Name: 【CNN10】感恩節商店關門、疫苗物流、QR碼的爭端、關於沉船的討論｜2020年11月24日 (Thanksgiving And Beyond | November 24, 2020)
Uploaded: 2020-11-30T21:01:30.000Z
Duration: 10 min 1 s

Quote: "We know this has been a trying year."

引言：「我們知道今年是艱難的一年。」

It's part of a statement by the CEO of Wal Mart, and the reason behind it is part of our first story today.

這是沃爾瑪首席執行官聲明的一部分，其背後的原因也是我們今天第一篇報導的一部分。

The statement goes on to say: "We hope our associates will enjoy a special Thanksgiving Day at home with their loved ones."

聲明中還說，我們希望我們的員工能在家裡和他們的親人一起享受這個特別的感恩節。

It's the first time in more than 30 years that Wal Mart has closed on Thanksgiving.

這是沃爾瑪營業 30 多年來第一次在感恩節關門。

Best Buy, Dick's Sporting Goods, and Macy's are some of the other companies doing this.

百思買、迪克體育用和梅西百貨其他一些公司也照做了。

The reason they've been open in the past on "turkey day" was to get a head start on Black Friday, the day after Thanksgiving.

它們過去之所以在「火雞節」開張，是為了能在感恩節後一天的黑色星期五搶佔先機。

That's traditionally been the start of the holiday shopping season.

一直以來，這都是節日購物季的開端。

Critics have said their employees should be allowed to stay home with their families, and that challenges brought on by the coronavirus pandemic have factored into these companies' decision to close this Thanksgiving.

批評者表示，他們的員工應該留在家與家人在一起，新冠肺炎帶來的難題也成為這些公司决定在今年感恩節關門的原因之一。

However, they don't wanna be forced to close on black Friday.

然而，他們不想在黑色星期五被迫關門。

U.S. cities and states enacted shutdowns earlier this year to try to slow the spread of coronavirus, but some businesses like Target, Costco and Amazon were allowed to stay open because they sell groceries, which are considered essential.

今年早些時候，美國各城市和州頒佈了停業措施，試圖減緩新冠肺炎的傳播，但塔吉特、好市多和亞馬遜等企業獲准繼續營業，因為它們是出售不可或缺的日常用品。

While clothing stores and retailers like Macy's, which don't sell groceries, were forced to close.

而服裝店和梅西百貨等不賣雜貨的零售商則被迫關門。

That caused Macy's to lose sales to its competitors.

這導致梅西百貨的銷售量輸給了競爭對手。

So it's working with state and local leaders to show it has safety measures in place and to discourage officials from forcing stores to close again at a time when shopping is so important to them.

因此，它與州和地方領導人合作表示它們有安全措施，並當購物對他們來說很重要的時候，勸阻官員別強迫商店再次關閉。

So when will everything just ... get back to normal?

什麼時候一切才能恢復正常呢？

That is the question no one seems to know the answer to.

這個問題似乎沒有人能知道答案。

And even though several drug companies, including AstraZeneca now, have announced progress and making a coronavirus vaccine, that's only one step in a big challenge.

而即使現在包括 AstraZeneca 在內的幾家製藥公司已經宣佈有進展，並製作出了新冠肺炎疫苗，但這只是難題中的一小步。

With dozens of human trials underway, scientists around the world are racing to develop a COVID-19 vaccine.

隨著幾十項人體試驗的進行，世界各地的科學家都在競相研發新冠肺炎的疫苗。

(Portuguese) The hope for COVID-19 vaccines...

(葡萄牙文) 對於新冠肺炎疫苗德希望...

But experts warn a vaccine won't be a magic bullet.

但專家警告，疫苗不是個魔彈。

And there are several challenging steps ahead before a safe and effective vaccine can have an impact on the spread of the virus.

在安全有效的疫苗能防止病毒傳播之前，我們還有一些極具挑戰性的步驟。

First, any vaccine must be approved or authorized by a regulatory body.

