Name: 洛克比爆炸案泛美航空公司 103 號班機的悲慘真實故事 (The Lockerbie Bombing: The Tragic True Story Of Pan Am Flight 103)
Uploaded: 2025-04-04T04:50:44.000Z
Duration: 11 min 35 s

For over 30 years, families of the victims of Pan Am Flight 103 have longed for some closure.

30 多年來，泛美航空公司 103 號班機的遇難者家屬一直渴望了結此事。

Now it looks as if officials have a suspect in the 1988 bombing.

現在看來，官員們已經找到了 1988 年爆炸案的嫌疑人。

This is the heartbreaking story of that tragic flight.

這就是那次悲慘飛行的令人心碎的故事。

On December 21, 1988, Pan Am 103 was beginning the second leg of its Frankfurt-London-New York-Detroit route. The Boeing 747, known as the Clipper Maid of the Seas, left London Heathrow with 243 passengers and 16 crew members, including 189 Americans. Forty minutes into the flight, the plane had reached the coast of Scotland. According to the official accident report, the pilot requested clearance to proceed with the transatlantic portion of the flight from

1988 年 12 月 21 日，泛美 103 開始法蘭克福-倫敦-紐約-底特律航線的第二段飛行。這架名為 "克利珀海女號（Clipper Maid of the Seas）"的波音 747 型客機載著 243 名乘客和 16 名機組人員離開了倫敦希思羅機場，其中包括 189 名美國人。飛行 40 分鐘後，飛機抵達蘇格蘭海岸。根據官方的事故報告，飛行員從以下地點請求準許繼續進行橫跨大西洋的飛行

Shanwick Oceanic Area Control at 1858 Universal Time Coordinated, or UTC. At 1902 UTC, the officers at the Air Traffic Control Center cleared the flight to proceed, but did not receive a response.

山威克海洋區域控制中心於世界協調時 1858 點關閉。世界協調時 1902 點，空中交通管制中心的官員準許該班機繼續飛行，但沒有收到迴應。

One of the ground officers only reported a strange noise, presumably from the cockpit.

一名地面軍官只報告了一種奇怪的噪音，估計是從駕駛艙裡傳出來的。

Once five different objects showed up on the radar instead of the plane, the officials began to fear the worst. The Shanwick officers' fears were correct. At around 1900 UTC, a bomb and a Samsonite suitcase exploded, ripping through the fuselage and fragmenting the plane. The Irish Times quoted witnesses as seeing a ball of fire in the night sky as wreckage rained down upon the small Scottish town of Lockerbie. The FBI ultimately recorded debris over an area of 845 square miles. Soon, teams from international intelligence agencies and security bureaus, such as the FBI and CIA, were on the ground, looking for any sort of wreckage from the plane. The investigators sought the black box and anything else that could help reconstruct the tragedy. The explosion killed all 259 people aboard the plane. While some died instantly, Dr. William Eckert of Wichita State University told the Associated Press that around 148 passengers in the pilot may have survived the initial explosion, only to experience the horror of a 31,000-foot drop to the ground.

一旦雷達上出現五個不同的物體而不是飛機，官員們就開始擔心最壞的情況。山威克官員的擔心是正確的。在協調世界時 1900 時左右，一枚炸彈和一個 Samsonite 手提箱爆炸，炸穿了機身，飛機支離破碎。愛爾蘭時報》援引目擊者的話說，當飛機殘骸傾瀉到蘇格蘭小鎮洛克比時，他們看到夜空中出現了一團火球。聯邦調查局最終記錄了 845 平方英里範圍內的殘骸。很快，來自聯邦調查局和中央情報局等國際情報機構和安全局的小組來到地面，尋找飛機的任何殘骸。調查人員尋找黑匣子和其他任何有助於重建悲劇的東西。爆炸導致機上 259 

Many of them would have passed out initially from lack of oxygen, but regained consciousness somewhere between 15,000 and 10,000 feet. For them, the seemingly never-ending drop must have been horrific. Many were found holding crucifixes, suggesting that they expected to die.

