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Emily Dickinson said over a century ago
愛蜜莉狄金森 100 多年前曾說： (Emily Dickinson)
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that there is no frigate like a book to take us lands away,
沒有船能像書本，載我們遊歷異邦
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and it's true.
一點也沒錯
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When we pick up a book, turn on the TV, or watch a movie,
只要拿起書、開電視、看電影
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We're carried away down the currents of story into a world of imagination.
我們就被故事帶往幻想世界
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And when we land, on a shore that is both new and familiar,
踏上陌生又熟悉的海岸
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something strange happens.
接下來，怪事發生了
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Stepping on to the shore, we're changed.
踏上海岸時，我們改變了
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We don't retrace the footsteps of the authors or characters we followed here:
我們不再追隨作者或主角的足跡
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no. Instead we walk a mile in their shoes.
而是用他們的眼睛看世界
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Researchers in psychology, neuroscience, child development, and biology
心理學、神經科學、兒童發展學、 和生物學的研究人員
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are finally starting to gain quantifiable scientific evidence
終於開始提出量化的科學證據
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showing what writers and readers have always known:
證明作家和讀者早就知道的事：
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That stories have a unique ability to change a person's point of view.
故事有改變個人觀點的獨特力量
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Scholars are discovering evidence that stories shape culture
學者發現了故事形塑文化的證據
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and that much of what we believe about life comes not from fact
我們的許多觀點，並非來自現實
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but from fiction, that our ideas
而是小說
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of class, marriage, and even gender
我們對階級、婚姻、性別的觀念
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are relatively new, and that many ideologies which held fast for centuries
推翻了數百年根深蒂固的意識型態
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were revised within the 18th century, and re-drafted in the pages of the early novel.
18 世紀時被修正，寫進當時小說
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Imagine a world where class, and not hard work, decide a person's worth.
想像一個世界 個人價值由階級而非努力決定、
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A world where women are simply men's more untamed copy.
女人只是未馴化的男人、
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A world where marriage for love is a novel notion.
自由戀愛結婚是前衛的想法
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Well, that was the world in which Samuel Richardson's Pamela first appeared.
這是塞繆爾理查森寫愛情小說《潘蜜拉》 的時代背景 (Samuel Richardson)
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Richardson's love story starred a poor, serving-class heroine
女主角是個貧窮的僕人
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who is both morally superior and smarter than her upper-class suitor.
但才德遠勝於上流社會的追求者
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The book, challenging a slew of traditions,
這本書挑戰了許多傳統觀念
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caused quite a ruckus.
造成一時輿論譁然
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There was more press for Pamela than for Parliament.
媒體報導《潘蜜拉》比國會還多
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It spawned intense debate and several counter-novels.
引發激烈論戰和幾本相反觀點小說
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Still, for all those who couldn't accept Pamela,
雖然許多人無法接受《潘蜜拉》
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others were eager for this new fictional world.
還是有人渴望書中描寫的新世界
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This best-seller, and all its literary heirs,
這本暢銷小說，和所有後繼的作品
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Pride and Prejudice, Jane Eyre, and yes, even Twilight,
傲慢與偏見、簡愛、甚至暮光之城
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Have continuously shared the same tale, and taught similar lessons
持續分享相同故事、傳達相同理念
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which are now conventional and commonplace.
現在已成了傳統，甚至陳腔濫調
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Similarly, novels have helped shape the minds
相似的，小說也參與塑造
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of thought leaders across history.
歷史上領導人物的心靈
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Some scholars say that Darwin's Theory of Evolution
有些學者認為達爾文的進化論 (Charles Darwin)
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is highly indebted to the plots he read and loved.
受到他喜愛的故事情節影響很大
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His theory privileges intelligence,
進化論強調智力、敏捷、適應力
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swiftness, and adaptability to change- all core characteristics in a hero.
