hitherto

US /ˌhɪðərˈtu:/

・

UK /ˌhɪðəˈtu:/

B2 中高級

adv.副詞迄今

We need to replace what has hitherto been an unstable solution

影片字幕

想談場浪漫戀愛？其實「浪漫主義」可能是真愛殺手.... (How Romanticism Ruined Love)

05:28

想談場浪漫戀愛？其實「浪漫主義」可能是真愛殺手.... (How Romanticism Ruined Love)

Romanticism took marriage, hitherto seen as practical and emotionally temperate union, and fused it together with a passionate love story to create a unique proposition of a life-long, passionate love marriage.
浪漫主義將迄今為止被視為實用取向且須節制感情的婚姻關係，與激情的愛情故事互相結合後產生出一種對婚姻的獨特主張，認為婚姻應要彼此終生奉獻，且充滿了激情的愛戀。

《復仇者聯盟3：無限之戰》彩蛋 (Easter Eggs You Missed In Avengers Infinity War)

10:02

《復仇者聯盟3：無限之戰》彩蛋 (Easter Eggs You Missed In Avengers Infinity War)

"He can destroy life on a scale hitherto undreamt of?"
"他能以前所未有的規模摧毀生命？"
"Did you seriously just say 'hitherto undreamt of?'"
"你剛才真的說了'至今未見'嗎？"

價格會影響你看待物品的價值嗎？價格心理學大剖析！ (Why We Hate Cheap Things)

07:40

價格會影響你看待物品的價值嗎？價格心理學大剖析！ (Why We Hate Cheap Things)

In 1927, a hitherto unknown airmail pilot called Charles Lindbergh became the first man to complete a solo crossing of the Atlantic in this plane the Spirit of St. Louis.
1927 年，迄今仍沒沒無聞的航空郵件飛行員查爾斯．林白駕駛聖路易斯精神號，達成史上第一次單人飛越大西洋。

政治中還有信任嗎？| 與約翰-柯蒂斯爵士教授對話 (Is there still trust in politics? | In Conversation with Professor Sir John Curtice)

57:49

政治中還有信任嗎？| 與約翰-柯蒂斯爵士教授對話 (Is there still trust in politics? | In Conversation with Professor Sir John Curtice)

One of the interesting, one of the fundamental failures of the Eurosceptic right hitherto has been to develop a stable party structure to articulate the Eurosceptic point of view.
歐洲懷疑論右派到目前為止，一個有趣的、一個根本的失敗，就是他們沒辦法建立一個穩定的黨的組織來闡述歐洲懷疑論的觀點。

IT Crowd - Jen the Fredo | 全集 | 系列 4 第 1 集 (The IT Crowd - Jen the Fredo | Full Episode | Series 4 Episode 1)

24:41

IT Crowd - Jen the Fredo | 全集 | 系列 4 第 1 集 (The IT Crowd - Jen the Fredo | Full Episode | Series 4 Episode 1)

So gentlemen, are you prepared to open the doors to your minds and travel to worlds hitherto undreamed of?
那麼各位，你們準備好敞開心扉，前往那些從未想像過的世界了嗎？

未寄出信件的祕密力量 (The Secret Power of Unsent Letters)

03:17

未寄出信件的祕密力量 (The Secret Power of Unsent Letters)