首先，任何疫苗都必須得到監察機構的準許或授權。

If it's going to be used in the United States, for example, it needs to get a green light from the US Food and Drug Administration.

例如，若要在美國使用，就需要得到美國食品藥品監督管理局的核准。

Under usual circumstances before the pandemic, it would take a very long time to get approval from the FDA for a vaccine.

在疫情前，通常情况下，疫苗要獲得 FDA 的核准需要很長的時間。

But now, because of the pandemic, vaccines are undergoing what's called "emergency use authorization."

但現在因為疫情，疫苗現在啟用「緊急使用授權」。

Usually, once a vaccine gets the green light from regulators, the manufacturing process goes full steam ahead.

通常情況下，一旦疫苗獲得監管部門的核准，生產過程就會全面進行。

但像 Pfizer 這樣的公司並沒有等待核准。

Instead, they have produced their vaccine candidates in large quantities.

相反，他們已經大量生產了候選疫苗。

Among the earliest vaccines out of the gate are the so called "mRNA" vaccines.

其中，最早問世的疫苗是「mRNA疫苗」。

Companies including Pfizer and Moderna are working on this type.

包括 Pfizer 和 Moderna 在內的公司正在研究這種類型的疫苗。

These are new vaccines--there are no vaccines out there currently that are made this way.

這些是新型疫苗，目前還沒有其他疫苗這樣製造的。

While many vaccines inject a weakened or inactive pathogen into the body, mRNA vaccines on the other hand deliver a small piece of the pathogen's genetic code into a human cell.

雖然許多疫苗將一種弱化或不活躍的病原體注入人體，但另一方面，mRNA 疫苗將病原體遺傳密碼的一小部分傳遞至人體細胞中。

This prompts the body to produce a synthetic copy of the virus's attacking properties, and eventually the body launches a counterattack against the quote "invader."

這就會促使人體產生具有攻擊特性的病毒的合成副本，最終人體對「入侵者」發起反擊。

One big advantage of mRNA vaccines is that they can be made quite quickly.

mRNA疫苗的一大優勢是可以很快地製作出來。

Many other types of vaccines are harder to manufacture and need more time.

許多其他類型的疫苗製造難度較高，需要時間也更多。

Still, we need billions of doses for the world's population.

不過，我們還是需要數十億劑量給世界各地的人口。

Once vaccines are made, a new challenge arises: how to get them to billions of people around the world.

疫苗製成後，要如何將疫苗送到全世界數十億人手中，又是一項新的挑戰。

Experts say that handling vaccines is a delicate matter.

專家表示，製造疫苗是一件需要小心處理的事情。

Vaccines are stored in refrigerators or sometimes in freezers, however, this Pfizer vaccine is different.

疫苗疫苗存放在冰箱裡，有時也存放在冰櫃裡，但是 Pfizer 的疫苗不同。

It needs to be stored at a very cold temperature--minus 75 degrees Celsius.

它需要在攝氏零下 75 度的極寒溫度下儲存。

They don't have freezers that go that low, so distributing and storing these vaccines is tricky.

他們沒有那麼低溫的冰櫃，所以分發和儲存這些疫苗是很棘手的。

Once the vaccine is distributed, it likely won't be mandatory in the U.S. and many other countries.

疫苗一旦發放，很可能在美國和一些其他國家不會成為強制施打的疫苗。

If you have a great vaccine and people aren't willing to take it, it's not going to work.

如果有一個很棒的疫苗，但人們不願意接受它，它便不會有成效。

Many people are suspicious of the COVID-19 vaccine.

許多人對新冠肺炎疫苗持懷疑的態度。

Polls have shown that many Americans don't want to get it.

民調顯示許多美國人不想接種此疫苗。

It will take many months to vaccinate the population and in the meantime, measures such as wearing masks and social distancing will be crucial.

