想利用這個槓桿，看看歐盟是否願意首先做出讓步，或者在以下問題上放緩語氣

China's position on Ukraine. Okay and I'd like to discuss also another factor here because you know a lot of eyes right now are on Trump's tariff policy which is impacting both Europe and China. How is China hoping to exploit the difficult trade relationship between the EU and the US in this summit? Well apparently Beijing knows this is a high-stakes meeting for the European

中國在烏克蘭問題上的立場。好的，我還想討論另一個因素，因為你知道現在很多人都在關注特朗普的關稅政策，這對歐洲和中國都有影響。在這次峰會上，中國希望如何利用歐盟和美國之間艱難的貿易關係？很顯然，中國政府知道這是一次對歐洲利害攸關的會議。

Union and it sees the US tariff policy as a disrupted factor but the on the other hand it also sees this tense transatlantic relation as a great opportunity to kind of woo the European Union to its side. So basically Beijing entered this meeting, this summit, with an emboldened attitude. They decided to you know stand their ground. They are not going to make compromises. And why is that? Because that's what China did with the US. You know like they went with the US when Donald Trump has imposed a lot of tariffs on Chinese goods and they see it as a success to you know stay stand their ground when it comes to the US. So they would use this same playbook because they think it works and they will use it and apply it when they trying to make a deal with the

北京認為美國的關稅政策是一個干擾因素，但另一方面，北京也將這種緊張的跨大西洋關係視為向歐盟示好的絕佳機會。是以，北京基本上是帶著一種有恃無恐的態度參加這次會議、這次峰會的。他們決定堅持自己的立場。他們不會做出妥協。這是為什麼呢？因為中國對美國就是這麼做的。唐納德-特朗普（Donald Trump）對中國商品徵收大量關稅時，他們也是這麼做的。是以，他們會使用同樣的劇本，因為他們認為這很有效，當他們試圖與美國達成協議時，他們會使用和應用它。

European Union. And that's Yuchen Li joining us from Taipei. Thanks for your reporting. And joining us now is Anchal Fora with the view, the European view from Brussels. What are the EU leaders expectations at this summit? Well they're definitely not expecting China to stop supporting the Chinese companies which essentially allows Chinese companies to overproduce at lower prices and that is a long-term threat to European manufacturers because then these Chinese companies flood European market with these products. However at the summit today, EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen did expect China to open up its markets to European manufacturers. If you cannot stop providing subsidies to

歐盟。這是李雨辰從臺北發回的報道。感謝您的報道。現在加入我們的是 Anchal Fora，他將從布魯塞爾為我們帶來歐洲的觀點。歐盟領導人對此次峰會有何期待？他們肯定不會期望中國停止對中國公司的支持，因為這實質上允許中國公司以較低的價格過度生產，而這對歐洲製造商來說是一個長期威脅，因為這些中國公司會用這些產品充斥歐洲市場。不過，在今天的峰會上，歐盟委員會主席烏爾蘇拉-馮德萊恩確實期望中國向歐洲製造商開放市場。如果你們不能停止向

Chinese companies, her message seems to be allow European companies a bigger access in European markets. According to a recent report of a major think tank based here in Brussels, EU companies in China are not having a good time. They don't see their businesses being profitable. They want more market access that they're not getting. But the Chinese to that say, the Chinese companies are more competitive. Drop your prices, be more competitive if you want to sell more here. So the idea for the EU Commission President there and the Council

她向中國公司傳達的資訊似乎是允許歐洲公司在歐洲市場有更大的發展空間。根據布魯塞爾一家大型智庫的最新報告，歐盟企業在中國的日子並不好過。他們認為自己的企業無利可圖。他們希望獲得更多的市場準入，但他們卻沒有得到。但中國人卻說，中國公司更有競爭力。如果你們想在這裡賣得更多，就降低價格，提高競爭力。是以，歐盟委員會主席和理事會的想法是

President there is to try and convince the Chinese administration to give the

在那裡，總統的任務是努力說服中國政府給予

European companies more access if they also want to continue to sell products here. And it remains to be seen whether there's going to be some sort of a compromise there. The other important thing that's going to be discussed in the summit from the European perspective is access to rare earth minerals. Now the

如果歐洲公司還想繼續在這裡銷售產品，就需要更多的准入。至於是否會達成某種妥協，我們拭目以待。從歐洲的角度來看，峰會將討論的另一個重要問題是稀土礦的開採。現在

EU depends on China for 98% of the rare earth minerals that it needs, primarily for its defense industries, not just for other various industries as well. And there seem to be some room, at least initially, because the

歐盟所需的稀土礦98%依賴於中國，主要用於國防工業，而不僅僅是其他各行各業。而且似乎還有一些空間，至少在初期是這樣，因為

Chinese seem to be hinting that the restrictions that imposed on the export of rare earth minerals was intended for leverage for its own talks with the US and not essentially against the EU. But the Europeans here seem to believe that that is essentially a response to Europe imposing sanctions on some exports by