A general principle of mental health is that the less we are able to express, the more unwell we get. It's when we have to stifle our rage, sadness or fear that we start to develop secondary symptoms – sleeplessness, paranoia, bitterness, poor digestion – just as our spirits can lighten and our horizons expand, once we can find a way to lend outward form to our pains. However, the problem is often one of occasions. We may in theory be ready to say and feel all sorts of things, but our outward circumstances may be highly unconducive to free expression. Perhaps the person we'd really like to say something to is dead, or they may, just as problematically, be distracted, fragile or frightening. We then make the error of imagining that there can be no point in speaking and on this basis stifle our emotions to our increasing cost. But this is to miss out on an unexpected quirk of our psyches. What may matter most in many situations is not, as we might think, that the person we need to speak to is actually able to hear what we have to say, but rather that we have a proper, in-depth chance to say it anyway. There can be as much benefit in shouting our feelings to a deserted beach, a large pillow or an empty chair as there would in having a lengthy dialogue with an intimidating parent or an obtuse lover. The best technique in this tradition may be to write a letter that we never send, either because the person in question is no longer alive or because we just have no expectation that what we could write would remotely be understood. The discipline of writing a long letter has the effect of galvanising our hitherto confused and disparate emotions and forces our intelligence to lay out our story in a systematic and emotionally logical way. As we write, we turn what might have been an inchoate sob into something intelligible, plausible, compassion-inducing and moving. We go from I hate you so much or why why why to a full, leisurely recap of how we felt, why we suffered and what the legacy of our injury has been. We can be like a grown-up lawyer making a case in a courtroom of adults on behalf of a frightened or muddled child. We can take our absent reader into the details of a story that they refuse to see existed and may have done their best to silence. We are giving ourselves an opportunity to feel legitimate in our own eyes. We may realise that the real audience we needed all along was ourselves. We suffer unnecessarily when we think that the only form of catharsis is one that can unfold in the physical presence of a person who damaged us. Our freedom is fortunately far greater than this, because the real sceptic we need to win over and explain our full story to is chiefly and crucially always ourselves.
心理健康的一個普遍原則是，我們越不善於表達，我們就越不健康。當我們不得不壓抑自己的憤怒、悲傷或恐懼時，我們就會開始出現繼發性症狀--失眠、多疑、苦悶、消化不良--而一旦我們能夠找到一種方法，將我們的痛苦以外顯的形式表現出來，我們的精神就會變得輕鬆，我們的視野就會變得開闊。然而，問題往往出在場合上。理論上，我們可能已經準備好說出和感受各種事情，但我們的外在環境可能非常不利於自由表達。也許我們真正想說的人已經死了，或者他們也可能心不在焉、脆弱或令人恐懼。於是，我們就會錯誤地認為說話沒有任何意義，並據此扼殺我們

放過自己吧！「崩潰」其實很重要！ (The Importance of a Breakdown)

05:51

放過自己吧！「崩潰」其實很重要！ (The Importance of a Breakdown)

self-understanding and self-development, which it has hitherto refused to undertake.
自我理解與自我修復的過程，而我們迄今為止都拒絕接受。

巔峰之戰》的十大場景 (Top 10 Scenes From Top Gun)

12:22

巔峰之戰》的十大場景 (Top 10 Scenes From Top Gun)

Take my breath away had hitherto been played continually up to this point, but here the song plays in full as we get one of the most iconic love scenes of the 80s complete with silhouettes and a lot of tongue.
到目前為止，這首歌一直在持續播放，但在這裡，當我們看到80年代最經典的愛情場景之一，並配有剪影和大量的舌頭時，這首歌完整地播放了。

地球上最危險的湖泊 (The Most Dangerous Lake on Earth)

33:50

地球上最危險的湖泊 (The Most Dangerous Lake on Earth)

Sigurdsson referred to his theory of what had happened at Lake Manown in 1984 as a hitherto unknown natural hazard that had the potential of annihilating entire towns.
Sigurdsson 提到了他的理論，即 1984 年在馬諾恩湖發生的事件是一種迄今未知的自然災害，有可能毀滅整個城鎮。
Whatever the cause, the disaster at Lake Nyos showed the world that Sigurdsson's theory of a hitherto unknown natural hazard was correct, and that something that was initially believed to only exist in myth was in fact very terrifyingly real.
無論起因如何，尼奧斯湖的災難向世人表明，西古德森關於一種迄今未知的自然災害的理論是正確的，一種最初被認為只存在於神話中的東西實際上是非常可怕的真實存在。

特朗普週四晚令人心碎的謊言節後，斯蒂芬撕毀了獨白並重新開始。 (Stephen Rips Up The Monologue And Starts Over After Trump's Heartbreaking Thursday Night Lie Fest)

16:30

特朗普週四晚令人心碎的謊言節後，斯蒂芬撕毀了獨白並重新開始。 (Stephen Rips Up The Monologue And Starts Over After Trump's Heartbreaking Thursday Night Lie Fest)

"FOR ELECTORAL VOTE PURPOSES, I FORTHWITH, HERETOFORE, HITHERTO,
"為了選舉投票的目的，我特此，在此，特此：