Name: 個人財務英語詞彙 - assets, equity, collateral... (English Vocabulary for Personal Finances – assets, equity, collateral...)
Uploaded: 2025-06-17T18:25:32.000Z
Duration: 16 min 7 s

祈使句型

Hi, welcome back to www.engvid.com, I'm Adam.

嗨，歡迎回到 www.engvid.com，我是亞當。

to 不定詞

In today's video, I want to help you basically take care of your money, okay, very, very important topic today.

在今天的視頻中，我想幫你從根本上管理好你的錢，好吧，今天非常非常重要的話題。

現在進行式

So, what we're going to look at are some things, some terms and some expressions that you need to understand before you speak to a financial advisor, okay?

是以，在與財務顧問交談之前，我們要了解一些事情、一些術語和一些表達方式，好嗎？

And that's what we're going to look at here.

A financial advisor is a person who supposedly knows how you should spend your money, save your money, invest your money, basically how to keep yourself comfortable and safe for the long term, in the future, okay?

財務顧問應該知道如何花錢、如何存錢、如何投資，基本上就是如何讓自己在未來的長期生活中保持舒適和安全，明白嗎？

Because it's becoming more and more expensive to live in big cities, especially, and you need to know how far you can stretch your dollar.

因為大城市的生活成本越來越高，尤其是在大城市，你需要知道自己的錢能花到什麼程度。

Stretch your dollar basically means how much value you can get out of every dollar that you earn, okay?

拉伸你的美元基本上是指你能從你賺到的每一美元中獲得多少價值，好嗎？

Now, again, just a quick warning, all I'm doing here is giving you some vocabulary, but it's up to you to do the research and to know your personal situation very well so that you know how to basically take care of your money and take care of your future, okay?

現在，我再次提醒大家，我在這裡所做的只是給大家提供一些詞彙，但這要靠大家自己去研究，要非常瞭解自己的個人情況，這樣才能知道如何從根本上照顧好自己的錢，照顧好自己的未來，好嗎？

So, the main focus here is what we want to do is we want to avoid bankruptcy.

是以，我們要做的主要是避免破產。

Bankruptcy, when you file for bankruptcy, file for bankruptcy, means you're telling the government or you're telling the bank or you're telling the people that you owe money to that you don't have any money, okay?

破產，當你申請破產，申請破產，意味著你告訴政府，你告訴銀行，你告訴欠你錢的人，你沒有錢了，好嗎？

Now, a lot of people use bankruptcy as a last resort, as a last option when they just can't make payments on their bills.

現在，很多人把破產作為最後的手段，作為無法支付賬單時的最後選擇。

Bankruptcy is a very bad thing to have on your financial history because companies or banks won't lend you money, they won't sell you a house, they won't sell you a car unless you pay the full amount.

破產對你的財務記錄非常不利，因為除非你全額還款，否則公司或銀行不會借錢給你、不會賣房給你、不會賣車給你。

So, you want to try to avoid bankruptcy as much as possible.

So, the DG just sounds like a J, budget, and the E sounds like an I.

是以，DG 聽起來像 J，預算，而 E 聽起來像 I。

So, what you're doing with a budget is you're taking your fixed income, this is the amount of money that you're going to get every week or every month, and it's not going to change.

是以，預算的作用就是確定你的固定收入，這是你每週或每月都會得到的錢，而且不會改變。

For example, if you work at a company and that's the only income you have, then every month your income will be exactly the same.

例如，如果你在一家公司工作，這是你唯一的收入，那麼你每個月的收入就會完全相同。

So, you take this fixed income and you have to cut it into pieces of how you're going to spend it.

是以，你要把這筆固定收入切成一塊一塊的，然後再決定怎麼花。

You're going to pay taxes, you're going to pay your insurance bill, you're going to pay your rent if you're renting, or your mortgage payments if you bought a house.

你要交稅，你要付保險費，如果你租房，你要付房租，如果你買房，你要付按揭貸款。

You're going to pay all your bills, and then when you're finished paying all the things that you have to pay, what is left for you to spend on food, or entertainment, or travel is called your disposable income.

你要支付所有賬單，然後當你支付完所有必須支付的費用後，剩下的錢就可以花在食物、娛樂或旅行上，這就是你的可支配收入。

基本上，你可以用它來做任何事情。

It's not necessary for you to pay anybody or anything with it, right?

你沒有必要用它來支付任何人或任何東西，對嗎？

Your savings come from disposable income, but it's up to you how you spend it.

您的儲蓄來自可支配收入，但如何使用這些收入取決於您。

What you want to avoid is an impulse buy or impulse shopping.

你要避免的是衝動購買或衝動購物。

Impulse shopping is, for example, you go into a store and you didn't plan on buying anything that day, but you see something, oh, that's really nice.

例如，衝動購物是指，你走進一家商店，本來那天沒打算買任何東西，但你看到一件東西，哦，真不錯。

You see a watch, you see a shirt, something that you don't need, you didn't think to buy, but you saw it and suddenly you decide, okay, I want that, and you go and you buy it.

