Name: 誰該為氣候變遷負責？ – 誰來拯救地球！ (Who Is Responsible For Climate Change? – Who Needs To Fix It?)
Uploaded: 2026-02-11T17:16:20.000Z
Duration: 10 min 36 s

Since the Industrial Revolution, humans have released over 1.5 trillion tons of carbon dioxide, or CO2, into the Earth's atmosphere.

自工業革命以來，人類已向地球大氣排放了超過 1.5 兆噸的二氧化碳，也就是 CO2。

In the year 2019, we were still pumping out around 37 billion more.

在 2019 年，我們仍然排放了約 370 億噸。

程度副詞

That's 50% more than the year 2000, and almost three times as much as 50 years ago.

這比 2000 年增加了 50%，比 50 年前增加了近三倍。

We're also pumping out growing volumes of other greenhouse gases, such as methane and nitrous oxide.

我們也排放了越來越多的其他溫室氣體，像是甲烷和氧化亞氮。

Combining all of our greenhouse gases, we're emitting 51 billion tons of carbon dioxide equivalents each year.

加總我們所有的溫室氣體，每年排放量相當於 510 億噸二氧化碳當量。

And emissions keep rising, but they need to get down to zero.

排放量持續上升，但必須降到零。

In recent years, the consequences have become more serious and visible.

近年來，後果變得越來越嚴重且明顯。

Almost every year breaks some horrible record.

幾乎每年都在打破一些可怕的紀錄。

We've had more heat waves, the most glaciers melting, and

我們經歷了更多熱浪，冰川融化得最嚴重，還有

the lowest amount of ice ever recorded at the North Pole.

Of the last 22 years, 20 have been the hottest on record.

過去 22 年中，有 20 年是有紀錄以來最熱的。

The only way to limit this rapid climate change is to decrease our collective emissions quickly.

要限制這種快速的氣候變遷，唯一的辦法就是快速減少我們的總體排放量。

But although all countries agree on this goal in principle, they do not agree who is responsible or who should bear the heaviest load.

但雖然所有國家原則上都同意這個目標，卻沒有同意誰該負責，或誰該承擔最重的負荷。

The developed countries point at their own efforts to reduce emissions and the fact that the large developing countries on the rise, especially China, are currently releasing much more CO2.

已開發國家指出他們自己減少排放量的努力，以及像中國這樣正在崛起的大型開發中國家，目前排放更多 CO2 的事實。

On the other hand, developing countries argue that emissions by the west are lifestyle emissions, while for developing countries, they are survival emissions.

另一方面，開發中國家認為西方的排放是生活方式的排放，而對開發中國家來說，則是生存的排放。

Others call rich countries hypocrites that got rich by polluting without restraint and now expect others not to industrialize and stay poor.

有些人稱富裕國家是偽君子，他們過去不受限制地汙染而致富，現在卻期望別人不要工業化而保持貧窮。

So who is responsible for climate change and CO2 emissions?

那麼，氣候變遷和 CO2 排放的責任該由誰負？

And regardless of the past, who needs to do the most today?

而且，不管過去如何，今天誰需要做得最多？

In this video, we'll talk exclusively about nation states.

在這支影片中，我們將專門討論國家。

We'll look at the fossil fuel industry in Another video question, one of three which countries emit the most carbon dioxide today?

另一支影片中，我們會探討化石燃料產業，其中一個問題是，今天哪個國家排放的二氧化碳最多？

In 2017, humans emitted about 36 billion tons of CO2.

2017 年，人類排放了約 360 億噸的 CO2。

North America and Europe followed with 18% and 17%, while Africa, South America and Oceania together only contributed 8%.

北美洲和歐洲緊隨其後，分別佔 18% 和 17%，而非洲、南美洲和大洋洲加起來僅佔 8%。

China is by far the world's largest emitter, with 10 billion tons of CO2 every year, or 27% of global emissions.

中國是迄今為止全球最大的排放國，每年排放 100 億噸 CO2，佔全球排放量的 27%。

It's followed by the USA with 15%, and the European Union with around 10%.

緊隨其後的是美國，佔 15%，歐盟約佔 10%。

Together, this is more than half of the world's CO2 emissions.

這三者加起來，就超過了全球 CO2 排放量的一半。

So it's clear that without the willingness and action of these three industrial blocs, humanity will not be able to become carbon neutral and prevent severe climate change.

所以很明顯，如果沒有這三大工業區塊的意願和行動，人類將無法實現碳中和並防止嚴重的氣候變遷。

Next on our list is India at 7%, Russia at 5%, Japan at 3%, and Iran.

接下來我們名單上的是印度佔 7%、俄羅斯佔 5%、日本佔 3%，以及伊朗。

Saudi Arabia, South Korea and Canada, or just short of 2%.

