Name: 擊退假訊息的超有效方法！ | Dave Jorgenson | TED (A Surprisingly Effective Way to Fight Misinformation | Dave Jorgenson | TED)
Uploaded: 2026-03-16T21:41:59.000Z
Duration: 12 min 35 s

程度副詞

I've spent pretty much my entire adult life working in video journalism and media.

我差不多整個成年生活都在從事影音新聞學和媒體工作。

But what is media and what forms does it take?

但什麼是媒體？它又有哪些形式呢？

It was used by the Incas in South America.

every knot, the shapes, the colors, dimensions, numbers, all of it works together to tell a story.

每個繩結，它的形狀、顏色、尺寸、數字，所有這些都一起傳達一個故事。

I don't know if you can imagine something like that today on social media, but

我不知道你們現在能不能想像在社群媒體上出現類似的東西，但是

just to put that as an image, this is what it might look like.

這只是讓大家有個畫面，大概會長這樣。

This is actually the first chapter of Twilight.

這其實是《暮光之城》的第一章。

But while you and I may not understand Khipu or how it works, this is a form of media.

雖然你和我可能不懂 Khipu 是什麼，也不知道它是怎麼運作的，但這就是一種媒體。

And let me give you another example of media from across the pond in around 370 BC.

再舉個例子，來自大西洋彼岸，大約是公元前 370 年的媒體。

So Plato wrote this story where he was imagining a conversation with his real life teacher, Socrates and a student, Phaedrus.

柏拉圖寫了這個故事，他想像了他的老師蘇格拉底和一位學生費德羅之間的對話。

Okay, just to translate it for you quickly.

Eventually, the conversation veers into a debate about speech giving and whether or not you should do it.

最後，對話轉變成關於演講的辯論，以及你該不該做演講。

Kind of like 10 moderators deciding whether or not I should be at this event.

有點像是十位協調人決定我該不該參加這個活動。

所以我想我應該是要在這裡啦。

The conversation eventually veers into another part where Plato, as Socrates says that the written word is actually bad, that it could be misinterpreted and taken out of context.

對話最後轉到另一個部分，柏拉圖引用蘇格拉底的話說，文字其實不好，它可能會被誤解、被斷章取義。

So in other words, people have always been afraid of media and how it could be manipulated.

所以換句話說，人們一直以來都害怕媒體，以及它可能會被操縱。

So hundreds of years later, one of the first films to ever come out black and white.

所以幾百年後，最早的電影之一，是黑白的。

So these are all French people and a French train.

所以這些都是法國人跟一輛法國火車。

I presume that train is coming really fast.

喔，好的，是誰衝著我們來了？

Anyway, rumor has it that's how people reacted to it when they first saw it in theaters.

不管怎樣，聽說大家第一次在電影院看到的時候就是這種反應。

We just weren't ready for that type of media yet.

我們那時候還沒準備好接受那樣的媒體。

Decades later, in 1938, there was a radio broadcast that scared a lot of Americans.

幾十年後，在 1938 年，有個廣播節目嚇壞了很多美國人。

Ladies and gentlemen, we interrupt our program of dance music to bring you a special bulletin from the intercontinental radio news.

各位女士們先生們，我們將中斷舞曲節目，為您帶來跨國廣播新聞的特別快報。

Twenty minutes before 8 Central Time, Professor Farrell of the Mount Jennings Observatory, Chicago, Illinois, rock reports observing several explosions of incandescent gas, explosions occurring at regular intervals on the planet Mars.

距離中部時間晚上八點還有二十分鐘，芝加哥伊利諾州馬金尼斯天文臺的法瑞爾教授，報告觀測到火星上有數次白熱氣體爆炸，爆炸以規律的間隔發生。

Mars spectroscope indicates the gas to be hydrogen and moving toward the earth with enormous velocity.

火星光譜儀顯示該氣體為氫氣，正以極大的速度朝地球移動。

You guys hear that's coming towards Earth.

So we all know that that didn't really happen, but people listening thought it did.

所以我們都知道那其實沒發生，但聽的人以為是真的。

那是奧森威爾斯的一個廣播節目。

And this is him talking to reporters, explaining what happened.

這是他跟記者談話，解釋發生了什麼事。

那些記者看起來非常擔心，而且。

And they have reason to be because people heard this broadcast and were literally in the streets forming mobs.

他們有理由擔心，因為人們聽了這個廣播，真的跑到街上組成暴民。

There was police officers outside the CBS studios in New York, and

紐約哥倫比亞廣播公司攝影棚外有警察，

the Necro executives were trying to shut the broadcast down.