你看到一塊手錶，你看到一件襯衫，一些你並不需要的東西，你沒想到要買，但你看到了，突然你決定，好吧，我想要這個，然後你就去買了。

Impulse shopping or impulse buys are the things that most people get themselves into financial trouble with, okay?

衝動購物或衝動購買是大多數人陷入財務困境的原因，好嗎？

A lot of your debt is going to come from impulse shopping, so avoid that, but debt is a big issue.

你的很多債務都來自衝動購物，所以要避免衝動購物，但債務是個大問題。

Now, notice I don't pronounce the B, it's not debt, debt, D-E-T sound, debt.

注意，我沒有發B的音，不是debt，debt，D-E-T音，debt。

Your debt is part of your consideration when you're making your budget.

在編制預算時，您的債務也是考慮因素之一。

You have to think about paying all your bills, and your bills include the money that you owe, your debts.

你必須考慮支付所有賬單，而賬單包括你欠的錢，你的債務。

Maybe you took out a loan, actually that's took out or take out a loan, and you have to pay that back.

也許你貸了款，實際上是借了款或貸了款，你必須還錢。

Not only do you have to pay back the money that you borrowed, you also have to pay back interest, and I'll talk more about that when I talk about mortgage.

你不僅要償還借來的錢，還要償還利息，我會在談到抵押貸款時再詳細談談這個問題。

When you did your tax return, okay, in Canada and in most countries every year, you have to file, and again, we're using file, your tax return with the government.

在加拿大和大多數國家，你每年都要向政府提交報稅表，我們還是用 "提交 "這個詞。

Now, if you paid too much taxes, the government will give you money back.

現在，如果你交了太多的稅，政府會把錢退還給你。

If you didn't pay enough, you have to pay them at the end of the year, however much you owe them, so that's another part of debt.

如果你付的錢不夠，不管你欠他們多少錢，你都必須在年底付給他們，所以這是債務的另一部分。

What you want to make sure you avoid is defaulting on any debt, defaulting on any loan or payment.

你要確保避免拖欠任何債務、拖欠任何貸款或付款。

If you default, it means that you missed a payment, you missed the deadline to pay back, and then you have to pay penalties, and penalties just take away more of your money, okay?

如果你違約，就意味著你錯過了付款時間，錯過了還款期限，然後你就必須支付罰金，而罰金只會拿走你更多的錢，明白嗎？

So, you want to avoid defaulting, and essentially bankruptcy is when you've basically defaulted on everything, and you can't pay back your bills, and you have to claim bankruptcy.

所以，你要避免拖欠，而破產基本上就是當你拖欠了所有款項，無法償還賬單時，你不得不申請破產。

Now, another thing you have to consider are your assets and your liabilities.

現在，您必須考慮的另一件事是您的資產和負債。

Your assets are all the things that have value.

你的資產就是所有有價值的東西。

Anything that brings you money or is worth money is an asset.

任何能給你帶來錢或值錢的東西都是資產。

Liabilities are anything that costs you money or might cost you money in the future.

負債是指任何讓你花錢或將來可能讓你花錢的東西。

So, anything that has a risk of costing you money is a liability.

是以，任何有可能讓你賠錢的東西都是負債。

So, any loan, any payments you have to make, any interest you have to pay, these are all liabilities.

是以，任何貸款、任何必須支付的款項、任何必須支付的利息，這些都是負債。

So, let's say, for example, you bought a car.

The car itself is worth something, so the car itself is an asset, but you bought the car with financing.

汽車本身是有價值的，所以汽車本身也是資產，但你是用貸款買的車。

It means you're paying back the dealership, and you're paying interest.

這意味著你要還車行錢，而且要付利息。

That interest is a liability, and all the things...

利息是一種負擔，而所有的事情......

All the money that you still owe are liabilities.

So, risk management is a very important part of financial planning or personal finances, okay?

是以，風險管理是財務規劃或個人財務的一個非常重要的部分，好嗎？

So, you have to keep these things in mind.

Now, a lot of people, and as you get older, this becomes more and more relevant, you should have an investment portfolio.

現在，很多人，隨著年齡的增長，這一點變得越來越重要，你應該有一個投資組合。

Your portfolio essentially is your collection of investments.

您的投資組合本質上就是您的投資集合。

You can invest in the stock market if you know what you're doing, because it can be very risky.

如果你知道自己在做什麼，就可以投資股票市場，因為它可能風險很大。

A term deposit means you give your money to the bank, and you tell the bank, okay, you can hold this money for five years, and the bank pays you interest.

定期存款是指你把錢交給銀行，然後告訴銀行，好吧，你可以把這筆錢存五年，銀行會付給你利息。

But again, these days, it doesn't really make much sense to leave your money in the bank, because the interest you receive is very little, and it's less than the inflation.

