My name is Tomáš Zwolinski, and I will walk you through the product introduction to RF Elements antennas and other products as well.

我是 Tomáš Zwolinski，我將向您介紹射頻元件天線及其他產品。

Our product range covers antennas, integration platforms, and brackets.

我們的產品範圍包括天線、集成平臺和支架。

But today I will speak mainly about the antennas and a little bit about the integration platforms at the end.

但今天我將主要談談天線，最後再談一下集成平臺。

So the product map you see shows our antennas organized according to the beam shape, connector interface, and gain.

是以，您看到的產品圖顯示了我們根據波束形狀、連接器接口和增益組織的天線。

The beam shape is changing in the vertical direction.

光束形狀在垂直方向上不斷變化。

So the symmetrical antennas are in the top two lines, and the asymmetrical ones below in the third line.

是以，對稱天線在上面兩行，下面的不對稱天線在第三行。

In the horizontal direction, the gain is increasing from left to right.

在水準方向上，增益從左到右遞增。

But before we go to the antennas themselves, I will speak about the twist port and twist port adapters, which are displayed on the bottom line, and now you can see them zoomed in, to help you understand the advantages of the twist port compared to the traditional coaxial connector interface.

不過，在介紹天線本身之前，我想先說說扭轉端口和扭轉端口適配器，它們顯示在底線上，現在你可以放大看看，以幫助你瞭解扭轉端口與傳統同軸連接器接口相比的優勢。

Twist port is RF Elements' proprietary waveguide connector for connecting radio with antennas.

Twist 端口是 RF 元件專有的波導連接器，用於連接無線電和天線。

And twist port has two essential advantages.

扭轉端口有兩個基本優點。

So first, because it is a waveguide connector, twist port introduces practically zero loss into the system.

首先，由於是波導連接器，扭轉端口引入系統的損耗幾乎為零。

This is very important to achieve excellent RF performance and to reach the furthest customers you possibly can.

這對於實現卓越的射頻性能和儘可能地接觸到最遠的客戶非常重要。

And second, twist port combines the radio mounting and RF connection into a single and easy-to-use interface.

其次，扭轉端口將無線電安裝和射頻連接整合到一個簡單易用的接口中。

It is extremely easy and safe to operate.

操作極為簡便、安全。

Twist port is not only a RF connector between the radio and the antenna, but also mounts the radio on the antenna at the same time.

扭轉端口不僅是無線電和天線之間的射頻連接器，還能將無線電同時安裝在天線上。

So when you insert and twist the radio, it locks in automatically and stays mounted.

是以，當您插入並扭轉收音機時，它會自動鎖定並保持安裝狀態。

And unlocking is equally easy.

解鎖也同樣簡單。

Just twisting the outer locking ring, the radio is released and you can reverse the movement of installation.

只需扭轉外側的鎖環，收音機就會鬆開，您可以反向移動安裝。

In our reference radio design, back in 2014, we removed the pigtails and integrated the twist port male connector directly into the circuit board of a radio.

在 2014 年的無線電參考設計中，我們去掉了尾纖，將扭轉端口公連接器直接集成到無線電電路板上。

And this radio, the radio can be attached to any twist port antenna while introducing practically zero loss.

這種無線電可以連接到任何扭轉端口天線上，而損耗幾乎為零。

And this is why we consider twist port being a truly revolutionary interface, introducing a whole new ecosystem built on the advantages of the waveguide and excellent mechanical design.

這就是為什麼我們認為扭轉端口是一個真正革命性的接口，在波導和出色機械設計優勢的基礎上引入了一個全新的生態系統。

And all this together enables easy connection with virtually zero loss RF performance.

所有這一切使連接變得簡單，射頻性能幾乎為零損耗。

The twist port adapter solves a simple task of converting the coaxial radio interface of third party radios into the twist port male interface.

扭轉端口適配器可將第三方無線電設備的同軸無線電接口轉換為扭轉端口公接口，非常簡單。

The adapter enables intuitive connection of both the radio and the antenna.

該適配器可直觀地連接無線電和天線。

The twist port adapters are easy to use and have very low loss.

扭轉端口適配器使用方便，損耗極低。

You can see on the animation what is inside of a typical twist port adapter.

