Name: 阿爾罕布拉宮終極解析！ (The Alhambra Explained)
Uploaded: 2026-02-08T02:33:50.000Z
Duration: 19 min 21 s

情態副詞

Lets situate ourselves in medieval Spain, particularly in the area of Andalusia in the southern part of the peninsula.

我們先來想像一下在中世紀的西班牙，特別是位於半島南部的安達魯西亞地區。

This is the fortress palace of the Alhambra, a royal citadel erected above the city of Granada, the last remaining city dominated by Muslims.

這就是阿爾罕布拉宮，一座建在格拉納達城上方的皇家城堡，格拉納達是最後一個由穆斯林統治的城市。

They built a palace city on top of a mountain, one that would resemble paradise.

他們在山頂上建造了一座宮殿城市，一座如同天堂般的存在。

Built in the 13th and 14th centuries, the Alhambra was the work of the Nasrid dynasty, which governed the dwindling Islamic territories of southern Spain until expulsion in 1492 by Ferdinand and Isabel, the monarchs, who also financed Columbus expedition across the unknown Atlantic in the the same year.

阿爾罕布拉宮建於13、14世紀，是納斯里王朝的傑作，他們統治著西班牙南部日益縮小的伊斯蘭領土，直到1492年被費迪南國王和伊莎貝拉女王驅逐。同年，這對君主也資助了哥倫布橫渡未知大西洋的探險。

And what's so wonderful about the Alhambra is that it's not simply a building, but

阿爾罕布拉宮最棒的地方在於，它不只是一棟建築，

the boundary between landscape and architecture seems very loose, so that suddenly you're in a courtyard, suddenly you're in a garden.

景觀與建築之間的界線似乎非常模糊，讓你一下子置身於庭院，一下子又漫步於花園。

And the section that is enforced by being on top of a hill is played off very effectively, so that views through the space and movement through the space allows you to experience this landscape integrated into the architecture.

位於山頂的優勢被巧妙地運用，透過空間的視野和在空間中的移動，讓你體驗到與建築融為一體的景觀。

這是阿爾罕布拉宮的總平面圖。

In the westernmost part of the complex we have the Alcazaba, which is the oldest part of the Alhambra.

在這個建築群的最西邊，我們可以看到阿爾卡薩巴，這是阿爾罕布拉宮最古老的部分。

This was built as the centerpiece of the system of fortifications to protect the area.

這是為了保護該區域的防禦工事系統而建造的中心。

Its configuration occupied a triangular space contained by a wall, at the far end of which is a bastion built in the times of the Catholic monarchs.

它的配置佔據了由一道牆圍成的三角形空間，牆的盡頭是天主教君主時代建造的稜堡。

While on the opposite side we find a wall fortified with three watchtowers.

而在另一側，我們可以看到一道有三個瞭望塔加固的牆。

In fact, the whole complex is entirely surrounded by a wall.

事實上，整個建築群完全被一道牆環繞。

And it has several watchtowers, such as the Torre della Vela, which is the tallest and most important in the whole complex.

它有幾個瞭望塔，像是 vela塔，這是整個建築群裡最高也最重要的。

And just the view of the city that you have from the top of these towers is breath.

而且從這些塔的頂端看出去的城市景色，簡直令人屏息。

The Alcazaba had a military quarter as an urban nucleus, of which you can still see remains.

阿爾卡薩巴曾是一個都市核心的軍事區，至今仍可見其遺跡。

Before the palaces were built, the Alcazaba served as a residence of the rulers of the city.

在宮殿建造之前，阿爾卡薩巴曾是城市統治者的居所。

And then it became purely military in character.

然後它就完全變成了軍事用途。

In the eastern part of complex, there is a part of a citadel that used to be residential and public.

建築群的東部，有一部分的城堡曾是住宅區和公共區域。

The Alhambra originally enclosed an entire palace city, including common dwelling houses, craft workshops, the royal mint, several mosques and public baths.

阿爾罕布拉宮最初包含了一整座宮殿城市，裡面有民宅、工坊、皇家鑄幣廠、幾座清真寺和公共浴場。

There are all these small channels of water that run through the entire complex, which is, I think, a remarkable feature.

整個建築群裡有許多小水道，我認為這是一個非常特別的設計。

In the north of the complex is the most precious part of the citadel.

建築群的北邊，是城堡裡最珍貴的部分。

這也是你參觀阿爾罕布拉宮的真正原因。

The Nasrid palaces, which were the residences of the Amirs, the Muslim Rulers of the city of Granada.

納斯里宮殿，曾是格拉納達市的埃米爾（也就是穆斯林統治者）的居所。

These palaces form a series of apartments, halls and courts, framed in a setting of arcades, fountains, and

這些宮殿由一系列的房間、大廳和庭院組成，周圍環繞著拱廊、噴泉和

Upon entrance, you right away notice how it's ornamented with minute surface decorations, decoration either in plaster, precious stones, or glazed tiles.