他們中的許多人最初會因缺氧而昏迷，但在 15000 到 10000 英尺之間的某個地方恢復了知覺。對他們來說，看似永無止境的下降一定非常可怕。許多人被發現手持十字架，這表明他們預料到了死亡。

The motto of the family members over the past 32 years has been, the truth must be known.

在過去的 32 年裡，家庭成員的座右銘一直是：真相必須公之於眾。

In addition to the victims on the plane, 11 people on the ground were killed. The aircraft's wing struck numerous houses on the Sherwood Crescent in Lockerbie. Two of the 11 victims had their house reduced to ash, their bodies completely incinerated and never found. 21 of the damaged houses were demolished, while more required extensive repairs.

除飛機上的遇難者外，地面上也有 11 人遇難。飛機的機翼擊中了洛克比市舍伍德新月區（Sherwood Crescent）的許多房屋。11 名遇難者中有兩人的房屋化為灰燼，他們的屍體被完全焚燬，再也沒有找到。21所受損房屋被拆毀，更多的房屋需要大修。

Intelligence agencies had some warning prior to the bombing that allowed them to identify preliminary suspects. According to The Washington Post, an anonymous caller phoned a potential threat to the U.S. Embassy in Helsinki on December 5, 1988. Supposedly, a Finnish woman would unwittingly carry a bomb onto a U.S.-bound Pan Am flight from Frankfurt within two weeks of the call. The caller also provided two names associated with the Palestinian Abu Nadal militia. This memo pointed to Middle Eastern terror groups, but was dismissed. French and British intelligence suspected Libyan involvement, given President Muammar Gaddafi's support for the 1986 West

情報機構在爆炸發生前得到了一些警告，使他們能夠確定初步的嫌疑人。據《華盛頓郵報》報道，1988 年 12 月 5 日，一個匿名電話向美國駐赫爾辛基大使館發出了潛在威脅。據說，在電話接通後的兩週內，一名芬蘭婦女將在不知情的情況下攜帶炸彈登上一架從法蘭克福飛往美國的泛美航空班機。打電話的人還提供了兩個與巴勒斯坦阿布-納達爾民兵有關的名字。這份備忘錄指向中東恐怖組織，但被駁回。鑑於穆阿邁爾-卡扎菲總統支持 1986 年的 "西部大開發 "計劃，法國和英國情報部門懷疑利比亞參與其中。

Berlin nightclub bombing and his ongoing feud with the United States. American investigators found supporting evidence while combing through the Lockerbie wreckage. According to Christopher

柏林夜總會爆炸案以及他與美國之間的不和。美國調查人員在梳理洛克比殘骸時發現了佐證。據克里斯托弗

Joyner and Wayne Rothbaum, investigators discovered a microchip from the bomb that matched the type used to blow up three flights over Chad, Togo, and Niger between 1984 and 1989.

喬伊納和韋恩-羅斯鮑姆（Wayne Rothbaum），調查人員從炸彈中發現了一個微型芯片，與 1984 年至 1989 年間在查德、多哥和尼日爾上空炸燬三架飛機時使用的類型相符。

In addition, Senegal arrested two Libyan men with Semtex explosives that investigators matched to the Lockerbie bomb fragments. This provided more direction for the investigation, which shifted from Iran to Libya.

此外，塞內加爾逮捕了兩名攜帶 Semtex 炸藥的利比亞男子，調查人員將其與洛克比炸彈碎片進行了比對。這為從伊朗轉向利比亞的調查提供了更多方向。

Following the French intelligence service's lease, British intelligence identified two Libyans,

在法國情報部門租借之後，英國情報部門確認了兩名利比亞人的身份、

Abdel Basit al-Megrahi and Lehman Khalifa Fima, as persons of interest. Both men were identified as Libyan intelligence operatives, again suggesting a link to Gaddafi. But until they could be tried, their involvement could not be confirmed. The U.K., with American support, requested the men's extradition for trial in the U.K. or the United States.