您可以從動畫中看到典型扭轉端口適配器的內部結構。

The coaxial cables are connecting the waveguide to the radio connectors.

同軸電纜連接波導和無線電連接器。

These are high quality cables with semi-rigid shielding.

這些電纜質量上乘，具有半剛性屏蔽。

And the cables are integrated in the adapter body.

電纜集成在適配器機身內。

And because of this, you do not need to bend, connect or disconnect and constantly handle these cables over and over, which results into very stable and lasting performance.

正因為如此，您無需反覆彎曲、連接或斷開以及不斷處理這些電纜，從而獲得非常穩定和持久的性能。

The rest of the adapter is designed to accommodate most popular radios used in WISP industry.

適配器的其餘部分專為 WISP 行業使用的大多數常用無線電而設計。

Since most of the radios have different body shape, we have a number of twist port adapters to fit them naturally.

由於大多數對講機的機身形狀各不相同，是以我們提供了多種扭轉端口適配器，可以自然地與之匹配。

And all the adapters I will show you on the following slides are compatible with every twist port antenna.

在下面的幻燈片中，我將向你們展示的所有適配器都與所有扭轉端口天線兼容。

So you do not need to worry that you will need a separate twist port adapter for each No, every twist port adapter fits any twist port antenna.

是以，您不必擔心您需要為每個扭轉端口適配器單獨購買，每個扭轉端口適配器都適用於任何扭轉端口天線。

And twist port adapters have three types of connection on the side of the radio.

而扭轉端口適配器在無線電一側有三種連接方式。

So first, the most common radio interface is a pair of SMA connectors.

首先，最常見的無線電接口是一對 SMA 接頭。

The radios with coaxial output are connected to the corresponding adapter by sliding the radio in until it clicks and locks the radio in place.

將帶同軸輸出的無線電與相應的適配器連接，方法是將無線電滑入，直到發出咔嗒聲並將無線電鎖定到位。

Second, few radios in the WISP industry have a waveguide output.

其次，在 WISP 行業中，很少有無線電具有波導輸出。

And assembling a few parts together converts the third-party waveguide output to the twist port male connector.

只需將幾個部件組裝在一起，就能將第三方波導輸出轉換為扭轉端口公連接器。

And thirdly, finally, many microtech radios come as bare PCBs without any enclosure whatsoever.

第三，最後，許多微型技術無線電設備都是裸露的印刷電路板，沒有任何外殼。

In which case, you need to insert the whole PCB into our adapter to make it work, as you can see from the animation.

在這種情況下，您需要將整個印刷電路板插入我們的適配器中，這樣才能正常工作，正如您從動畫中看到的那樣。

It is important to emphasize that twist port adapters work with any twist port antenna.

必須強調的是，扭轉端口適配器可與任何扭轉端口天線配合使用。

And the adapters are specific on the side of the radio, simply because of different shapes of those third-party radios.

由於第三方無線電設備的形狀不同，是以適配器在無線電設備的側面是特定的。

But on the side of the antenna, there is always the same twist port connector, which is compatible with any twist port antenna.

但在天線的側面，始終有一個相同的扭轉端口連接器，可與任何扭轉端口天線兼容。

So once you have the right adapter for your radio, you're all set and you can connect it with any twist port antenna.

是以，一旦為收音機選配了合適的適配器，就可以將其與任何扭轉端口天線連接起來。

We have twist port adapters for all the four major radio brands in WISP industry.

我們有適用於 WISP 行業所有四大無線電品牌的扭轉端口適配器。

So Cambium, Mimosa, Ubiquiti and Microtech, and all of them are very easy and reliable radio installation and removal.

是以，Cambium、Mimosa、Ubiquiti 和 Microtech 等公司的無線電安裝和拆卸都非常簡單可靠。

For Cambium, we have two adapters, TPA-EPMP in the top row and the TPA-ADAPT-E2K.

對於 Cambium，我們有兩個適配器，即最上面一行的 TPA-EPMP 和 TPA-ADAPT-E2K。

So the TPA-EPMP is compatible with EMP-1000, both the client and the AP version.

是以，TPA-EPMP 與 EMP-1000 兼容，包括客戶端和 AP 版本。

But also this adapter is compatible with the newest radios from Cambium, so the EMP-3000L-AP, as well as the client version of this radio.

