Name: 海洋生物學家傑西卡-古德赫（Jessica Goodheart）為您講解裸鰓到底是什麼？ (What the Heck Is a Nudibranch? with Marine Biologist Jessica Goodheart)
Uploaded: 2025-05-04T17:06:19.000Z
Duration: 5 min 41 s

If you've been snorkeling or swimming in the ocean, if you've been to tide pools, if you've been scuba diving, there were nudibranchs there, I can guarantee it.

如果你曾在海里浮潛或游泳，如果你曾去過潮池，如果你曾潛水，我可以保證那裡一定有裸鰓動物。

情態副詞

Think of the slugs in your garden, that's what they're closely related to, but they don't look anything like that in so many ways.

想想你花園裡的鼻涕蟲，它們與鼻涕蟲關係密切，但它們在很多方面都不像鼻涕蟲。

I think their color patterns are honestly what drew me to them the most.

說實話，我覺得它們的顏色圖案是最吸引我的地方。

There are some nudibranchs that are as long as the thickness of your fingernail, and there are some as large as a foot or so in length.

有些裸鰓魚只有指甲蓋那麼長，有些則長達一英尺左右。

Some can supposedly get to be larger, but I've never seen any of those.

據說有的可以變大，但我從來沒見過。

The diversity of sizes in addition to their shapes and colors, that's part of what makes it a really interesting group to study.

除了形狀和顏色之外，它們的大小也多種多樣，這也是它們成為一個非常有趣的研究群體的原因之一。

Hello, I'm Dr. Jessica Goodhart, I am the assistant curator for molluscs in the division of invertebrate zoology, and here we are in the invertebrate zoology wet collections.

大家好，我是傑西卡-古德哈特博士（Dr. Jessica Goodhart），我是無脊椎動物學部軟體動物助理館長。

Malacology is the study of molluscs, you can think of things like cephalopods, which are octopus and squid, bivalves like clams, mussels, and snails, and slugs like you might find in your garden.

孔雀石學是一門研究軟體動物的學科，你可以想到章魚和魷魚等頭足綱動物，蛤蜊、貽貝和蝸牛等雙殼類動物，以及你在花園裡可能發現的蛞蝓。

Nudibranchs are a kind of sea slug, all nudibranchs are sea slugs, but not all sea slugs are nudibranchs.

裸鰓蛞蝓是海蛞蝓的一種，所有裸鰓蛞蝓都是海蛞蝓，但並非所有海蛞蝓都是裸鰓蛞蝓。

I can tell you for sure that I know when I first saw a sea slug in the wild, and that's because my mom has a picture of it when I was, I don't know, maybe in third grade or something like that.

我可以肯定地告訴你，我知道我第一次在野外看到海蛞蝓是什麼時候，那是因為我媽媽有一張它的照片，那時候我還不知道，可能是三年級還是什麼時候吧。

I grew up in California, we did a class trip to tide pools, and I was holding this giant sea slug that California sea hare, which can be quite heavy.

我在加利福尼亞長大，有一次我們班去潮池旅行，我手裡拿著一隻巨大的海蛞蝓，就是加利福尼亞海兔，它可重了。

I can't remember the exact first time I found a nudibranch, but I know it was docking, so docking is where we just go to floating docks and look on the sides, and if you look down you can see a lot of things growing, like algae and hydroids and a lot of things like that, and often you'll just see nudibranchs in there.

我不記得第一次發現裸鰓的確切時間了，但我知道是在停靠碼頭的時候，停靠碼頭就是我們去浮動碼頭的地方，在碼頭邊上看，如果你往下看，你可以看到很多東西在生長，比如藻類和水螅，還有很多類似的東西，你經常會在那裡看到裸鰓。

And I do remember the feeling of sort of flipping over a piece of algae and seeing one on it, and that excitement that came from actually seeing it in the wild.

我還記得那種翻開一片海藻，看到上面有一隻海藻的感覺，以及在野外親眼看到海藻時的興奮。

They're worldwide in the Arctic tropics, Antarctic, anywhere in between, and then you'll find them in incredibly shallow areas like tide pools, high tide, all the way down to the deep sea.

它們遍佈北極熱帶地區、南極地區以及兩者之間的任何地方，然後你會在令人難以置信的淺水區域發現它們，比如潮池、漲潮，一直到深海。

We estimate that there's right now around 3,000 described species of nudibranchs, but there could be upwards of 6,000 to 10,000 species, based on sort of what we know about the world, and how many we've found that haven't been described yet.