阿卜杜勒-巴希特-梅格拉希（Abdel Basit al-Megrahi）和雷曼-哈利法-菲馬（Lehman Khalifa Fima）為嫌疑人。兩人都被確認為利比亞情報人員，這再次表明他們與卡扎菲有聯繫。但在對他們進行審判之前，無法確認他們是否參與其中。英國在美國的支持下，要求將這兩人引渡到英國或美國受審。

Gaddafi refused, citing the Montreal Convention's either extradite or prosecute principle.

卡扎菲援引《蒙特利爾公約》的引渡或起訴原則予以拒絕。

This principle allowed Libya to try terror suspects on its own soil.

這一原則允許利比亞在本國領土上審判恐怖嫌疑人。

The United States decided to force Gaddafi's hand with U.N. Security Council Resolution 748.

美國決定通過聯合國安理會第 748 號決議逼卡扎菲就範。

These sanctions placed restrictions on Libya's aviation industry, military, and high-ranking government officials until Gaddafi withdrew his support for terrorism.

這些制裁措施對利比亞的航空業、軍隊和高級政府官員施加了限制，直到卡扎菲撤銷對恐怖主義的支持。

As the impasse continued into 1997, international bodies offered to mediate, and the Arab League proposed a compromise. The extradited suspects could be tried in a neutral country outside the U.K. With support from South Africa and the Arab League,

僵局一直持續到 1997 年，國際機構提出進行調解，阿拉伯聯盟提出了一個折中方案。在南非和阿拉伯聯盟的支持下，被引渡的嫌疑人可以在英國以外的中立國接受審判、

American Secretary of State Madeleine Albright and British Foreign Secretary Robin Cook offered

美國國務卿馬德琳-奧爾布賴特和英國外交大臣羅賓-庫克提出

Gaddafi a deal. The two accused would be tried by a Scottish court in the Netherlands at Camp Zeist, a former NATO base. If they were found guilty, they would serve their sentences in British prison.

卡扎菲達成協議。兩名被告將由蘇格蘭法庭在荷蘭的前北約基地澤伊斯特營地進行審判。如果罪名成立，他們將在英國監獄服刑。

Gaddafi accepted the offer and extradited both men to face trial.

卡扎菲接受了這一提議，並將兩人引渡受審。

The proceedings began in May 2000. Lehman Khalifa Fima was found not guilty. He had been in Sweden on the day of the bombing and could not have been involved.

訴訟於 2000 年 5 月開始。雷曼-哈利法-菲馬被判無罪。爆炸當天他在瑞典，不可能參與其中。

Abdel Basit al-Megrahi's trial was more complicated. The critical piece of evidence was the testimony of the man who had allegedly sold the clothes in the suitcase bomb.

對阿卜杜勒-巴希特-梅格拉希的審判更為複雜。關鍵證據是據稱出售手提箱炸彈中衣服的男子的證詞。

During al-Megrahi's trial, the main prosecution witness was a Maltese national named Tony Gauci.

在對梅格拉希的審判中，主要的控方證人是一位名叫託尼-高奇的馬耳他人。

Gauci testified that he had sold the clothes to a man of Middle Eastern appearance who resembled al-Megrahi. However, he could not match the man he had met in Malta with the suspect on trial with certainty. Gauci could only recall that a picture of al-Megrahi in a magazine resembled his client. However, his testimony was enough to convict al-Megrahi, who was sentenced to life imprisonment in the UK. Later evidence has cast serious doubts about his guilt.

高奇作證說，他把衣服賣給了一箇中東人，此人長相酷似梅格拉希。但是，他無法將他在馬耳他遇到的這個人與受審的嫌疑人準確地對上號。高奇只能回憶起一本雜誌上梅格拉希的照片與他的委託人相似。然而，他的證詞足以將梅格拉希定罪，後者在英國被判處終身監禁。後來的證據使人們對他的罪行產生了嚴重懷疑。

Abdel Basit al-Megrahi's conviction vindicated Gaddafi's accusers. With the sanctions taking their toll and affecting Libya's lucrative trading relations with Europe, Gaddafi announced that Libya would take responsibility for the bombing and pay $3 billion to the families of the victims. In return, the UN lifted the sanctions under Resolution 748 and allowed Libya back into the international community. However, while Gaddafi's admission provided a sense of closure to the victims' families, the Libyan president continued to deny responsibility in private.

