Name: 消防栓干涸？洛杉磯大火為何救災如此不利？ (L.A. Fires: Why Did the Fire Hydrants Run Dry? What We Know | WSJ)
Uploaded: 2025-01-16T21:01:20.000Z
Duration: 4 min 53 s

程度副詞

When fire hydrants ran dry in the Pacific Palisades, it sparked a wave of criticism and even misinformation.

當太平洋帕利塞德的消防栓乾涸時，引發了一波責備甚至是誤傳。

轉承詞

Because Karen Bass didn't fill the reservoirs, so all the fire reservoirs were not, so the fire trucks were there, they couldn't pump water.

因為卡倫-巴斯沒有給水庫注水，所以所有的消防水庫都沒有水，所以消防車在那裡，他們無法抽水。

But amid widespread frustration and a report that a local reservoir in the Palisades was offline and empty due to repairs, California Governor Gavin Newsom issued a review of Los Angeles Water and Power.

但是，由於人們普遍感到沮喪，而且有報導稱當地帕利塞德的一個水庫因維修而斷電，水庫中的水已經用完，加州州長加文-紐森（Gavin Newsom）對洛杉磯水電公司進行了審查。

Here's how the water supply system works and what we know about why hydrants ran out of water at the height of the Palisades fire.

以下是供水系統的工作原理，以及我們所瞭解的帕利塞德大火高峰期消防栓缺水的原因。

About two-thirds of L.A. County's water comes from sources outside of L.A.

洛杉磯約三分之二的的水源來自洛杉磯以外的地區。

And because L.A. is surrounded by mountains and hills, much of that water has to be pushed up to higher elevations.

由於洛杉磯四周都是山脈和丘陵，大部分水都要被推到海拔較高的地方。

Water is heavy, relatively speaking, and so it takes energy to pump it upstream.

相對來說，水是很重的，是以將水抽到上游需要能量。

Eric Porce, director of the California Institute for Water Resources, says you can think of the system sort of like a tree with interconnected branches.

加州水資源研究所所長埃裡克-波爾切說，你可以把這個系統想象成一棵樹，樹上有相互連接的枝條。

There are big trunk mains that move water from a source, like a water treatment plant or a reservoir, and carry it to smaller distribution mains, which split off from the trunk.

有一些大型主幹管將水從水源（如水處理廠或水庫）輸送到從主幹管分出的較小的配水幹管。

From there, the water is moved through even smaller pipes or lateral lines that carry water to homes, businesses and fire hydrants.

然後，通過更小的管道或側線將水輸送到家庭、企業和消防栓。

In some areas, tanks and reservoirs are placed throughout the system to help maintain pressure, because pressure is what pushes water into all of the nodes.

在一些地區，整個系統都設有水箱和蓄水池，以幫助保持壓力，因為壓力是將水推入所有節點的動力。

But during the L.A. wildfires, officials said intense demand overwhelmed the system, which drained several tanks and meant that there wasn't enough pressure to push water to hydrants up in the Palisades.

但在洛杉磯野火期間，官方表示，巨大的需求使系統不堪重負，幾個水箱的水被耗盡，這意味著沒有足夠的壓力將水推向帕利塞德山上的消防栓。

So I want to make sure that you understand there's water in the trunk line that just cannot get off the hill because we cannot fill the tank fast enough.

所以，我想讓你們明白，主幹線上的水無法從山上流走，因為我們無法以足夠快的速度將水箱注滿。

Officials say there wasn't a lack of water in L.A., and data shows that major California reservoirs were at or above historic averages when the fires broke out.

官方說，洛杉磯並不缺水，數據顯示，大火發生時，加州主要水庫的蓄水量達到或超過歷史平均水平。

But in a letter to L.A. officials, Newsom called the ongoing reports of the loss of water pressure to some local hydrants during the fires and the reported unavailability of water supplies from the Santa Ynez Reservoir deeply troubling.

但紐森在給洛杉磯官員的一封信中稱，不斷有報導稱火災期間當地一些消防栓的水壓下降，而且據報導聖塔伊內茲水庫也無法供水，這令人深感不安。

However, a former city official told the L.A. Times that given the severity of the fires, the area still would have experienced serious drops in pressure even with that reservoir.

然而，一位前市政府官員告訴《洛杉磯時報》，鑑於火災的嚴重程度，即使有水庫，該地區的壓力仍然會嚴重下降。

Those distribution systems aren't really designed to manage wildfire, especially wildfire that was spreading at this rate.

這些分配系統並不是為管理野火而設計的，尤其是以這種速度蔓延的野火。

Meanwhile, state officials are pushing back against claims that environmental policies caused L.A. to have water problems, as some blamed Newsom and the state's efforts to protect species like the Delta smelt fish by restricting the flow of some water to Southern California.

與此同時，州政府官員正在反駁有關環境政策導致洛杉磯出現水資源問題的說法，一些人指責紐森和州政府通過限制部分水流進入南加州來保護三角洲胡瓜魚等物種。

You're just letting water run into the Pacific because of what, a fish that no one's heard of?

你讓水流入太平洋，就為了什麼，一條誰都沒聽說過的魚？

Incoming President Trump posted he wanted to protect an essentially worthless fish called a smelt by giving it less water.

即將上任的美國總統川普發文稱，他希望通過減少給胡瓜魚的水量來保護一種本質上毫無價值的魚類。

It didn't work, but didn't care about the people of California.

它沒有發揮作用，卻對加州人民不聞不問。

So what's happened is a tragedy and the governor has not done a good job.

現在發生的是一場悲劇，州長沒有做好工作。

What do you say to the criticism that the state has mismanaged water supplies?

有人責備國家對供水管理不善，你對此有何評論？

The fact that there is water in reservoirs beyond what is average traditionally for this time of year means that we are moving water when it is available.

事實上，水庫中的水量超出了傳統上每年這個時候的平均水量，這意味著我們在有水的時候就會調水。

And I want to be very, very clear the way that we are moving water and have been moving water and conditions that we're seeing in Southern California around access to that water.

我想非常、非常清楚地說明我們目前和一直以來的運水方式，以及我們在南加州看到的與獲取水資源有關的情況。

It has nothing to do with protected fish species under the law.

這與受法律保護的魚類物種無關。

Carla Namath and other California officials say one of the biggest issues was actually wind.

卡拉-納馬斯和其他加州官員說，最大的問題之一其實是風。

The fire is being fueled by a combination of strong winds and surrounding topography, which is making it extremely challenging for our personnel that are assigned to this incident.

強風和周圍地形共同助長了火勢，這給我們派往此次事件的人員帶來了極大的挑戰。

Is there anything California or L.A. officials could have done better to mitigate the threat of these fires?

加州或洛杉磯的官員在減輕這些火災的威脅方面還有什麼可以做得更好的嗎？

There will be lots of opportunity after this event to understand what happened.

事情結束後，我們將有很多機會了解發生了什麼。

And we will learn from that and especially in the context of climate.

我們將從中吸取教訓，特別是在氣候方面。

And we will we will adjust and move forward.

I think it's really important for folks to understand that that a fire suppression strategy for a wildland fire is not dealt with with localized community fire hydrants.

我認為，重要的是要讓人們明白，野外火災的滅火策略不是通過當地社區的消防栓來解決的。

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消防栓干涸？洛杉磯大火為何救災如此不利？ (L.A. Fires: Why Did the Fire Hydrants Run Dry? What We Know | WSJ)

intense

essentially

overwhelmed

ultimate