Name: 為什麼早期卡通人物都要戴手套？卡通裡你不知道的事 (Why cartoon characters wear gloves)
Uploaded: 2022-06-19T21:01:10.000Z
Duration: 4 min 57 s
Description: 相信大家對米老鼠、兔寶寶、高飛這些卡通角色是再熟悉不過了吧？童年真的因為他們多了很多有趣的回憶啊！但你有沒有注意到，他們都帶著手套呢？讓我們來聽聽動畫史學者 John Canemaker 怎麼為我們解答吧！ 1follow-up 0:03 follow-up 在這裡是當成名詞使用，顧名思義，follow 就是指「跟上」；而...

This is the VHS for "An Extremely Goofy Movie".

It's the  follow-up to the cult classic "A Goofy Movie" and it's one of my favorite animated films.

它是經典動畫「高飛狗」的續集，是我最喜歡的動畫片之一

Now, there's a moment in this movie where Bobby Zimmeruski, Max's stoner friend —

好，電影裡有一幕是 Bobby Zimmeruski，麥斯的好朋友

You know, the one that chugs Cheese Whiz.

你知道，把起司擠出來吃的那位。

He says, "Do you ever wonder why we're always like... wearing gloves?”

他說：｢你有沒有想過為什麼我們總是...戴著手套？｣

That's a damn good question, Bobby! Let's figure this out.

這真是個好問題，Bobby！我們來找出原因。

Does the question, "Why do Animated characters wear gloves?", come up a lot for you?

你會常常想到「動畫角色為什麼戴手套？」這個問題嗎？

John: The question rarely comes up, but when it does, there are a number of answers to it.

John：幾乎很少人想到這問題，但真的出現時，它其實是有很多答案的。

That's John Canemaker, he's an animation historian and professor at NYU.

他是 John Canemaker，紐約大學的動畫史學者和教授。

The most basic theory is that gloves saved time.

最基本的理論就是畫手套比較省時間。

John: Animation of any kind, even with computers, is a very work-intensive or labor intensive process.

John：任何一種動畫，即便是電腦動畫，都是工作密集或勞力密集的過程。

"Pardon me. I've always wondered how they were made."

「抱歉，我一直很想知道動畫是怎麼做的。」

At the dawn of animation, everything was hand-drawn over and over and over again.

早期在製作動畫時，所有東西都是靠不停重複的手繪。

And certain techniques to make the process more efficient shaped the style of the cartoons.

讓這過程更有效率的特定方法則形塑了卡通的樣貌。

John: Felix the Cat, for example, was a very boxy-looking character.

John：菲力貓，舉例來說，就是個非常四四方方的角色。

As Felix was becoming more popular, the animator Bill Nolan decided to remove his snout and make him more circular overall.

隨著菲力貓越來越受歡迎，動畫師 Bill Nolan 決定刪去他的鼻子，讓他整體看起來更圓滑。

John: And that design—what they call "the rubber hose and circle design",

John：這個設計—他們稱之為「橡膠水管和圓形設計」，

very spaghetti-like arms of the characters, proceed to the design of Mickey Mouse as well.

角色的手臂像義大利麵一樣，也沿用到了米老鼠的設計上。

This rubber hose and circle  aesthetic allowed animators to quickly draw arms, legs, and hands without spending too much time developing realistic details of the character's body—like elbows and knees.

這個橡膠水管和圓形設計讓動畫師可以快速的畫出手臂、腳、和手而不需花太多時間來了解角色身體的實際細節 — 像是手肘和膝蓋。

A round edge was much faster to draw than an angle, and that certainly applied to hands, with all those fingers and knuckles.

畫圓弧比起稜角快多了，這個結論當然適用於畫有很多指頭和指節的手，

But hands posed another problem for animators in the age of fuzzy black and white film.

然而在低畫質的黑白電影時代，手給動畫師們帶來另一個問題。

John: Characters were in black and white films, difficult to see against their black bodies.

John：角色在黑白電影裡，很難看見他們的動作。

Take a look at Mickey Mouse. In 1927's "Plane Crazy" he had black hands and feet, just like Felix.

來看一下米老鼠，在 1927 年的「飛機迷」他的手腳都是黑的，就像菲力貓。

He gained shoes by 1928's Steamboat Willie, and in 1929 he's wearing gloves in "The Opry House".