阿卜杜勒-巴希特-梅格拉希的定罪為卡扎菲的指控者平反。由於制裁造成了損失，並影響了利比亞與歐洲有利可圖的貿易關係，卡扎菲宣佈利比亞將承擔爆炸事件的責任，並向遇難者家屬支付 30 億美元。作為回報，聯合國根據第 748 號決議解除了制裁，允許利比亞重返國際社會。然而，雖然卡扎菲的承認讓遇難者家屬有了一種了結的感覺，但利比亞總統私下裡卻繼續否認責任。

Once the sanctions on Libya were lifted, the emotion over Gaddafi's role died down somewhat.

對利比亞的制裁取消後，人們對卡扎菲作用的情緒有所平息。

However, the BBC reported in 2009 that Abdel Basit al-Megrahi was dying of cancer and had requested a commutation of his sentence on compassionate grounds. If granted, he would be allowed to return home to Libya to live out the remaining six months doctors believed he had left.

然而，據英國廣播公司 2009 年報道，阿卜杜勒-巴希特-梅格拉希因癌症奄奄一息，出於同情請求減刑。如果獲准，他將被允許返回利比亞家中，度過醫生認為他還剩下的六個月時間。

His appeal caused an uproar in Britain, causing a rift between those who wished to show mercy and those who wished to see him die in prison. Ultimately, the court granted him clemency to the outrage of the victims' families.

他的上訴在英國引起了軒然大波，導致希望對他仁慈的人和希望他死在獄中的人之間產生了分歧。最終，法院在受害者家屬的憤怒下對他實行了寬大處理。

I did not expect to return at all. The pressure was huge.

我根本沒想到會回來。壓力是巨大的。

Releasing me was a very difficult issue."

釋放我是一個非常困難的問題"。

In 2010 and 2011, the Arab Spring arrived in Libya and soon escalated into full-blown civil war.

2010 年和 2011 年，利比亞迎來了 "阿拉伯之春"，並很快升級為全面內戰。

Gaddafi was killed in a French bombing raid on Tripoli, leaving a power vacuum for a fragile coalition of Islamists, anti-Gaddafi politicians, and generals to fill. The face of the interim

卡扎菲在法國對的黎波里的轟炸中喪生，留下了一個由伊斯蘭主義者、反卡扎菲政客和將軍組成的脆弱聯盟來填補的權力真空。臨時政府的面孔

National Transitional Council was former Gaddafi loyalist and justice minister Mustafa Abdul

全國過渡委員會由忠於卡扎菲的前司法部長穆斯塔法-阿卜杜勒-阿齊茲擔任主席。

Zalil. Zalil eventually sought asylum in Sweden, where he made some damning claims regarding his former boss' complicity in the Lockerbie bombing. In an explosive interview with Swedish newspaper

扎利爾扎里爾最終在瑞典尋求庇護，並在那裡就其前上司在洛克比爆炸案中的共謀行為提出了一些令人震驚的指控。在接受瑞典報紙

Expressen, Zalil claimed to have documented proof that Gaddafi had personally ordered the Lockerbie bombing. These claims received some attention in the UK. The BBC quoted Scottish MP Murdo Fraser, calling the allegations disturbing but believable. For Fraser, Zalil's claim explained why Gaddafi had refused to extradite al-Megrahi, lest he implicate the Libyan president during his trial.