為民眾接種疫苗需要很多個月的時間，與此同時，戴口罩和社交距離等措施將至關重要。

Nobody knows exactly when this vaccine will be ready for people to use, but the folks who are running the vaccine programs for the United States government, they say it's very possible that we could have shots in arms before the end of the year.

沒有人知道此疫苗到底什麼時候能研發完成並讓人們施打，但那些為美國政府管理疫苗項目的人們說，我們很有可能在今年年底前就能施打疫苗。

We would start with high-priority groups that would include the elderly doctors and nurses and others who are taking care of COVID patients.

我們會先從高風險族群開始，包括老年、醫生和護士以及其他照顧新冠肺炎病患的人。

People with underlying conditions, they would go first.

有潛在條件的人他們會先施打疫苗。

So if you're not in one of these high-priority groups, it is possible that you would have to wait until the spring to get a COVID-19 vaccine.

所以，如果你不在這些高風險族群當中，有可能要等到春季才能接種新冠肺炎疫苗。

Some health officials also promote contact tracing as a way to slow the spread of coronavirus.

一些衛生官員也提倡追蹤染疫者，以此減緩新冠肺炎的傳播。

It keeps track of where people go and wherever they might have come in contact with the disease.

這可以追蹤她們的去向，以及他們可能接觸到疾病的地方。

Privacy advocates have deep concerns about this because people's personal information would be tracked by an outside company or government.

隱私權倡導者對此深表擔憂，因為人們的個資會被外部公司或政府追蹤。

There are also concerns about whether this information would be used to limit people's freedoms whenever they were exposed to coronavirus.

也有人擔心只要人們接觸到新冠肺炎，這些資訊是否會被用來限制人們的自由。

The communist government of China doesn't allow the degree of freedom that Western democracies do, and it's using in promoting QR codes or electronic barcodes as a means of tracking people's travel and health history.

中國共產黨政府不允許像西方民主國家的自由，它推廣 QR 碼或電子條碼，將其當作追蹤人們旅遊和健康史的一種方法。

China's reopening is happening under the watchful eye of big data and perhaps Big Brother, local governments tracking the movements of hundreds of millions.

中國的重新開放是在大數據的監視下進行的，或許專制政府、地方政府都在追蹤上億人的動向。

We noticed that start of this effort back in mid February, arriving in Shanghai from Beijing, each arriving passenger required to write down health and travel history and register for your personal QR or barcode.

我們注意到早在二月中旬就開始了這項工作，從北京到上海，每個到達的旅客都需要填寫健康史和旅遊史，並登記你的個人QR碼或條碼。

Have you been traveling away from China for the 30 days? No ...

你是否離開中國，去旅遊超過三十天了？沒有...

A few weeks later, and Shanghai had rolled out its QR codes citywide.

幾週後，上海已經在全市推廣了 QR 碼。

Walking into a restaurant, hotel, shopping mall, you're expected to show it.

走進餐廳、飯店或商場，你都需要展示它，

Here in Shanghai, shop owners and hotel managers have told us a green means you're clear to go in, yellow or red suggests you've been in an area with high exposure to the virus and it could mean quarantine.

上海店主和飯店經理告訴我們，綠色代表你可以在安心進入，黃色或紅色代表你在一個病毒高度暴露的地區，它也可能意味著隔離。

It is all part of "contact tracing," an effort to track and contain confirmed cases here in China.

這都是「接觸者追蹤」的一部分，是中國為了追蹤和遏制確診病例付出的努力。

Here in China, it's done on the widely used WeChat and Alipay apps.

在中國，這是在人民廣泛使用的微信和支付寶應用程式上實現的。

To stop the spread of the virus, contact tracing is an essential step, and this is why similar initiatives are being adopted in many places around the world.

為了抑制病毒的傳播，追蹤的方式是個重要的步驟，這也是為什麼世界上很多地方都在採取類似的措施。

Major Chinese tech companies are finding other innovations amid the outbreak.

在此次疫情爆發期間，中國各大科技公司也在尋找其他創新。

CNN spoke with Shin Chung hwa from Alibaba.

