Name: 中國如何設計抗洪城市 (How China is designing flood-resistant cities)
Uploaded: 2025-06-09T22:45:27.000Z
Duration: 6 min 50 s

程度副詞

This isn't a forest. Not really. It's actually an urban park in the densely populated city of Nanchang, China, filled with birds, native trees, and volcanic rock on 137 acres of urban land. It's called a sponge city, and it's a type of natural infrastructure that architects around the world are designing to help us combat and withstand a changing climate. So what does it mean for a city to become spongy?

這裡不是森林。並不是。它實際上是中國南昌人口稠密城市中的一個城市公園，在 137 英畝的城市土地上充滿了鳥類、在地樹木和火山岩。它被稱為海綿城市，是世界各地的建築師正在設計的一種自然基礎設施，可以幫助我們應對和抵禦不斷變化的氣候。那麼，海綿城市意味著什麼呢？

基礎被動語態

This video is presented by Delta Airlines.

Today, like everywhere else on the globe, cities are feeling the effects of climate change, and they often don't have the right infrastructure to help them survive its impacts.

如今，與全球其他地方一樣，城市也感受到了氣候變化的影響，但它們往往沒有合適的基礎設施來幫助它們抵禦氣候變化的影響。

Some neighborhoods in Houston don't have enough trees to provide shade and relief from rising temperatures. Meanwhile, rising sea levels threaten coastal cities, like Mumbai and Seoul, that don't often have the infrastructure to handle more frequent flooding. This is only made worse by the fact that cities are covered with pavement and other surfaces that can't absorb water.

休斯頓的一些社區沒有足夠的樹木來提供樹蔭和緩解氣溫上升的影響。與此同時，海平面上升威脅著孟買和首爾等沿海城市，這些城市通常沒有基礎設施來應對更加頻繁的洪水。城市裡鋪設的人行道和其他表面無法吸水，這隻會讓情況變得更糟。

Urbanization changes habitats. So when you build on a place, it removes vegetation, it removes hydrologies.

城市化改變了棲息地。是以，當你在一個地方進行建設時，植被會被移走，水文也會被移走。

That's Dr. Charlie Nylon. He told me that cities play a complicated role in the climate crisis, especially when it comes to maintaining biodiversity.

他就是查理-尼倫博士。他告訴我，城市在氣候危機中扮演著複雜的角色，尤其是在維護生物多樣性方面。

Biodiversity is, simply put, the total number of plants and animals that occur someplace.

簡單地說，生物多樣性就是某個地方出現的植物和動物的總數。

Biodiversity is one of our main support systems for human life on Earth. We rely on natural ecosystems full of diverse plants, animals, and organisms for essential things like clean water, food, and medicine. And biodiversity is critical to defending the Earth against climate change. We need healthy forests to absorb carbon dioxide from the air, and enough native plants for pollinators to help crops flourish.

生物多樣性是地球上人類生活的主要支持系統之一。我們依賴充滿各種植物、動物和生物的自然生態系統來獲取清潔水、食物和藥物等必需品。生物多樣性對於保護地球免受氣候變化的影響至關重要。我們需要健康的森林來吸收空氣中的二氧化碳，也需要足夠的在地植物供授粉者幫助農作物生長。

But studies show that as urban expansion continues, it can drive habitat losses that directly put some species in danger, profoundly impacting global biodiversity.

但研究表明，隨著城市不斷擴張，會導致棲息地減少，直接危及一些物種，對全球生物多樣性產生深遠影響。

Cities have a big impact on what happens locally. Cities capture a significant number of plant and animal species, which are native. So that even in cities, there's a significant amount of biodiversity.

城市對當地的情況有很大影響。城市捕獲了大量在地動植物物種。是以，即使在城市中，也有大量的生物多樣性。

Which means they can play a role in saving these local plant and animal species.

這意味著他們可以在拯救這些在地動植物物種方面發揮作用。

The really important thing to think about is not so much how urbanization reduces biodiversity, but really how in cities you can conserve biodiversity.

真正需要思考的不是城市化如何減少生物多樣性，而是如何在城市中保護生物多樣性。

One way to do this is by creating environments where nature can flourish. Environments that can also help cities soak up excess water. And that's where sponge cities come in.

其中一個方法就是創造自然繁榮的環境。這種環境還能幫助城市吸收多餘的水。這就是海綿城市的由來。

In 2015, China launched a sponge city pilot program in 30 cities across the country. The goal of the program was to coordinate and promote the construction of sponge cities, which would improve urban drainage and flood prevention, and create a diverse biological environment.

2015 年，中國在全國 30 個城市啟動了海綿城市試點項目。該計劃的目標是協調推進海綿城市建設，改善城市排水防澇狀況，營造多樣化的生物環境。

Architects did this by supplementing the existing gray infrastructure that relied on concrete pipes and dams with natural solutions, like gardens that are designed to capture rain and native trees that suck up excess water through their roots.