而且 Necro 的高層正試圖關閉這個廣播。

The CBS affiliate in Cleveland where the host was the future Tonight show host, Jack Parr, he was there trying to convince listeners that it was a fictional story, but

當時在克里夫蘭的 CBS 旗下電臺，主持人是未來的《今夜秀》主持人 Jack Parr，他當時在那裡試圖說服聽眾這是一個虛構的故事，但是

People were calling in and saying, no, this is happening.

人們打電話進來，說「不，這件事真的發生了」。

Like, no, this is an adaption of War of the Worlds.

像是「不，這是《世界大戰》的改編。」

And so every time there's a new form of media, we have to adapt.

所以每次出現新的媒體形式，我們都必須適應。

Don't delete this scared the crap out of me.

So obviously we figured out eventually that these emails were scams and so were the Nigerian princes that shared them.

所以很明顯，我們最後發現這些電子郵件都是詐騙，那些分享的奈及利亞王子也是。

不過我的奈及利亞王子是真的。

Basically, I spent a lot of my job as a journalist trying to explain to people what they're getting wrong online versus actually talking about breaking news.

基本上，我當記者的工作，大部分時間都在試圖跟人們解釋他們在網路上到底哪裡搞錯了，而不是真的在討論新聞頭條。

And there's a word for that in understanding media.

在理解媒體方面，有個詞可以形容。

It's called media literacy, which is best defined as the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and

這就叫做媒體素養，最好的定義是能夠存取、分析、評估和

So I kind of soft launched my career into media literacy with this viral PEZ video.

所以我算是用這個爆紅的 PEZ 影片，悄悄地開啟了我的媒體素養職涯。

I don't know if anyone saw this is back in 2021.

不知道有沒有人看過，這是在 2021 年的時候。

It was someone showing you a PEZ dispenser and that you can actually load it by putting the candy in through the bottom.

是有人在示範 PEZ 糖果盒，說你可以把糖果從底部放進去來裝填。

I was very angry to see this video going viral and all the comments saying, wow, I didn't know that.

我看到這個影片爆紅，還有所有留言說「哇，我竟然不知道」，我真的超生氣。

Well, you didn't know it because it wasn't true.

嗯，你不知道，是因為那根本不是真的。

And as someone who's made 5,000 journalism TikToks, I was like, I'm getting to the bottom of this.

身為一個做過 5000 支新聞 TikTok 的人，我心想，我一定要搞清楚這件事。

You may have seen a TikTok recently in which someone takes a fully wrapped stack of pest candy and puts it in the bottom of a pest dispenser.

你可能最近在 TikTok 上看過一段影片，有人把一整疊包好的 PEZ 糖果，從 PEZ 糖果機的底部放進去。

然後糖果就這樣被拆開包裝了。

There's a plastic bottom here that the candy would not be able to get around.

這裡有一個塑膠底座，糖果根本不可能繞過去。

I instantly knew this because I was a super cool and totally normal kid that collected 400 pest dispensers.

我立刻就知道這是假的，因為我小時候超酷又正常，我收集了 400 個 PEZ 糖果盒。

But what about the other people that were also totally normal and cool kids that didn't see the obvious cut in that TikTok video in particular can be a very powerful vehicle for misinformation.

但對於其他同樣正常又酷的小孩，卻沒注意到那支 TikTok 影片裡明顯的剪輯，這就可能變成傳播錯誤資訊的強大工具。

And when it's something much more important than a pest dispenser, it can be really dangerous, too.

當事情比 PEZ 糖果盒重要得多時，它也會變得非常危險。

Here's some false claims that were made on the Internet just last week.

這是上星期在網路上出現的一些不實指控。

Who knows if that's true anyway, so, you know, unless you were a PEZ head like me, that story wasn't probably that important to you.

反正誰知道那是不是真的，所以，你知道的，除非你像我一樣是個 PEZ 迷，不然那個故事對你來說可能沒那麼重要。

But it was a nice way into talking about media literacy, especially on TikTok, where people were taking what they saw at face value and not really challenging it.

但這是一個很好的切入點，可以聊聊媒體識讀，尤其是在 TikTok 上，大家看到什麼就信什麼，沒有真正去質疑。

And sometimes what happens is that everything you see online, people think is true.

而且有時候，你在網路上看到的一切，大家都會覺得是真的。

So one example of that, more recently up to date in 2025, is this video from Will Smith's social media team.

所以舉個例子，最近一點的，在 2025 年，是 Will Smith 的社群媒體團隊製作的一個影片。

Because this video was a compilation of a lot of the crowds at his different concerts going through Europe.

因為這個影片是他在歐洲各地演唱會現場觀眾的集錦。