CNN 採訪了來自阿里巴巴的華先勝。

He does artificial intelligence research, he says.

他說，他是做人工智能研究的。

He says more than 160 hospitals in China and others in Japan are using the CT image analytics to help diagnose coronavirus.

他說，中國和日本的 160 多家醫院正在使用 CT 影像分析技術來幫助診斷新冠肺炎。

The whole approach is nearly 60-times faster than human detection.

這整個方法比人類檢測快了近 60 倍。

Alibaba (is) also turning to genome sequencing, analyzing the viruses DNA to help diagnose the virus.

阿里巴巴也在轉向基因組測序，分析病毒的 DNA 來幫助檢測病毒。

They say they can screen 20 samples simultaneously.

他們表示可以同時篩選 20 個樣本。

The tech giant (is) also involved in tracking future hotspots of the virus.

科技巨頭公司也參與了未來對病毒熱點的追蹤。

It's all giving the company potential access to so much personal health data, raising privacy concerns.

這一切都讓公司可能接觸到非常多的個人健康數據，而引發隱私問題。

We just analyze it and then passed the result to (the) hospital, where (a) doctor can use it as a reference to exercise their own medical judgement.

我們只用來分析，然後傳送結果給醫院，醫生可以用它當參考，以運用在自己的醫療判斷中。

Personal local data and health information, it might prove effective in containing the spread, but is it the start of China using a pandemic to closely track its citizens and those potentially of other countries?

地方個資和健康資訊，這或許能有效地遏制疫情蔓延，但這是否是中國利用疫情密切追蹤本國人民和其他國家潛在公民的開端？

Local governments using the QR (codes) have publicly posted they will discontinue them as soon as the outbreak ends.

使用 QR 碼的地方政府已經公開聲明，一旦疫情結束，他們將立即停止使用。

Who's going to determine, like, for example, when the pandemic actually ends?

這該由誰來決定，例如，疫情到底何時會結束？

When should governments or companies actually delete the personal data or the tracing data that they're actually collecting?

政府或公司何時該真的删除他們實際收集的個人數據或追蹤數據？

For now, many here in China focused on stopping the spread and navigating their new normal.

目前，中國許多人都把注意力集中在遏止疫情擴散，並適應新的生活方式。

St. Augustine, Florida is the oldest city in the U.S.

佛羅里達的奥古斯丁是美國最古老的城市。

So it may not seem surprising that erosion from a recent tropical storm would reveal a historic shipwreck.

最近一場熱帶風暴的侵蝕會揭露出某次歷史性的沉船事故，這似乎並不奇怪。

Researchers think this is the remains of a merchant ship that unknowingly sailed into a hurricane in the 1800s and wound up on the shore here.

研究人員認為這是一艘商船的遺骸，它在 19 世紀不知不覺中撞上了颶風，最後在這裡擱淺。

Its crew survived, and apparently so did the wreckage, protected by the sand from the sun and the salty air.

船員倖存，顯然地殘骸也是，受到沙子的保護，他沒有受到陽光和空氣的影響。

Hard to say how many gallons of water washed over it, but it is a "sloop-er" discovery that no one "driftwood" forget now that it's made its bark like a true merchant man!

很難說有多少加侖的水沖刷過它，但它是個驚人發現，沒有「漂流木」能忘記現在它的樹皮像一個真正的商人。

You knew we were not going to set sail without wrecking your Tuesday with some puns.

你知道我們不會在不破壞你的星期二的情況下起航的。

Bosse High School is in Evansville, Indiana, and the reason I mentioned that is because Bosse subscribed and left a comment on our YouTube channel.

Bosse 中學在印第安納州的 Evansville，我之所以提及是因為 Bosse 在我們的 YouTube 頻道上訂閱並留言。

Do the same thing and you could hear your school next Monday when we return from the Thanksgiving break.

做同樣的事情，下週一感恩節放假回來，你就可以在這聽到你們學校的名字。