但同樣，如今把錢存在銀行並沒有什麼意義，因為你得到的利息很少，而且比通貨膨脹率還低。

So, you're actually still losing money if you do that, so be careful about that.

是以，如果你這樣做，實際上還是在賠錢，所以一定要小心。

Now, another...  Another investment that's very popular still is gold.

現在，另一種...  另一項仍然很受歡迎的投資是黃金。

If you want to buy gold and hope it goes up in value, that's one thing.

如果你想買黃金，希望它升值，那是一回事。

Every time you invest in something, and you either make money or you lose money, that amount that you gained or the amount that you lost is called a capital gain or a capital loss.

每次投資，要麼賺錢，要麼虧錢，賺到的錢或虧掉的錢都被稱為資本收益或資本損失。

If you make gains, if your investment went up in value, the difference between what you invested and what the value is today, that capital gains, you have to pay tax on.

如果您獲得收益，如果您的投資升值，您的投資額與現在的價值之間的差額，即資本收益，您必須繳稅。

So, keep in mind, if you made $10,000 in gains, you don't actually keep $10,000, you have to give some to the government, so take that into consideration as well.

是以，請記住，如果您獲得了 10,000 美元的收益，您實際上並沒有保留 10,000 美元，您必須將一部分交給政府，是以也要考慮到這一點。

Now, everybody, and again, as you get older, this becomes more and more relevant, retiring...

現在，各位，隨著年齡的增長，這一點變得越來越重要，退休......

Like, retirement is a very expensive part of life, because there's no more income coming in, only expenses going out.

比如，退休是人生中非常昂貴的一部分，因為沒有更多的收入進來，只有支出出去。

So, make sure you have retirement savings plan.

是以，請確保您有退休儲蓄計劃。

You have some sort of plan to have money when you retire, when you're no longer working.

當你退休時，當你不再工作時，你有某種計劃來擁有錢。

In Canada, we have something called an RRSP.

在加拿大，我們有一種叫做 RRSP 的東西。

This is an account you have at the bank, and every year, you can put a certain amount of money into that account, and you don't pay taxes on it that year.

這是您在銀行開設的一個賬戶，每年您可以向該賬戶存入一定數額的資金，當年無需繳稅。

When you're older, when you're 65 or older, and you start taking money out of this account, then you pay income tax on that money.

當你年老時，即 65 歲或以上時，你開始從這個賬戶中取錢，那麼你就要為這筆錢繳納所得稅。

So, you're not making other income, you're only making this income, so it's a little bit less tax, so it makes sense.

所以，你不賺其他收入，只賺這部分收入，所以少交一點稅，這樣就說得通了。

You don't have to do it, not everybody does it, but it's probably a good idea.

你不必這麼做，不是每個人都這麼做，但這也許是個好主意。

I don't know the exact details, because I'm Canadian, so I know the RSPs, but I think it's more or less the same idea.

我不知道確切的細節，因為我是加拿大人，所以我知道 RSP，但我認為這或多或少是一個相同的想法。

So, if you're thinking about retirement, the younger you start, the more you'll save for retirement.

是以，如果您正在考慮退休問題，越年輕開始，您為退休儲蓄的資金就越多。

Now, another part of assets, or another part of building financial wealth, or at least financial stability.

現在，資產的另一部分，或者說建立金融財富的另一部分，至少是金融穩定的另一部分。

Stability means you're not worried, everything is okay, it's safe, you have...

穩定意味著你不擔心，一切都很好，很安全，你有...

You know how much money you're going to have each month, each year, so you're comfortable.

你知道自己每個月、每一年會有多少錢，這樣你就能安心。

But what you want to do is you want to start building equity.

但你要做的是，你要開始積累資產。

If you own a house, the value of that house is part of your equity.

如果您擁有一棟房子，房子的價值就是您資產的一部分。

The more equity you have, the more money, essentially, that you have.

從本質上講，資產越多，錢就越多。

And it's not only going to be cash, it's not only going to be your paycheck, it's also the things you invested in, it's all part of your equity.

這不僅是現金，不僅是你的工資，還有你投資的東西，都是你資產的一部分。

What you also want to do, if you ever want to get a loan, you want to have collateral.

你還想做的是，如果你想獲得貸款，你要有抵押物。

Collateral is something that you can put as a side, something that guarantees the loan.

抵押品是您可以作為抵押的東西，是貸款的保證。

So, if I want to buy a condominium, and I already own a house, any bank will be very happy to give me a mortgage on the condominium, because they know that if I can't pay back my bills for the condominium, they just take my house and pay for it that way.

是以，如果我想買一套公寓，而我已經有了一套房子，任何銀行都會非常樂意給我提供公寓的抵押貸款，因為他們知道，如果我無法償還公寓的賬單，他們就會拿走我的房子，用這種方式來償還。

So, it's good to have collateral in order to get more loans.

是以，有抵押物才能獲得更多貸款。