Name: 為何這是林布蘭的傳世之作？！ (Why This Is Rembrandt's Masterpiece)
Uploaded: 2026-02-12T17:04:52.000Z
Duration: 8 min 6 s

基礎被動語態

Rembrandt's painting the Night Watch, perhaps the most famous work of his long career and of the Dutch golden age, generally, is not set at night.

倫勃朗的畫作《夜巡》，可能是他漫長職業生涯和荷蘭黃金時代中最著名的作品，但一般來說，它並不是在夜晚發生的。

程度副詞

而且它也不是真的在「守夜」。

It's a painting of the militia company of District 2 under the command of Captain Franz Bannock Koch, which is also its true, long original name.

這幅畫描繪的是第二區民兵連在法蘭茲·班諾克·科克隊長的指揮下，這也是它真正、原本的長名稱。

A century later, after years of varnish and low light darkened the canvas, someone called it the Night Watch.

一個世紀後，經過多年的亮光漆和昏暗光線使畫布變暗，有人稱它為《夜巡》。

And it stuck because, well, that's what it looked like.

這個名字就這樣傳開了，因為，嗯，它看起來確實像那樣。

In fact, the Night Watch was meant to be a daytime scene, just like other portraits of the Dutch civic guards, groups of well to do Amsterdam citizens tasked with keeping the peace should threats come to the city walls.

事實上，《夜巡》原本是要描繪白天的場景，就像其他荷蘭市民衛隊的肖像畫一樣，這些市民衛隊是由阿姆斯特丹富裕的市民組成的團體，負責在有威脅時守護城牆。

Over the 16th and 17th centuries, Civic Guard portraits became a genre all its own.

在16世紀和17世紀，市民衛隊肖像畫成為了一種獨特的類型。

And as painting in the Netherlands moved away from spiritual subject matter and toward the secular, artists welcomed commission work from these wealthy guilds because they wanted large group portraits again and again and again.

隨著荷蘭的繪畫從宗教題材轉向世俗題材，藝術家們很樂意接受這些富裕行會的委託創作，因為他們一次又一次地想要大型團體肖像畫。

But if you want to know why Rembrandts is the only civic guard painting that makes it into most school curriculums, all you have to do is look at it.

但如果你想知道為什麼倫勃朗的畫作是唯一進入大多數學校課程的市民衛隊畫作，你只需要看看它。

Commissioned to do what all the others had done, show off the paying members of the guild, Rembrandt takes the genre and explodes his vision through it.

奉命做其他畫家所做的一切，展示行會的付費會員，倫勃朗卻將這種畫作類型爆發了他的視野。

The Night Watch is an eruption of action, shadow and light with drama that's more suited to a biblical or historical epic, not 17 guys from peacetime Amsterdam.

《夜巡》是一場行動、光影與戲劇的爆發，更適合聖經或歷史史詩，而不是17位來自和平時期阿姆斯特丹的市民。

那麼，《夜巡》究竟有什麼了不起的呢？

Well, what hits me right away is the balance that Rembrandt strikes between chaos and unity.

嗯，最讓我驚豔的是林布蘭在混亂與統一之間取得的平衡。

He clearly wanted to create a canvas with a lot of movement, but

他顯然想創造一幅充滿動感的畫布，但是

the challenge was how to make that movement.

People lurching in different directions, performing a variety of actions cohere into a unified whole.

人們朝不同方向晃動，做出各種動作，卻能凝聚成一個統一的整體。

The keystone, the part of the painting that holds everything in place, are the dual figures of the captain and his lieutenant.

畫面的關鍵，也就是將一切固定住的部分，是隊長和他副手的雙人組合。

The rest of the portrait moves away from them diagonally.

肖像畫的其餘部分則從他們身上呈對角線延伸開來。

Indeed, Rembrandt places these lines directly onto the painting in the form of weapons and poles.

事實上，林布蘭將這些線條直接透過武器和長桿呈現在畫作中。

And the effect isn't just two dimensional.

Maybe the most striking thing is the captain and the lieutenant seem to be emerging from the picture plane, the captain's hand ordering the company forward.

最引人注目的大概就是隊長和副官，他們彷彿要從畫布裡走出來，隊長的手正指揮著隊伍前進。

It's as if you could grab it and pull him out of the frame.