沙烏地阿拉伯、韓國和加拿大，或僅不到 2%。

Together with the first three, the top ten are responsible for 75% of global emissions.

加上前面的三個，前十大排放國就佔了全球排放量的 75%。

But if we only look at the current situation, we're not getting the full picture.

但如果我們只看現在的情況，就無法看到全貌。

Question 2 of 3 which countries have emitted the most in total?

第二題，哪幾個國家總共排放的最多？

If we look at emissions throughout history until today, the outlook changes drastically.

如果我們看歷史到現在的總排放量，情況就大不相同了。

The US and the EU both knock China off the top spot.

美國和歐盟都把中國擠下了第一名的位置。

The US is responsible for 25% of the world's historical emissions, emitting 400 billion tons, mostly in the 20th century.

美國佔全球歷史排放量的 25%，排放了 4000 億噸，大部分是在 20 世紀。

China comes in third at just under 13%, around half of the USA's contribution.

中國排名第三，不到 13%，大約是美國的一半。

India's contribution shrinks to 3%, along with the whole of Africa and South America.

印度和整個非洲、南美洲的貢獻就縮小到 3%。

The UK is responsible for 1% of annual global emissions, but takes 5% of the historical responsibility.

英國佔年度全球排放量的 1%，但歷史責任卻佔了 5%。

Germany, producing 2% of emissions per year today, has contributed almost 6%, as much as the whole of Africa and South America combined.

德國目前的年度排放量佔 2%，但其歷史貢獻卻佔了近 6%，這跟整個非洲和南美洲加起來的總量差不多。

So the narrative that rapid climate change is really the responsibility of the developing world is hard to defend if facts matter to you.

所以，如果事實對你很重要，那麼「氣候變遷快速發展是開發中國家的責任」這種說法就很難站得住腳了。

But this is still not the whole story, because focusing on countries mixes two things population numbers and total emissions.

但這還不是故事的全部，因為只看國家會混淆兩個概念：人口數量和總排放量。

If a country has more people in general, its emissions are, of course, higher.

如果一個國家的人口普遍較多，它的排放量當然也會比較高。

Things look very different if we look at individuals like you, dear viewer.

如果我們從你，親愛的觀眾，這樣子的個人來看，情況就大不相同了。

Question 3 of 3 which countries emit the most carbon dioxide per person?

問題 3/3：哪些國家的人均二氧化碳排放量最高？

The average human is responsible for around 5 tons of CO2 each year.

平均每個人每年大約會排放 5 噸的 CO2。

The countries with the largest CO2 emissions per person are some of the world's major oil and gas producers.

人均 CO2 排放量最高的國家，有些是世界上主要的石油和天然氣生產國。

In 2017, Qatar had the highest emissions at a hefty 49 tons per person, followed by Trinidad and Tobago, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Brunei, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia.

2017 年，卡達的人均排放量最高，達到驚人的 49 噸，緊隨其後的是千里達及託巴哥、科威特、阿拉伯聯合大公國、汶萊、巴林和沙烏地阿拉伯。

Australians have one of the highest carbon footprints per person, 17 tonnes a year.

澳洲人的碳足跡也名列前茅，每人每年 17 噸。

That's more than triple the global average and slightly more than the average US, American and Canadian at 16 tons.

這比全球平均高出三倍多，也比美國、加拿大平均的 16 噸略高。

The Germans do a little better at close to 10 tons, but

德國人表現好一點，接近 10 噸，但

China may be the world's largest emitter, but

中國可能是全球最大的排放國，但

it's also the world's most populous country with with over 1.4 billion people, 18.5% of the world population per person, it's above average at 7 tonnes.

它也是世界上人口最多的國家，有超過 14 億人，佔世界人口的 18.5%，平均每人約 7 噸，高於平均。

Historically, CO2 emissions have been closely tied to a high standard of living.

歷史上，CO2 排放量一直與高生活水準密切相關。

Wealth is one of the strongest indicators of our carbon footprint, because as we move from poor to rich, we gain access to electricity, heating, air conditioning, lighting, modern cooking, cars or Planes, smartphones, computers and interact with people across the world online.

財富是我們碳足跡最強的指標之一，因為當我們從貧窮走向富裕時，我們就能獲得電力、暖氣、冷氣、照明、現代烹飪、汽車或飛機、智慧型手機、電腦，並透過網路與世界各地的人們互動。

The enormous rise of China's CO2 emissions is coupled with the greatest reduction of poverty in history.

中國 CO2 排放量的巨大成長，伴隨著史上最顯著的脫貧。

If we order CO2 emissions by income, we see that the richest half of countries are responsible for 86% of global emissions and the bottom half for only 14%.