此外，該適配器還與 Cambium 的最新無線電設備 EMP-3000L-AP 以及該無線電設備的客戶端版本兼容。

The TPA adapter on the bottom, the E2K, works with the EMP-2000 as well as the new Force 400C.

底部的 TPA 適配器 E2K 可與 EMP-2000 和新型 Force 400C 配合使用。

The EMP-400C, the recently released 802.11ax radio from Cambium.

EMP-400C 是 Cambium 最近發佈的 802.11ax 無線電設備。

For Ubiquiti, we have four adapters.

對於 Ubiquiti，我們有四個適配器。

So the TPA-PATH, the first one on the top left, is compatible with the Rocket Prism 5AC and the 5AC Gen2, so both generations.

是以，左上角第一個 TPA-PATH 兼容 Rocket Prism 5AC 和 5AC Gen2，即兩代產品。

And also both generations of the AirFiber, so meaning AirFiber 5X and 5X HD, as well as the LTU Rocket.

還有兩代 AirFiber，即 AirFiber 5X 和 5X HD，以及 LTU Rocket。

So this one adapter is compatible with five different radios.

是以，這一個適配器可以兼容五種不同的無線電設備。

So the Twistport adapter for IsoStation is in the lower left side, is compatible with the IsoStation M5, PrismStation and IsoStation 5AC, which are the waveguide radios from Ubiquiti.

用於 IsoStation 的 Twistport 適配器位於左下方，與 IsoStation M5、PrismStation 和 IsoStation 5AC 兼容，這些都是 Ubiquiti 的波導無線電。

And the older Rocket M5 works with the TPA-RM5, and the Rocket 5AC Lite works with the TPA-R5AC.

舊版 Rocket M5 可與 TPA-RM5 配合使用，Rocket 5AC Lite 可與 TPA-R5AC 配合使用。

For Mimosa radios, we have the Twistport adapter, the TPA-C5C, compatible with the C5C radio.

對於 Mimosa 無線電設備，我們有與 C5C 無線電設備兼容的 Twistport 適配器 TPA-C5C。

The C5X, a waveguide-based Mimosa radio, works with the TPA-C5X.

C5X 是一種基於波導的 Mimosa 無線電設備，可與 TPA-C5X 配合使用。

And for the newest A5X radio, we have the TPA-A5X.

最新的 A5X 無線電設備是 TPA-A5X。

For those who are using the Mikrotik radios, we have the Twistport adapter TPA-RBP with the fully plastic body.

對於使用 Mikrotik 無線電設備的用戶，我們提供全塑膠機身的 Twistport 適配器 TPA-RBP。

So this adapter is fully plastic, and the TPA-RBC in the top row has a full metal body.

是以，這個適配器是全塑膠的，而最上面一排的 TPA-RBC 則是全金屬機身。

It's the Twistport adapter that offers protection of the radio from the changing weather and noise somewhat better than the plastic counterpart.

與塑膠適配器相比，Twistport 適配器能更好地保護無線電免受天氣變化和噪音的影響。

But both of them are compatible with the Routerboard 4, 7, and 9 series of the Mikrotik radios, as well as the M11.

但它們都與 Routerboard 4、7 和 9 系列 Mikrotik 無線電設備以及 M11 兼容。

Finally, for those who prefer using Twistport antennas with the third-party radios, for which we do not have a matching custom-made adapter, we have the connectorized Twistport adapter, which is available or is equipped with the two SMA connectors to which you can connect anything you like with the cable.

最後，對於那些喜歡在第三方無線電設備上使用 Twistport 天線的用戶，我們沒有相應的定製適配器。

Since this is a lot of information to remember, so which Twistport adapter fits with what radio, we prepared a little cheat sheet for you for your quick reference.

由於需要記住的資訊很多，是以哪種 Twistport 適配器適合哪種無線電，我們為您準備了一份小抄，供您快速參考。

So you can download this cheat sheet as a printable PDF from our webpage in the Downloads section when you slide all the way down on our homepage.

是以，您可以從我們網頁的下載區下載可打印的 PDF 格式小抄。

So horn sector antennas are by far the most effective technology to deal with the RF noise.