建築師們的做法是，用自然的解決方案來補充現有的依靠混凝土管道和水壩的灰色基礎設施，如設計用於收集雨水的花園和通過根部吸走多餘水分的在地樹木。

In China, these ideas were taken from ancient drainage systems. That's because for centuries

在中國，這些理念源自古代的排水系統。這是因為幾個世紀以來

Chinese cities actually handled water pretty well, in part because they were built with nature in mind. A study from the scientific journal Water recreated some of these old practices. Building roofs designed with sloped eaves allowed rainwater to fall onto the permeable pavement below, and exterior walls were lined with flowers and trees to absorb rain and storm water. Today, natural solutions like these have been re-implemented in major cities across China.

中國的城市實際上對水處理得很好，部分原因是它們在建造時考慮到了自然因素。科學雜誌《水》上的一項研究重現了其中一些古老的做法。建築屋頂設計成傾斜的屋簷，讓雨水落到下面的透水路面上，外牆則種上花草樹木，以吸收雨水和暴雨。如今，這些自然解決方案已在中國各大城市重新實施。

In Xi'an, a sewage pipe was replaced with this natural infiltration system that uses vegetation beds to purify storm and rainwater.

在西安，利用植被床淨化暴雨和雨水的自然滲透系統取代了汙水管道。

Shanghai replaced concrete roads and sidewalks with this permeable pavement, which is lined with vegetation to absorb excess water into the soil underground.

上海用這種透水路面取代了混凝土道路和人行道，路面內襯植被，將多餘的水吸收到地下土壤中。

And across Wuhan, dozens of urban gardens like these were planted to absorb water before it overwhelms communities.

在整個武漢市，像這樣的城市花園有幾十個，以便在水淹沒社區之前吸收水。

Most of these projects rely on introducing vegetation in an urban area to soak up excess water. This is a really great way to handle flooding, and it also supports urban biodiversity.

這些項目大多依靠在城市地區引入植被來吸收多餘的水。這確實是處理洪水的好辦法，而且還能支持城市生物多樣性。

Because you're providing habitat for additional groups of plant and animal species, sometimes you can restore habitats that have been lost.

因為你為更多的動植物物種提供了棲息地，有時你還能恢復已經消失的棲息地。

Despite these benefits, sponge cities can't fix everything. The connection between climate change and flooding is still being studied. But when floods do happen, these spongy cities are only able to absorb excess water up to a certain point.

儘管有這些好處，海綿城市並不能解決一切問題。氣候變化與洪水之間的關係仍在研究之中。但是，當洪水發生時，這些海綿城市只能在一定程度上吸收多餘的水。

In 2021, sponge city designs in Zhengzhou failed when historic rainfall drenched the city. More than 300 people died from the catastrophic flooding.

2021 年，鄭州遭遇歷史性降雨，海綿城市設計失敗。災難性的洪水造成 300 多人死亡。

There are other limitations, too. One review of sponge cities in Guiyang New District found that national standards and codes for spongy infrastructure are really difficult to enforce because climate, hydrology, and even socioeconomics are vastly different from one city to the next. So what might work in some cities won't necessarily solve climate-related problems in others.

此外，還有其他限制因素。一項關於貴陽新區海綿城市的研究發現，海綿基礎設施的國家標準和規範確實難以執行，因為不同城市的氣候、水文甚至社會經濟都大相徑庭。是以，在某些城市行之有效的方法不一定能解決其他城市與氣候相關的問題。

Plus, ambitious sponge city designs like the sprawling parks built in China are expensive and require a lot of space, which most cities don't have.

此外，雄心勃勃的海綿城市設計（如中國建造的龐大公園）成本高昂，需要大量空間，而大多數城市都不具備這樣的條件。

So some U.S. cities experimenting with natural infrastructure, like L.A. and Boston, are using the green space they already have, by trying things like planting vegetation on curbs and creating green spaces along median strips.

是以，洛杉磯和波士頓等一些嘗試自然基礎設施的美國城市，正在利用已有的綠地，嘗試在路邊種植植被、在中間隔離帶創造綠地等。

One type of city design certainly won't save us from climate change. But they can make a difference in how we live with it.

一種城市設計肯定無法讓我們免受氣候變化的影響。但它們可以改變我們與氣候變化共存的方式。

We often talk about biodiversity like it's far away, but it's actually right there.

我們常說生物多樣性離我們很遙遠，但其實它就在我們身邊。

And I think the more that people understand that the kinds of things they do from where they live, that really matters. People can do things to change cities. They can do things to make cities different. They can do things to make cities better.

我認為，人們越是瞭解他們在自己生活的地方所做的事情，就越是重要。人們可以改變城市。他們可以讓城市與眾不同。他們可以讓城市變得更好。