1928 年的「蒸氣船威利」他多了雙鞋子，1929 年「The Opry House」他戴上了手套。

The rubber hose style of animation is in full effect here. Every character is  exaggerated, round, and simple.

動畫的橡膠水管風格至此大放異彩。每個角色都很誇張、圓滑、又簡單。

And like many of the glove-wearing cartoon characters of his time,

就像這時代許多戴手套的卡通角色一樣，

Mickey Mouse is a non-human doing very human things.

米老鼠是個揣摩人類動作的非人類。

In his 1968 biography, "The Disney Version", Walt Disney addresses this very issue.

在華特迪士尼 1968 年的傳記「The Disney Version」中提到了這件事。

He says, "We didn't want him to have mouse hands,

他說：｢我們不希望他有老鼠手，

because he was supposed to be more human. So we gave him gloves.”

因為他應該要更像人一點。所以我們給他戴上了手套。｣

So in addition to saving time and providing color contrast, gloves bring non-human things to life, making their grand gestures stand out.

所以除了省時間和提供對比色，手套還讓非人類栩栩如生，讓他們誇大的手勢更顯眼。

These 1935 tea kettles from Van Beuren Studio have them. This movie camera does too.

1935 年范．布勞恩工作室的茶壺戴著手套。這臺電影攝影機也有。

When Pinocchio is a puppet, he wears gloves. But when he becomes a boy, they disappear. They're no longer needed.

當皮諾丘還是木偶的時候，他戴著手套。但當他變成男孩，手套就消失了。不再需要它們了。

But there's another, less practical influence behind cartoon characters' white gloves.

但還有一個，在卡通角色的白手套背後，比較不實際的原因。

The Opry House is a film about Mickey putting on a big vaudeville show.

「The Opry House」是一部講述米老鼠演出雜耍秀的電影。

That film and many of the animations that predated it were  inextricably linked to vaudeville performance and the blackface minstrel shows of the time.

這部電影和許多在此之前的動畫，無可避免的與當時的雜耍表演和黑臉秀 (吟遊詩人) 有所連結。

In fact, early animators often performed on vaudeville stages.

事實上，早期的動畫師常常在雜耍舞台上演出。

Nicholas Sammond writes in Birth of An Industry that early animated characters like Felix the Cat, Bimbo, Bosko, and Mickey Mouse "weren't just like Minstrels, they were Minstrels."

Nicholas Sammond 在「Birth of An Industry」中寫到，早期動畫角色像是菲力貓、Bimbo、Bosko、和米老鼠「不只是像吟遊詩人，他們其實就是吟遊詩人」

Both the cartoons and the stage characters were portrayed as mischievous and rebellious yet good natured.

卡通和舞台劇表演者都被塑造成調皮且叛逆的，但他們卻都有著善良的本性。

They wore loose clothes, had painted faces, and they wore white gloves.

他們穿寬鬆的衣服、臉部彩繪，而且他們都戴白色手套。

In the 1930s vaudeville and blackface minstrelsy declined. White gloves were no longer associated with vaudeville to a new generation of viewers.

在 1930 年代雜耍和吟遊詩人逐漸沒落。對新一代的觀眾而言，白手套不再與雜耍連結。

Instead, they were just part of the cartoon style people came to expect.

轉而，他們只是人們期待的卡通風格的一部分。

John: There's also The Band Concert, do you know that film?

John：還有「米奇音樂會」，你知道那部片嗎？

John: One of the characters is Clarabelle Cow and she plays the flute and her glove gets stuck in the flute [chuckles] so, really strange without the glove on it.

John：其中一個角色是母牛克拉貝兒，她在吹橫笛，結果她的手套卡在笛子裡 (笑)，所以不戴手套真的很奇怪。

Sixty years later Goofy takes off his gloves before getting in a pool and it's frankly, really disturbing.

60 年後高飛進游泳池之前拿下手套，這讓人感到不舒服。

Now what's really bothering me is why Daffy Duck and many other animated birds don't wear gloves.

現在真正讓我困惑的是達菲鴨和其他很多鳥類角色為什麼不戴手套。

Daffy: Look, let's not split hairs. Why do you even wear gloves?

達菲鴨：「嘿，我們就別鑽牛角尖了。你幹嘛要戴手套？」

Bugs Bunny: Because, I've always worn them. It's who I am. Why do you wear that thing around your neck?

兔寶寶：「因為我老是帶著它們。這就是我。你為甚麼在脖子上戴那玩意？」

說得好，兔寶寶。說得太好了。