在《快報》上，扎利爾聲稱有文件證明卡扎菲親自下令製造了洛克比爆炸案。這些說法在英國引起了一些關注。英國廣播公司（BBC）援引蘇格蘭議員默多-弗雷澤（Murdo Fraser）的話稱，這些指控令人不安但可信。弗雷澤認為，扎利爾的說法解釋了卡扎菲為何拒絕引渡梅格拉希，以免他在受審時牽連利比亞總統。

However, Zalil never presented any evidence in support of his claims.

然而，扎利爾從未提出任何證據來支持他的說法。

Following Abdebaset al-Megrahi's death, attention turned to the original suspect, the Islamic Republic of Iran. In the 2014 Al Jazeera exposé, Lockerbie, What Really Happened?,

阿布德巴塞特-梅格拉希死後，人們的注意力轉向了最初的嫌疑人--伊朗伊斯蘭共和國。在2014年半島電視臺的揭露性報道《洛克比，到底發生了什麼？

Iranian defector Abu Ghazem Masbahi claimed that Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khomeini had personally approved the plan. An anonymous Israeli source quoted in The Times of Israel claimed that Khomeini was behind the contracting of Ahmed Jibril, a member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, to carry out the bombing. America's intelligence agencies posited that if Iran was responsible, it was in revenge for the USS Vincennes downing of

伊朗叛逃者 Abu Ghazem Masbahi 聲稱，最高領袖阿亞圖拉-霍梅尼親自準許了這一計劃。以色列時報》援引一名匿名的以色列消息人士的話稱，霍梅尼在背後指使解放巴勒斯坦人民陣線成員艾哈邁德-吉布里爾實施爆炸。美國情報機構認為，如果是伊朗所為，那麼這是對美國海軍文森號驅逐艦擊落以色列海軍的報復。

Iran Air 655 over the Persian Gulf in 1986. According to Real Clear World, Khomeini had promised that the skies would rain blood in revenge. Already under pressure over Iran's nuclear program, President Hassan Rouhani denied all allegations. However, a 2020 tweet from Rouhani in response to threats by American President Donald Trump turned some heads.

1986 年，伊朗航空公司 655 號飛機飛越波斯灣。據《真實世界》報道，霍梅尼曾許諾天空將下起血雨以示報復。伊朗總統哈桑-魯哈尼（Hassan Rouhani）在伊朗核計劃問題上已經承受了壓力，他否認了所有指控。然而，魯哈尼 2020 年在推特上對美國總統唐納德-特朗普威脅的迴應卻引起了一些人的注意。

They can't do what they were saying they're going to do, because if they do that, they're going to be met with really very violent force. We have no choice.

他們不能像他們說的那樣去做，因為如果他們那樣做了，就會遭到非常暴力的對待。我們別無選擇。

Professor Robert Black told Indian magazine The Week that he believed the tweet indicates that Lockerbie was a response to Iran Air 655. Jim Swire, father of Lockerbie victim Flora Swire, called this an admission of guilt in an interview with The Times. As of now, no investigations into the tweet or its possible meaning have taken place.

羅伯特-布萊克（Robert Black）教授告訴印度雜誌《The Week》，他認為這條推文表明洛克比事件是對伊朗航空655班機的迴應。洛克比事件受害者弗洛拉-斯維爾（Flora Swire）的父親吉姆-斯維爾（Jim Swire）在接受《泰晤士報》採訪時稱這是一種認罪。截至目前，尚未對這條推文或其可能的含義進行調查。

Ultimately, Iran's role is still unclear — although the role of a Palestinian group makes sense, in light of the warning that was phoned into Helsinki in 1988. American intelligence services have mostly sidelined the Iranian angle, and have pursued the Libyan angle further.

歸根結底，伊朗的角色仍不明確--儘管考慮到 1988 年赫爾辛基會議上的警告，一個巴勒斯坦組織的角色是合情合理的。美國情報部門大多將伊朗的角度放在一邊，而進一步從利比亞的角度進行調查。

The latest development in the Lockerbie bombing case came on December 21, 2020, the 32nd anniversary of the bombing. Attorney General William Barr and the U.S. Department of Justice announced new charges against a third Libyan currently incarcerated in his home country.