感覺好像你可以抓住他，把他從畫框裡拉出來一樣。

The lieutenant's partisan, the spear like weapon he's holding in his left hand, is so expertly foreshortened, it feels like it could cut you.

副官手中的長柄武器，也就是他左手拿著的長矛狀武器，其透視法運用得非常精湛，感覺好像能把你割傷。

In fact, based on the angle and the placement of the weapon's Shadow on the ground.

事實上，根據角度和武器影子在地面上的位置來看。

The partisan is beyond the picture plane, or at least it should be.

這長柄武器應該是在畫布之外，或者至少是應該在畫布之外。

Another trick Rembrandt uses to achieve this effect is one that will be familiar to filmmakers.

林布蘭用來達到這種效果的另一個技巧，對於電影製作人來說應該很熟悉。

The figures in the front are painted with detail and clarity, while the further back you go in the composition, the softer and hazier things seem to get.

前面的人物畫得細緻清晰，而構圖越往後，景物就越顯得柔和模糊。

Rembrandt is mimicking depth of field, an optical phenomenon that can make objects in focus pop from their backgrounds.

林布蘭模仿了景深，這是一種光學現象，能讓對焦的物體從背景中凸顯出來。

All of these effects were carefully planned by Rembrandt to anchor the composition around the central figures.

所有這些效果都是林布蘭精心策劃的，目的是將構圖圍繞著中央的人物來固定。

The longer you look at the night watch, the more meaning emerges from this burst of frenetic energy.

你越仔細看這幅《夜巡》，這股狂熱能量的爆發就越能顯現出意義。

For example, the three men with guns are performing the three main actions associated with the arquebus, the primary weapon of this particular guild.

舉例來說，這三個拿著槍的人正在執行與火繩槍相關的三種主要動作，這是這個特定行會的主要武器。

In fact, these poses match almost perfectly engravings from a book called Exercise of Arms, a famous manual on how to use weaponry released at the beginning of that century.

事實上，這些姿勢幾乎完美地符合《武器演練》這本書中的雕版畫，這是一本關於如何使用武器的著名手冊，於該世紀初發行。

This particular civic guard, the Cloveneers, is signaled again in the chicken that's hanging from the young girl's waist.

這支特別的市民衛隊，克洛維尼爾人，從掛在小女孩腰間的雞身上再次被標示出來。

A similar claw was on the Cloveniers coat of arms.

克洛維尼爾人的徽章上也有類似的爪子。

And while the captain's hand points toward the viewer, its shadow points towards toward his company's function, its cradling the emblem of Amsterdam, a lion and three crosses.

雖然隊長的右手指向觀眾，但他的影子卻指向他所屬的隊伍的職責，它懷抱著阿姆斯特丹的徽章，一隻獅子和三個十字。

The Cloveneers were supposed to protect the city.

克洛維尼爾人負責保護這座城市。

The other notable feature is Rembrandt's famous use of chiaroscuro, an effect of deeply contrasted light and shadow.

另一個顯著的特色是林布蘭著名的明暗對比法，一種深邃對比光影的效果。

It's a technique that first came to prominence in the work of Caravaggio, who used sharp contrasts and harsh lighting to create intense drama in his paintings.

這是一種技巧，最早在卡拉瓦喬的作品中嶄露頭角，他運用銳利的對比和強烈的燈光，在畫作中營造出強烈的戲劇張力。

Rembrandt was clearly interested in this technique, but for him, light served a somewhat different purpose.

林布蘭顯然對這項技巧很感興趣，但對他來說，光線有著稍微不同的目的。

Not only is Rembrandt's chiaroscuro softer than Caravaggio's, but

林布蘭的明暗對比不僅比卡拉瓦喬更柔和，而且

the light in his painting seems to have a numinous quality, as if once it touches the subjects, it becomes a part of them.

他畫中的光線似乎帶有一種神聖的特質，彷彿一旦觸碰到主題，就成為他們的一部分。

If we turn back to the night watch, we can see that Rembrandt uses chiaroscuro to single out two key the lieutenant and the girl.

如果我們再回頭看夜巡，可以看到林布蘭運用明暗對比來突顯兩位關鍵人物：副隊長和那個小女孩。

As we've already seen, both these figures figures contain symbols that call back to the group itself.

