"unless", "as long as", "not". Actually, this is a lesson a few students have requested,

"unless" "as long as" "not"。事實上，這堂課是有幾位學生所要求的，

because a lot of people get confused with this word "unless". So that's going to be the focus of our lesson,

因為許多人困惑unless這個字。所以這將是我們這堂課程的重點，

although to understand this word "unless", you have to understand

然而要去了解unless這個字，你必須要知道

the "if not" conditional. That's called a "conditional phrase."

條件句if not 。這就是所謂的條件片語。

Before we do anything, we need to make sure that everybody understands how to use the

在教之前，我們需要確定每個人都知道如何造

conditional. How to use an "if clause", because sometimes people get confused with this.

條件句。如何造一個if的條件子句，因為人有時會搞不清楚條件子句的用法，

Today we're going to focus on a real conditional. Not the past, not the hypothetical, the unreal.

今天我們把重點放在與事實相符的條件句上。不是過去式，不是假設，不是與事實相反。

We're just going to focus on the real one, because all of this stuff applies to the other ones, as well.

我們只要專注於事實相符的情況下，因為在這樣的學習下，我們同時也能知道如何去運用其他的句型。

So let's start. Before I look into the grammar of it, which is actually important, let me

那麼，我們開始吧。在看重要的文法之前，讓我先

give you a sentence. Next week you have a test, and you come to me for advice as your teacher,

我來給個例子。下個禮拜你有場考試，你過來問我的建議，就像是你的老師，

and what am I going to tell you.

我會告訴你。

"If you don't study, you won't succeed." "If you study, you will succeed."

"如果你不努力學習，你就不會成功。" "如果你努力學習，你會成功。"

Very simple, right? So first, we're going to look at how to structure this sentence,

非常簡單，對吧?所以一開始，我們來看看要怎麼造這個句子，

because then I want to show you that "unless" basically means the same as "if not". Okay,

因為之後我想要讓你看看，unless和if not的意思基本上是一樣的。好，

so first, to make a real conditional sentence you have your "if". You have your subject.

首先，例如，你造一個與事實相符的條件句，你有"if"，你有主詞，

You have your present verb, for example "or".

你有動詞。或者，

You have "if", subject, and your not present: "If you don't study," and then the second half.

你有if，主詞，not加動詞："If you don't study"，然後第二部分。

Now, the second half could be positive or negative. The second half of the clause doesn't matter, according to what you have here.

現在，第二子句可以是正面或是負面的。不管你前面有什麼，第二字句什麼都是可以的。

This will always be the same. It doesn't matter which clause you're beginning with,

後面都會是一樣的，不管一開始是怎麼樣的子句，

you're always going to end the same way, because

都是一樣的句型結尾，因為

the meaning doesn't change, okay?

意思不會改變，可以嗎?

But we're going to get into more specifics. "If you study, you will succeed." "If you don't study, you will fail."

但是我們要了解得更仔細。"如果你認真讀書，你會成功"。"如果你不認真讀書，你將會失敗"。

Or, "If you study, you will not fail." "If you don't study, you will fail."

或者，"如果你認真讀書，你不會失敗"。"如果你不認真讀書，你會失敗"。

The verb you use here defines which one of these you're going to use.

你用哪個動詞，牽動到你要使用哪一個子句。

So this is not important. This doesn't change. What we're going to focus on is here. Now

所以後面這部分並不重要，並沒有改變。前部份是我們的重點。現在

the most important thing to remember is that "unless" basically means "if not". You'll

最重要的是記得unless基本上是和if not 同義。你會

notice here I have a positive verb. I have a negative verb. We're also going

發現我有個肯定動詞。有個否定動詞。我們也要

to look at "as long as", or "as long as not", positive and negative.

看看 as long as或者是as long as not，肯定和否定。

With "unless", you're only going to use a positive verb, okay? That's very important to remember.

有unless，你只能使用肯定的動詞，清楚嗎?這點必須要謹記的。

"Unless you study, you will fail. Unless you study, you will not succeed." It's all relative,

"除非你認真讀書，否則你會失敗。除非你認真讀書，否則你不會成功。"這都是相關的，

and "as long as" means the exact same thing as the "if" or the "unless".

as long as 和if 或unless也有著相同的意思。

"As long as you study, you will do well." "As long as you don't study, you won't do well." Okay?

"只要你認真讀書，你就能做得很好"。"只要你不認真讀書，你就不能表現得好"。可以嗎?

Very simple. So "if not", "unless", "as long as...not", basically all mean the same thing.

非常簡單。所以if not，unless，as long as...not，基本上都是相同的意思。

You just have to remember how to structure it, and the structure is almost the same.

你就只要記住要怎麼去造它，而且結構上幾乎都是一樣的。

What is the most important, do not use "unless" with "not." Then you have a double negative.

最重要的是，不要同時使用unless和not。你就會有雙重否定。

We all know from our beginner English classes we don't like double negatives, right? Okay, good.