2020 年 12 月 21 日，即洛克比爆炸案發生 32 週年之際，該案有了最新進展。司法部長威廉-巴爾（William Barr）和美國司法部宣佈對目前被關押在利比亞的第三名利比亞人提出新的指控。

The DOJ identified the former senior Libyan intelligence official as Abu Aghila Masoud

司法部確認利比亞前高級情報官員為阿布-阿吉拉-馬蘇德（Abu Aghila Masoud

Kiir al-Marimi, but no other information was provided at the time.

Kiir al-Marimi，但當時沒有提供其他資訊。

No amount of time or distance will stop the United States and our Scottish partners from pursuing justice. The Lockerbie case has taken numerous twists and turns. When justice appeared served, it was revealed that special interest and economic expediency had tainted the trials of the suspects. Abdebaset al-Megrahi's family has continued to fight his conviction posthumously, and on January 15, 2021, Scotland rejected an appeal to vacate al-Megrahi's conviction.

時間再長，距離再遠，也無法阻止美國和我們的蘇格蘭夥伴伸張正義。洛克比案件一波三折。當正義似乎得到伸張時，卻發現特殊利益和經濟上的權宜之計玷汙了對嫌疑人的審判。2021 年 1 月 15 日，蘇格蘭駁回了要求撤銷對梅格拉希定罪的上訴。

When Attorney General William Barr indicted Abu Aghila Masoud Kiir al-Marimi in 2020, the suspect was still in Libyan custody and needed to be extradited to face trial.

2020 年，當總檢察長威廉-巴爾起訴阿布-阿吉拉-馬蘇德-基爾-馬裡米（Abu Aghila Masoudi Kiri al-Marimi）時，嫌疑人仍被利比亞關押，需要引渡才能接受審判。

But his sudden appearance in the United States in 2022 raised questions about how exactly he arrived there. In 2021, the Libyan government in Tripoli said it was open to collaboration on al-Marimi's extradition, except, as ABC noted, there was no extradition treaty. U.S. officials have not issued a comment on the matter, and many outlets have simply said he was extradited.

但他在 2022 年突然出現在美國，讓人懷疑他究竟是如何抵達美國的。2021 年，的黎波里利比亞政府表示願意就引渡馬裡米一事進行合作，但正如美國廣播公司（ABC）所指出的，當時並沒有引渡條約。美國官員沒有就此事發表評論，許多媒體只是說他被引渡了。

But as noted in the AP, it is possible that American agents may have kidnapped al-Marimi and taken him to the States to face trial. The only evidence currently available is a Libyan report and claims from al-Marimi's family that Tripoli looked the other way regarding the kidnapping, as implied by government silence on the suspect's disappearance. Regardless, his presence in America is confirmed, and he has made his first court appearance.

但正如美聯社所指出的，美國特工有可能綁架了馬裡米，並將他帶到美國接受審判。目前唯一的證據是利比亞的一份報告和馬裡米家人的說法，即的黎波里對綁架事件睜一隻眼閉一隻眼，政府對嫌疑人失蹤保持沉默也暗示了這一點。無論如何，他在美國的存在已經得到證實，而且他已經首次出庭。

Al-Marimi is the first Lockerbie suspect to appear in U.S. court and face two counts of destruction of an aircraft causing death and one count of destruction of a commercial vehicle causing death. While both of these could carry the death penalty, the Biden administration

馬裡米是第一個在美國法庭出庭的洛克比事件嫌疑人，他將面臨兩項破壞飛機致死罪和一項破壞商用車輛致死罪的指控。雖然這兩項罪名都可能被判處死刑，但拜登政府

Department of Justice has said it will seek life imprisonment instead, should he be found guilty.

司法部表示，如果他被判有罪，將尋求終身監禁。

For Lockerbie relatives, it presents a chance to finally find closure on a case that has dragged on for over 30 years.

對於洛克比事件的親屬來說，這是一個機會，他們終於可以了結這個拖延了 30 多年的案件。