正如我們之前看到的，這兩個人物都包含著呼應這個團體的象徵。

In the case of the lieutenant, it's as if the captain's orders to assemble are illuminating his second in command, and

就副隊長而言，彷彿隊長的集結命令照亮了他的副手，

from his light, the rest of the company is to fall in line.

而從他的光芒中，其餘的隊員也將依序就位。

And yet, compositionally, the two lighted figures almost serve the opposite purpose.

然而，從構圖上看，這兩個被照亮的人物似乎達到了相反的目的。

Instead of unifying the company, the girl and the lieutenant seem strategically Placed to break up the individual men in the canvas.

小女孩和副隊長並非用來統一隊伍，反而像是策略性地被放置在畫布上，用來分隔畫中的個別阿兵哥。

Flanking the captain, they almost isolate him.

他們夾在隊長兩側，幾乎將他孤立。

And thanks to their contrast, we're drawn to the haphazard actions and faces of each man, all seeming to be lost in their own world.

而藉由他們的對比，我們被吸引到每個男人混亂的行動和臉孔，他們似乎都沉浸在自己的世界裡。

The Night Watch is capturing the moments before the company sets out to its collective purpose.

夜巡捕捉了民兵連在出發達成集體目標前的片刻。

But the painting almost makes us doubt that they'll ever get there.

但這幅畫幾乎讓我們懷疑他們是否能達成目標。

Indeed, by the time this painting was made in 1642, nearing the victorious end of the 80s years, war with the Spanish, the Dutch were prosperous and civic guards were more ceremonial than necessary.

的確，這幅畫於 1642 年完成時，正值與西班牙長達八十年戰爭勝利的尾聲，荷蘭正值繁榮時期，市民衛隊也比實際需要來得更具儀式性。

At a certain point, these companies became clubs for men to play with their weapons and chip in for fancy group portraits.

有一段時間，這些民兵連成了男人們玩弄武器、湊錢畫集團肖像的社交俱樂部。

It's not inconceivable that Rembrandt may have been secretly making fun of them a little bit in this, his most famous painting.

荷蘭畫家林布蘭在這幅他最著名的畫作中，偷偷嘲諷他們，這並非不可能。

But that's the tension that the painter captures in the Night Watch.

但這正是畫家在夜巡中所捕捉到的張力。

An endless jockeying between la light and dark, nation and individual chaos and order.

光與暗、國家與個人、混亂與秩序之間永無止境的角力。

Rembrandt could never let either one of those elemental forces win out in his composition, because if he did, he'd lose the most essential thing, the thing he was striving for, and

林布蘭在他的構圖中從未讓這兩種元素力量中的任何一種獲勝，因為一旦如此，他就會失去最本質的東西，他所追求的東西，而

achieves with an effect that makes this one of the greatest paintings of all time.

造就了這幅史上最偉大畫作之一的驚人效果。

Hey everybody, thank you so much for watching.

哈囉，大家好，非常感謝收看。

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如果你跟我一樣，非常重視網路上的隱私和安全，那你絕對應該使用 VPN 或虛擬私人網路來保護你的資料，讓你能夠遠端連線，這樣窺探的眼睛就看不到你的 IP 位址和私人資訊了。

I've had a few hacking scares myself personally, so VPNs really, really help ease my mind.

我個人也曾有幾次差點被駭的經驗，所以 VPN 真的、真的能讓我安心不少。

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而如果你現在正在看這段影片，NORDVPN 會是你的最佳選擇。

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透過造訪 nordvpn.com/nerdwriter 或在結帳時使用 promo code Nerdwriter，你可以享有兩年方案 66 折優惠。

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我研究過這個領域，用過好幾個 VPN，NordVPN 絕對是我的最愛。

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它不僅擁有軍規級加密和遍佈 62 個國家的 5000 臺伺服器，你還可以同時在最多六臺裝置上使用，也就是說你可以在電腦和手機上使用，這樣你在咖啡廳或餐廳的 Wi-Fi 上時，就知道自己是安全的。

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而且，NORDVPN 要提供我的觀眾們兩年方案 66 折的優惠。

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只要到 www.nordvpn.com/nerdwriter 或點擊說明欄的連結註冊，開始保護你自己。