我們估計，現在大約有 3000 個被描述的裸鰓類物種，但根據我們對世界的瞭解，以及我們發現的尚未被描述的物種數量，可能多達 6000 到 10000 個物種。

And for context, that's about how many bird species there are, right, there's about 10,000 species of birds.

根據上下文，鳥類的種類大約是這樣的，對吧，大約有 1 萬種鳥類。

And I think people would probably agree that birds are quite important in terms of ecosystems and our understanding about the environment, and sea slugs would be the same as well.

我想人們可能會同意，鳥類對生態系統和我們對環境的瞭解相當重要，海蛞蝓也是如此。

They're primarily carnivores, so they'll eat things like cnidarians, like hydroids, anemones, jellyfish, others eat sponges or bryozoans.

它們主要是肉食動物，所以會吃刺胞動物，比如水螅、海葵、水母，還有的吃海綿或浮游動物。

There's at least one nudibranch group that actually eats other nudibranchs.

至少有一類裸鰓動物會吃其他裸鰓動物。

One of the features of nudibranchs is that they actually have shells as larvae, and then when they metamorphose into juvenile stage, they lose those shells.

裸鰓類動物的一個特點是，它們在幼蟲時期實際上是有殼的，而當它們蛻變到幼蟲階段時，就會失去這些殼。

And so they've actually evolved a number of ways to defend themselves.

是以，它們實際上已經進化出了許多自衛的方法。

Some steal chemicals from their prey, some have bright colors along with those chemicals to sort of tell predators, like, hey, no, don't eat me, I'm toxic.

有的從獵物身上偷取化學物質，有的在偷取化學物質的同時還塗上鮮豔的顏色，以告訴捕食者，嘿，不，別吃我，我有毒。

Some actually are cryptic, so they sort of hide within the thing that they feed on.

實際上，有一些是隱性的，所以它們會隱藏在所吃的東西中。

And others sort of have evolved other mechanisms, like stealing stinging structures from their prey.

還有一些則進化出了其他機制，比如從獵物身上偷取刺狀結構。

And this is in particular ones that eat cnidarians, things like anemones, jellyfish, hydroids.

尤其是以刺胞動物為食的動物，如海葵、水母、水螅等。

If you've been stung by a jellyfish, that sting comes from specialized defensive structures that it has in its cells.

如果你被水母蜇傷，這種蜇傷來自於它細胞中的特殊防禦結構。

Nudibranchs are able to sort of eat those animals and take those defenses from them in order to use them themselves.

裸鰓動物能夠吃掉這些動物，並從它們身上獲取防禦能力，以便自己使用。

In my lab, I study how they're able to actually do this process at a molecular level.

在我的實驗室裡，我研究它們是如何在分子水準上完成這一過程的。

So this is actually the Glaucus atlanticus.

是以，這實際上是大西洋鱸魚。

This is one of the more interesting ones when it's preserved.

當它被保存下來時，這是最有趣的一個。

We have a couple hundred nudibranch specimens here at the museum.

我們博物館有幾百個裸鰓標本。

One of the downsides to working on nudibranchs is that unfortunately they lose their color when we preserve them.

研究裸鰓動物的一個弊端是，當我們保存它們時，它們會不幸地失去顏色。

So they don't look quite as exciting in the collection as they do in real life.

是以，它們在系列中看起來並不像在現實生活中那樣令人興奮。

We do ultimately try to use one specimen for as many things as possible.

我們最終會盡量用一個標本做很多事情。

If we collect a specimen, we might try and take a tissue sample for genetic analysis later.

如果我們採集了標本，我們可能會嘗試採集組織樣本，以便稍後進行基因分析。

This could include freezing it or putting it in ethanol.

這可能包括將其冷凍或放入乙醇中。

Even if we're not able to at the time think about what questions we might ask, we would have those specimens for later.

即使我們當時無法思考我們可能會問什麼問題，我們也會為以後準備好這些標本。

Having these collections is incredibly useful for being able to sort of continuously ask questions even when we're not able to continuously collect animals.

即使在我們無法持續收集動物的情況下，擁有這些藏品對於持續提出問題也是非常有用的。

It can be overwhelming even at times, seeing or thinking about how many questions there are to ask, how much there is to do, how much we don't know.

有時，看到或想到有那麼多問題要問，有那麼多事情要做，有那麼多我們不知道的事情，甚至會讓人不知所措。

But that's part of what's exciting about being a biologist.

但這正是生物學家令人興奮的地方。

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海洋生物學家傑西卡-古德赫（Jessica Goodheart）為您講解裸鰓到底是什麼？ (What the Heck Is a Nudibranch? with Marine Biologist Jessica Goodheart)

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