在開始學英文時，我們都知道不可以用雙重否定，對吧?好了。

Let's look at some examples of actual sentences to see how all of this works.

接下來，讓我們看看一些實際的例子，看看他們是如何構成一個句子。

Okay so here we have some sentences. Let's go through each one and I'll make the changes to the negatives, as I go along.

好，現在這裡有一些句子。我們一個個討論，同時我也會將這幾句改成否定句。

"If you quit smoking," for all you smokers out there. "If you quit smoking, you will feel better."

"如果你戒菸，" 對於那些抽菸者而言。"如果你戒菸，你會感覺舒服一些"。

"If" + subject + verb - will + verb, positive verb, etc. Or: "If you quit smoking, you won't feel bad."

"if + 主詞 + 動詞- will + 動詞，肯定動詞"等等，或者"如果你戒菸，你就不會感到不舒服。"

Now what happens if I introduce the negative into the first part?

現在，如果我放個否定詞在第一句，會發生什麼事情?

"If you don't..." "If you don't quit smoking" what's going to happen? Or what will happen?

"如果你不..." "你不戒菸" 之後會發生什麼? 或者什麼將會發生?

"If you don't quit smoking, you'll feel better." Is that true? No. "If you don't quit smoking, you'll feel bad."

"如果你不戒菸，你會感到舒服一些"。這是真的嗎? 不是，"如果你不戒菸，你會感到不舒服"。

"If you don't quit smoking, you won't feel good."

"如果你不戒菸，你不會感到舒服的"。

You made this the negative. You have to change the consequences. You have to change the condition that will happen after this is met.

你改成否定時，你就必須改變之後的結果。你需要去改變之後句子的意思。

This is the difference, right? "If you don't quit smoking, you'll feel bad."

這是不同的，對吧? "如果你不戒菸，你會感到不舒服"。

Let's look at this sentence. "Unless you quit smoking, you will feel bad." Now what's the

讓我看看這個句子。"除非你戒菸，否則你會感到不舒服"，現在，這句子和

difference between this sentence and this sentence with a "don't"? Nothing, it's the exact same.

這don't句子有什麼不一樣?沒什麼，意思是一樣的。

Here is the result: "If you don't quit smoking, you will feel bad."

這裡是結果，"如果你不戒菸，你會感到不舒服"。

Bad and bad, do you understand what I'm saying? The "unless" is the same as, "if you don't".

不好和不好，你知道我在說什麼嗎? unless和if you don't是一樣的。

This is what we have to remember here. This is the negative included in the word.

這就是我們需要記得的地方。unless這個字就有著否定的意思。

Now usually when there's a negative in a word, everybody can understand it. In the word "unless"

通常大家都可以從字面上知道這個字有沒有否定的意思。在這個字unless，

there's nothing to tell you it's a negative, except maybe the word "less," but not really, right?

沒有任何提示可以讓你知道這是個否定詞，或許除了less這個字，但不完全是，對吧?

So you have to be very careful to remember this means "if not". "Unless you quit smoking, you won't feel good."

所以你必須要謹記unless就是if not，"除非你戒菸，否則你不會感到舒服"。

You won't feel good.

你不會感到舒服。

Same thing, but the "don't" and the "unless" go together, same meaning. "As long as you smoke,"

一樣的意思，但是"don't"和"unless" 是在一樣的，意思不變。"只要你抽菸，"

now here I have the verb "smoke". Here I put "quit smoking". I went to the opposite verb, "smoke".

現在我有這個smoke動詞。這裡我放"戒菸"。這裡，我放肯定動詞"smoke"。

"As long as you smoke, you will feel bad." "As long as you don't smoke", what is the consequence?

"只要你抽菸，你會感到不舒服"。"只要你不抽菸"，然後是什麼樣的結果?

"You will feel good."

"你會感覺良好"

What do you know, "don't" changes the consequence. "Don't" changes the consequence.

你知道些什麼，"don't"改變了結果。"Don't"改變了結果。

"Unless" is the consequence. We don't say, "Unless you don't quit smoking." It's a double negative.

"除非"就是個結果。我們不說:"除非你不戒菸"。這是個雙重否定。

It sounds very strange, it feels very strange. We don't use it. We go with this negative,

這聽起來非常奇怪，也感覺很奇怪。我們不會用它。我們用這個否定詞，

and we have the matching consequence. "Consequence" basically means the result of the action.

我們就必須要有個符合的結果。"Consequence"基本上就是一個動作的結果。

Okay, I hope this is pretty clear. Anyway, go to www.EngVid.com . There's a quiz there.

好了，我希望這個解釋是很清楚的。總之，上 www.EngVid.com網站看看。會有個小測驗。

You can also ask me questions. Don't forget to check out the video on YouTube as well,

你也可以問我問題。也不要忘記收看我們在YouTube的影片，

and subscribe to my channel, and I'll see you again real soon. Bye.

訂閱我的頻道，我們很快會再見面的。再見，

Learn English for free www.engvid.com

可以到www.engvid.com，免費學習英文