是以，號角扇形天線是迄今為止處理射頻噪聲最有效的技術。

So let's look at the detailed explanation how.

讓我們來看看詳細的解釋吧。

While the traditional sector antennas radiate pretty much into every direction, which you can see on the right side of this slide, the horn radiates only in the direction of the main lobe.

從幻燈片右側可以看到，傳統扇形天線的輻射範圍幾乎遍及所有方向，而號角天線只向主葉方向輻射。

So this is the essential advantage of horns.

這就是牛角的基本優勢。

There is zero side lobes radiation pattern.

邊葉輻射模式為零。

Now, since side lobes collect and transmit the noise, getting rid of the side lobes equals getting rid of the noise.

現在，由於邊葉收集並傳播噪音，消除邊葉就等於消除噪音。

But simply saying an antenna has zero side lobes is somewhat vague.

但是，僅僅說天線的邊葉為零有點含糊不清。

So it's like saying, well, I drove very fast, instead of saying I drove 200 kilometers per hour, when it's clear to everyone how fast you actually drove.

這就好比說，好吧，我開得很快，而不是說我每小時開 200 公里，因為大家都很清楚你實際開了多快。

So is there a measure of the amount of side lobes an antenna has?

那麼，有沒有衡量天線側葉數量的方法呢？

Yes, there is.

是的，有。

It's beam efficiency.

這是光束效率。

So it is the ratio of the energy contained in the main lobe to the total energy an antenna radiates.

是以，它是主波束所含能量與天線輻射總能量之比。

In other words, it says what part of the radiated energy is going into the main lobe.

換句話說，它表示輻射能量的哪一部分進入了主瓣。

So the higher the beam efficiency is, the less side lobes an antenna has.

是以，波束效率越高，天線的側葉就越少。

The maximum beam efficiency is 100%, which is the best case.

最大光束效率為 100%，這是最好的情況。

The closer to 0% the beam efficiency is, the more side lobes an antenna has.

波束效率越接近 0%，天線的邊葉就越多。

Beam efficiency makes comparison of two antennas in terms of the side lobe performance extremely easy.

波束效率使比較兩根天線的側葉性能變得非常容易。

The higher number wins.

數字大者獲勝。

That's it.

就是這樣。

And in this example, you can see the symmetrical horn has beam efficiency of 94%.

在這個例子中，你可以看到對稱喇叭的光束效率高達 94%。

So only 6% of the power it radiates is in the side lobes.

是以，只有 6% 的輻射功率來自側葉。

A typical patch array sector, on the other hand, has a beam efficiency of 69%.

而典型的貼片陣列扇形的光束效率為 69%。

So the remaining 31% of the energy it radiates is in the side lobes.

是以，它輻射的其餘 31% 的能量都在側葉。

So 94% is clearly more than 69%.

是以，94% 顯然高於 69%。

And therefore, symmetrical horn is much better antenna in terms of noise suppression.

是以，就噪聲抑制而言，對稱喇叭是更好的天線。

And the rest of our horn sectors are no worse whatsoever.

而我們的其他喇叭部門也毫不遜色。

In fact, the average beam efficiency across all our antennas is 93%.

事實上，我們所有天線的平均波束效率為 93%。

So the ultra horn, for example, has beam efficiency of 99%, which makes it the best antenna in terms of the noise suppression on the waste market, in our opinion.

是以，以超號角為例，它的波束效率高達 99%，在我們看來，它是廢品市場上噪聲抑制效果最好的天線。

Collocating increasing amount of patch array sectors is problematic.

將越來越多的補丁陣列扇區拼接在一起是個問題。

You see a gradual decline of the network throughput and stability until you arrive at a point where an additional sector, even one more additional sector, kills the site completely.

你會看到網絡吞吐量和穩定性逐漸下降，直到增加一個扇區，哪怕是多一個扇區，都會使網站徹底癱瘓。

Now with horns, this problem is practically non-existent.

現在有了牛角，這個問題幾乎不存在了。

The zero side lobe pattern enables predictable dense collocations without any degradation of the network performance.

零側葉模式可實現可預測的密集配位，而不會降低網絡性能。

Since they don't have any side lobes, they don't collect or transmit their surrounding noise.