如果我們依收入來排序 CO2 排放量，會發現最富有的國家佔全球排放量的 86%，而較貧窮的國家只佔 14%。

The average German emits more than five times as much as the average Indian in just 2.3 days.

德國人平均只要 2.3 天的排放量，就比印度人一整年的排放量還多。

The average American emits as much as the average Nigerian in a year.

美國人一整年的排放量，就相當於奈及利亞人一整年的排放量。

And not only that, the harsh reality is that it's the countries that contribute least to the problem that stand to lose the most from rapid climate change.

而且不只這樣，殘酷的現實是，對這個問題貢獻最少的國家，卻可能在快速的氣候變遷中損失最多。

The developing world will be hit the hardest.

The consequences could be food insecurity, conflicts over resources, harsher and more frequent natural disasters, and

後果可能包括糧食不安全、資源衝突、更嚴峻頻繁的天然災害，以及

Question 4 of 3 so who should take responsibility?

問題 4 / 3，那麼誰應該負起責任呢？

Many of today's richest countries are in a convenient position.

許多現今最富裕的國家，處境相當有利。

They have become rich over centuries of fossil fuel burning and industrial production.

他們透過數百年的化石燃料燃燒和工業生產累積財富。

They have a large historical footprint and their wealth means they still emit a lot per person.

他們有龐大的歷史排放足跡，而且他們的財富意味著每個人仍排放很多。

But their countries annual emissions are now dwarfed by other countries because the giant that is China is finally catching up and other giants like India are on their way.

但他們國家的年度排放量現在被其他國家遠遠超越，因為龐大的中國終於趕上來了，而印度等其他巨頭也正在路上。

Many Germans, for example, wonder how if Germany only accounts for 2% of yearly emissions, it can have a meaningful impact on reducing emissions.

許多德國人就很好奇，如果德國只佔年度排放量的 2%，要如何對減少排放量產生實質影響？

For one, the richest countries have the resources, highly educated workforces and technology to develop low cost low carbon solutions and spread them around the world.

首先，最富裕的國家擁有資源、高素質的勞動力和技術，能夠開發低成本、低碳的解決方案並推廣到全世界。

If we don't want poorer countries to become as fossil fuel dependent as we are, we need low carbon technology to be cheap and available.

如果我們不希望較貧窮的國家像我們一樣依賴化石燃料，我們就需要便宜且可取得的低碳技術。

而且我們正在朝這個方向前進。

The cost of renewables is falling quickly and a variety of solutions are on the horizon for many different sectors.

再生能源的成本正在快速下降，而且許多不同領域的解決方案也即將出現。

If the rich countries of the west decide to seriously tackle rapid climate change, the rest of the world would follow because it has no choice.

如果西方富裕國家決定認真應對快速的氣候變遷，世界其他國家也會跟進，因為別無選擇。

Just like when the European Union enforced energy efficiency standards for technology, the rest of the world adopted them too because they wanted to be able to continue trading with the bloc.

就像歐盟強制技術的能源效率標準一樣，世界其他國家也跟進了，因為他們想繼續和該工業區塊進行貿易。

Still, this doesn't absolve others of their responsibility.

不過，這也不能免除其他國家的責任。

China is the largest CO2 emitter today and it's China's responsibility to grow in a way that will make it possible to transition to a zero carbon world in time.

中國是目前最大的CO2排放國，中國有責任以一種能夠及時過渡到零碳世界的方式來發展。

Others acting irresponsibly yesterday is a horrible excuse for repeating the same mistakes today.

別人昨天不負責任，不能成為我們今天犯同樣錯誤的藉口。

Climate change is a global problem and no country alone can fix it.

氣候變遷是個全球性的問題，沒有任何一個國家能獨自解決。

Working out who's responsible is not as simple as it seems, and

要釐清誰該負責，並沒有看起來那麼簡單，

in a way, it's a daft question, but one that has plagued international politics for decades.

而且，這問題有點傻，但卻困擾了國際政治數十年。

Everybody needs to do the best they can, and right now, we are all not doing that.

每個人都需要盡力而為，而現在，我們都做得不夠。

This video is part of a series about climate change supported by Breakthrough Energy, a coalition founded by Bill Gates that's working to expand clean energy investment and support the innovations that will lead the world to net zero carbon emissions.

這支影片是氣候變遷系列影片的一部分，由 Bill Gates 創立的 Breakthrough Energy 支持，該組織致力於擴大潔淨能源投資，並支持能引導世界達成淨零碳排放的創新。

Also, a special thanks to the team at Our World in Data for helping us out with data and research.

另外，也要特別感謝 Our World in Data 的團隊，在資料和研究上給予我們協助。