中方似乎在暗示，對稀土礦出口的限制旨在為其與美國的談判提供籌碼，本質上並非針對歐盟。但這裡的歐洲人似乎認為，這基本上是對歐洲對中國某些出口產品實施制裁的迴應。

China to Russia, which are dual use, which means for civilian and military purposes. So it remains to be seen if those restrictions are going to be lifted by China or not. What are the prospects for the EU improving relations with China? What could they cooperate on? Well, they can cooperate on climate change, and both sides do seem determined on that question. And considering that China is talking a lot about how the Chinese and the Europeans are holding free trade, world order and multilateralism, and they're doing that in opposition to the US to try and tell the EU that that's where the two blocks here, the EU and China, should cooperate against Washington. It seems that their

從中國到俄羅斯，這些武器具有雙重用途，即民用和軍用。是以，中國是否會取消這些限制還有待觀察。歐盟與中國改善關係的前景如何？他們可以在哪些方面進行合作？嗯，他們可以在氣候變化問題上合作，雙方在這個問題上似乎都下定了決心。考慮到中國正在大談中歐如何堅持自由貿易、世界秩序和多邊主義，他們這樣做是為了反對美國，試圖告訴歐盟，這就是歐盟和中國這兩大塊應該合作對抗華盛頓的地方。他們似乎

European side is keener to cooperate on climate change since Donald Trump has walked out of the Paris Agreement. So let's see for the summit conclusions.

自唐納德-特朗普退出《巴黎協定》以來，歐洲方面更加熱衷於在氣候變化問題上開展合作。讓我們拭目以待峰會的結論。

Let's see if something emerges on that front. Anchal Vora in Brussels. Thank you.

讓我們拭目以待這方面的進展。安查爾-沃拉（Anchal Vora）在布魯塞爾。謝謝。

China is the EU's second largest trading partner, but in recent months, that side of their relationship has been far from easy.

中國是歐盟的第二大貿易伙伴，但近幾個月來，中歐關係遠非一帆風順。

Since October of last year, Chinese electric cars imported into the European

自去年 10 月起，中國電動汽車開始進入歐洲市場。

Union have been hit with tariffs anywhere from 27 to 45 percent. Beijing opposes the levies and the fact that Chinese companies face restrictions when participating in EU energy initiatives. Meanwhile, Europe is dealing with its own trade challenges, like restrictions on exporting rare earths from China. In general, EU firms feel the playing field is unfair. Two Chinese banks were recently hit with EU sanctions for allegedly cooperating with Russia.

歐盟被徵收 27% 至 45% 的關稅。中國政府反對徵稅，也反對中國公司在參與歐盟能源計劃時受到限制。與此同時，歐洲也在應對自己的貿易挑戰，比如對從中國出口稀土的限制。總體而言，歐盟企業認為競爭環境不公平。最近，兩家中國銀行因涉嫌與俄羅斯合作而受到歐盟制裁。

Apparently, the EU wanted to send a clear message that they're serious about concerns over China's support for Russia, whether direct or indirect. They've made their stance known. Now it'll be interesting to see how China responds to this.

顯然，歐盟希望傳達一個明確的資訊，即他們對中國直接或間接支持俄羅斯的擔憂是認真的。他們已經表明了自己的立場。現在，看看中國如何迴應將是一件有趣的事。

The biggest concern, from Europe's perspective, is trade balance. While

從歐洲的角度來看，最大的擔憂是貿易平衡。雖然

China continues to expand its exports, European exports to China are stagnating. The result? Europe's trade deficit with China is growing.

中國繼續擴大出口，歐洲對華出口卻停滯不前。結果如何？歐洲對華貿易逆差不斷擴大。

Europe saw China opening its borders further, offering opportunities to invest and sell. What many didn't anticipate, or weren't fully prepared for, was that China would be the first country to open its borders.

歐洲看到中國進一步開放邊境，提供了投資和銷售的機會。但許多人沒有預料到或沒有做好充分準備的是，中國將成為第一個開放邊境的國家。

China would leverage its accession to the WTO in 2001 to gain access to other markets, and at the same time work hard to become more competitive.

中國將利用 2001 年加入世貿組織的機會進入其他市場，同時努力提高競爭力。

This is especially true for the automotive and pharmaceutical industries, two important sectors for the European economy. Chinese companies are no longer allowed to participate in large tenders for medical supplies, and EU firms face similar restrictions in China.

對於歐洲經濟的兩個重要行業--汽車業和製藥業來說，情況尤其如此。中國公司不再被允許參與大型醫療用品招標，而歐盟公司在中國也面臨著類似的限制。

Trust is currently missing between the two sides. That's a fundamental issue that can only be rebuilt through negotiations and must lead to concrete action. The deeply intertwined economic relationship between

目前，雙方之間缺乏信任。這是一個根本問題，只有通過談判才能重建，而且必須採取具體行動。兩國之間的經濟關係盤根錯節

Europe and China makes outright escalation tricky, and not without consequence for both powers. But easing tensions is complicated. China is both a competitor to Europe and a strategic rival.

歐洲和中國之間的緊張局勢直接升級非常棘手，而且對兩國都不無影響。但緩和緊張局勢是複雜的。中國既是歐洲的競爭對手，也是其戰略對手。