由於它們沒有任何側葉，是以不會收集或傳播周圍的噪音。

So how densely can you collocate horns?

那麼，犄角的分佈密度有多大？

And that's the question.

這就是問題所在。

These images give you a clear answer, very densely.

這些圖片給了你一個清晰的答案，非常密集。

So many, so many sectors on one side are only possible when using horns.

只有在使用喇叭的情況下，才有可能在一側設置這麼多、這麼大的扇形。

Like no traditional sector will let you do this kind of deployments and installs.

任何傳統部門都不會讓你進行這種部署和安裝。

The frequency stability of the radiation pattern of a horn is unmatched.

號角輻射模式的頻率穩定性無與倫比。

So you can see it changing a little bit with the frequency, but the resulting change of the coverage area is negligible.

是以，你可以看到它隨著頻率的變化而發生了一些變化，但由此產生的覆蓋範圍的變化可以忽略不計。

The frequency stability is a factor important for connection stability when changing the channels.

頻率穩定性是更換頻道時保證連接穩定性的一個重要因素。

So with the horns, there is practically no change in the coverage throughput.

是以，使用喇叭後，覆蓋吞吐量幾乎沒有變化。

In the coverage throughput of the useful spectrum, throughout the useful spectrum.

在整個有用頻譜的覆蓋吞吐量中。

Most patchery sector antennas have many side lobes and unfortunately also the main lobe that changes with frequency.

大多數補間扇形天線都有許多邊葉，不幸的是，主葉也會隨頻率變化。

Yes, both side lobes and the main lobe change with frequency.

是的，側葉和主葉都會隨頻率變化。

And this results in too fluctuating coverage of a sector perceived throughout the sector and especially by the customers at the edges of a sector as unstable throughput.

這就導致整個行業，特別是行業邊緣的客戶，認為行業的覆蓋面波動太大，吞吐量不穩定。

Not to say the added noise because of all those big and many side lobes.

更不用說那些又大又多的側葉所帶來的額外噪音了。

The maximum gain further illustrates the stability of horns.

最大增益進一步說明了喇叭的穩定性。

So the red gain curve is, sorry, the green gain curve is almost completely flat.

是以，紅色增益曲線，對不起，綠色增益曲線幾乎是完全平坦的。

And that's the gain of the horns in general.

這就是號角的總體收益。

Whereas with the traditional sector, the gain changes drastically within the same frequency band which is completely undesirable.

而傳統扇區的增益在同一頻段內會發生劇烈變化，這是完全不可取的。

So ideally, the gain curve should be completely horizontal.

是以，理想情況下增益曲線應完全水準。

And this is what horns practically do have already.

而這正是牛角實際上已經擁有的。

Unlike any antenna technology on the market, the RF element horns offer a unique toolset of 11 different antennas that let you optimize the coverage you provide regardless of the customer density or distribution.

與市場上的任何天線技術不同，射頻元件喇叭提供由 11 種不同天線組成的獨特工具集，無論客戶密度或分佈情況如何，都能讓您優化所提供的覆蓋範圍。

So the denser the sector is with the customers, the narrower bandwidth you want to use and vice versa.

是以，客戶越密集的地區，您希望使用的帶寬就越窄，反之亦然。

The lower customer density areas are better covered with the wider bandwidth horns.

寬帶喇叭能更好地覆蓋客戶密度較低的區域。

All the favorable properties of horn technology enable unlimited scalability of 5 GHz wireless networks.

喇叭技術的所有有利特性使 5 GHz 無線網絡具有無限的可擴展性。

Because if a sector performs reliably and with the minimum noise and you can keep adding more and more sectors without degrading the performance of those already in place, you have won.

因為如果一個扇區的性能穩定，噪音最小，並且可以不斷增加扇區，而不會降低已安裝扇區的性能，那麼你就贏了。

You can plan your network coverage with the precision and with all the horns at hand.

您可以精確規劃網絡覆蓋範圍，並將所有喇叭都掌握在手中。

The sky is the limit on how big your network can actually be.

您的網絡可以無限大。

And this is the core message of our technology, the sustainable and fast wireless.