這些都是英雄人物的特徵
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Whether you're reading Harry Potter or Great Expectations,
不論你讀哈利波特、或孤星血淚 (Harry Potter) (Great Expectations)
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you're reading the kind of plot that inspired Darwin.
都會讀到啟發達爾文的那種情節
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Yet recent studies show that his theory might not be the whole story,
近期研究顯示，他的理論不見得正確
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our sense of being a hero- one man, or one woman, or even one species
要成為超人、女超人、或超人族
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taking on the challenges of the world might be wrong.
以承擔世界的挑戰，想法可能錯誤
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Instead of being hard-wired for competition,
與其在自己的故事裡
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for being the solitary heroes in our own story,
想強出頭，成為孤獨的英雄
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we might instead be members of a shared quest.
不如成為探索之旅的成員
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More Hobbit than Harry.
比起哈利波特，我們更像哈比人
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Sometimes, of course, the shoes we've been walking in can get plain worn out.
有時候書中觀念已成陳腔濫調
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After all, we haven't walked just one mile in Jane Austen or Mark Twain's shoes,
畢竟我們陪珍奧斯汀或馬克吐溫 不止是一小段路
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we've walked about a hundred trillion miles in them.
而是一段漫長歲月的旅程
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This isn't to say that we can't read and enjoy the classics,
這不是說，我們不該享受經典名著
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we should travel with Dickens,
而是應該和狄更斯一起旅行 (Charles Dickens)
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let Pip teach us what to expect from ourselves,
讓孤星血淚的男主角皮普 (Pip) 教我們認清自己的期望
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have a talk with Austen and Elizabeth about our prides and prejudices.
該對珍奧斯汀與主角伊麗莎白 說出自己的傲慢與偏見 (Jane Austen)
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We should float with Twain down the Mississippi,
該和馬克吐溫一起在密西西比河上 (Mark Twain)
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and have Jim show us what it means to be good.
讓頑童流浪記的吉姆，告訴我們 何謂善良 (Adventures of Huckleberry Finn)
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But on our journey, we should also keep in mind
在旅程中，我們要謹記
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that the terrain has changed. We'll start shopping around for boots
時代已經改變了
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that were made for walking into a new era.
我們必須用新想法，面對新世界
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Take, for instance, Katniss Everdeen and her battle with the Capitol.
例如飢餓遊戲女主角凱妮絲艾佛丁 對都城的戰爭 (The Hunger Games)
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Can Hunger Games lead us into thinking about capitalism in a new way?
能否帶領我們 以新角度思考資本主義？
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Can it teach us a lesson about why the individual should not put herself before the group?
能否教導我們 個人利益不該凌駕團體？
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Will Uglies reflect the dangers of pursuing a perfect body
小說《醜人兒》 (Uglies) 是否能 反映出追求完美體態…
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and letting the media define what is beautiful?
以及讓媒體定義「美麗」的危險？
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Will Seekers trod a path beyond global warming?
《熊行者》 (Seekers) 是否能 踏出解決全球暖化之道？
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Will the life and death struggles of Toklo,
小棕熊托克羅 (Toklo)、 小北極熊卡莉 (Kallik)、
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Kallik, Lusa, and the other bears chart a course for understanding animals
小黑熊露莎 (Lusa) 和熊族的 生存奮鬥，能否讓我們
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and our place in their world?
關懷動物、了解責任？
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Only the future will tell which stories will engage our imagination,
未來才知，哪些故事激發想像
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which tales of make-believe we'll make tomorrow,
哪些故事形塑我們的未來
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but the good news is this:
但好消息是：
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There are new stories to venture in every day.
每天都有新的故事可以冒險
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New tales that promise to influence, to create, and to spark change.
帶來影響、創造、和改變的契機
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Stories that you might even write yourself.
甚至你也可以寫自己的故事！
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So I guess the final question is this:
我想最終的問題是：
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what story will you try on next?
接下來，你要走進哪個故事呢？