這就是我們技術的核心資訊--可持續的快速無線技術。

Compared to the traditional patch array sector antenna with very narrow beam and the elevation plane horn, horns can have symmetrical beam, for example, meaning it has the same width in the azimuth and elevation.

與波束非常窄的傳統貼片陣列扇形天線和仰角平面號角相比，號角可以有對稱的波束，例如，這意味著它在方位角和仰角具有相同的寬度。

So that's the case with the symmetrical horns.

對稱角就是這種情況。

The asymmetrical horns have the radiation pattern that combines the best of the horn technology and the patch array sectors.

非對稱喇叭的輻射模式結合了喇叭技術和貼片陣列扇形的優點。

So on one hand, it's the shape of the main beam that is similar to the patch array sector with the narrower beam width in the elevation plane, compared to the symmetrical horn, of course.

是以，一方面，主波束的形狀與貼片陣列扇形相似，當然，與對稱喇叭相比，仰角平面上的波束寬度較窄。

But at the same time, it has the zero side lobes, as all our horns do.

但與此同時，它的側葉為零，我們所有的喇叭都是如此。

With the traditional patch array sectors, it is hard to cover the areas near the site.

傳統的貼片陣列扇形很難覆蓋站點附近的區域。

With horns, both symmetrical and asymmetrical, this problem is practically non-existent.

無論是對稱還是不對稱的喇叭，都幾乎不存在這個問題。

Thanks to the extra beam width in the elevation plane the horns offer, the coverage of the areas near the tower is automatic, regardless of the landscape type.

由於喇叭在仰角平面上提供了額外的波束寬度，是以無論景觀類型如何，都能自動覆蓋塔架附近的區域。

And this difference is most obvious in the mountainous areas.

這種差異在山區最為明顯。

Here, the traditional patch arrays fail, completely fail because of their narrow elevation beam width.

在這種情況下，傳統的貼片陣列就會失效，因為它們的仰角波束寬度很窄。

But horns do just fine.

不過，喇叭也不錯。

Again, thanks to the wider radiation pattern in the elevation plane.

這也要歸功於仰角平面上更寬的輻射模式。

The down tilt is a huge factor influencing the coverage area when you're using the traditional patch array sectors.

在使用傳統貼片陣列扇區時，下傾角是影響覆蓋範圍的一個重要因素。

You can see that anything beyond a few degrees of the down tilt makes the patch arrays practically useless.

您可以看到，只要向下傾斜超過幾度，貼片陣列就幾乎毫無用處。

You completely lose the coverage of the distant areas and all that it takes is a few degrees of down tilt.

只需向下傾斜幾度，就會完全失去對遠處區域的覆蓋。

Now with horns, the down tilt is an added functionality.

現在有了喇叭，向下傾斜是一項附加功能。

The coverage area smoothly shrinks while maintaining its shape.

在保持形狀的同時，覆蓋區域會平滑縮小。

So changing the down tilt, you can dynamically change the sector coverage, as you wish, obviously depending on the situation, as well as decrease the noise level.

是以，改變向下傾斜的角度，就可以隨心所欲地動態改變扇區覆蓋範圍，這顯然取決於具體情況，同時還能降低噪音水準。

Because the bigger the down tilt, the less noise you see and receive from the distant areas.

因為向下傾斜越大，您從遠處看到和接收到的噪音就越少。

The size of the horns makes their installation easy, even on a crowded site and saves you the tower rental fees too.

喇叭的尺寸使其即使在擁擠的場地也能輕鬆安裝，還能為您節省塔架租賃費用。

So with their size being a fraction of the traditional patch array sectors, you can fit much more sectors in the same place when comparing the traditional patch array technology and our horn technology.

是以，由於它們的尺寸僅為傳統貼片陣列扇區的一小部分，是以在比較傳統貼片陣列技術和我們的喇叭技術時，您可以在相同的位置安裝更多的扇區。

The 30 degree asymmetrical horn has a beam switch feature.

30 度不對稱喇叭具有光束開關功能。

So swapping the position of the handle and the bracket, the radiation pattern rotates 90 degrees.

是以，交換手柄和支架的位置，輻射模式就會旋轉 90 度。

So you switch from the 30 degree beam width to the 20 degree beam width in case you need to, for example, narrow down the sector you cover.