一進門，你馬上就會注意到它以精緻的表面裝飾著稱，這些裝飾有的是石膏、寶石或釉面磚。

The walls are inlaid with glazed tiles to a height of 4ft, above which is a separate scheme of arabesque treatment carried out.

牆壁上鋪設了高約4英尺的釉面磚，上方則是另外設計的阿拉伯式風格裝飾。

We must remember that Muslims only decorate it with floral and geometric patterns, and

我們要記得，穆斯林只用花卉和幾何圖案來裝飾，

also with their writing called calligraphy.

This is the Mexoir, which functioned as the entrance wing.

這裡就是 Mexuar，它當時是入口的區域。

Next to it is the small courtyard with a small fountain in the middle.

旁邊是小庭院，中間有個小噴泉。

And one effect that these palaces have is the peace and silence that you feel inside of them, as if you were completely isolated from the world outside, but

這些宮殿給人的感覺就是一種寧靜和沉寂，彷彿與外界完全隔絕，

The whole idea of the garden is something that you see again and again in Islamic architecture.

花園的概念在伊斯蘭建築中不斷出現。

And it's always negotiating between a geometrical definition of the garden and the kind of explosive fecundity of nature to replicate itself and to become green.

它總是在幾何定義的花園和展現生命力的自然之間取得平衡，讓自然能夠複製並生長。

This is a Quranic description of paradise and is not so different from the Paradise Garden that we hear about in the Old Testament, with the rivers running out of a bounded precinct.

這段古蘭經描述了天堂，與舊約裡我們聽說的天堂花園很相似，有河流從一個界定的區域流出。

But the image of Paradise Garden is more emphatically deployed in Islamic architecture than in Christian architecture, especially in the gardens.

但天堂花園的意象在伊斯蘭建築中比基督教建築更為強調，尤其是在花園部分。

I think this plan helps illustrate how landscape and architecture move together.

我認為這個總平面圖有助於說明景觀和建築是如何結合在一起的。

The plan consists mainly of two oblong courts at right angles to each other.

這個平面圖主要由兩個互相垂直的長方形庭院組成。

You can see that there are several couriers organizing fairly thin bands of program around them, and

你可以看到有幾個庭院圍繞著它們，組織成相當纖細的空間帶，

that these volumes are perched at the edge of the precipice so that they can get these dramatic views and capture the surrounding landscape.

這些建築體坐落在懸崖邊緣，以便能獲得壯麗的景色並捕捉周圍的景觀。

That's part of a purview of the building, as well as the near landscape of the gardens that unfold on top of the plateau.

這部分是建築的視野，也是高原上展開的花園近景。

Every single window in the Alhambra doesn't simply exhibit a view, but

阿爾罕布拉宮的每一扇窗戶不只是展示景色，

it perfectly frames the landscape in a way that makes every view as dramatic as possible.

它完美地框住了景觀，讓每一處景色都盡可能壯麗。

Here is the view from one of the courtyards in the Alhambra.

這是阿爾罕布拉宮其中一個庭院的景色。

You can see that it's a big palace and a big hill, and

你可以看到它是一個大宮殿和一座大山丘，

you can see the rest of the town stretching out on the lowlands and the palace moving up the hill.

你可以看到山下延伸開來的城鎮，以及往山上延伸的宮殿。

The first of these courtyards, known as the Court of Myrtles, has its longer axis placed north and south.

其中第一個庭院，也就是桃金孃庭院，其長軸是南北向的。

There's a long linear pool that shows you the integration of water into the courtyard.

這裡有個長形的泳池，展現了水與庭院的融合。

This pool reflects the buildings like a great mirror of water that changes with the different tones of light throughout the day.

這個泳池像一面巨大的水鏡，倒映著建築，隨著一天中不同的光線色調而變化。

This spectacular element is both aesthetic and functional, because like any dwelling with human presence, this palace requires a place that contains water.

這個壯觀的元素兼具美學與功能性，因為就像任何有人居住的居所一樣，這座宮殿也需要一個蓄水的地方。

And the water is always circulating through narrow channels that irrigate the bushes.

水會不斷地透過狹窄的水道循環，灌溉著灌木叢。

to the north is the Tower of Comaris, inside of which the hall of the Ambassadors is located, with deeply recessed windows on three sides, giving views of the town beneath.

北邊則是 Comares 塔，裡面有大使廳，三面都有深凹的窗戶，可以俯瞰山下的城鎮。

And you could be here in this chamber admiring the garden, but

你可以在這個房間裡欣賞花園，

you could also be surveilling the landscape to see if any intruders are coming.

也可以監視周遭的景觀，看看有沒有入侵者。

So you have these vantage points stipulating throughout the building.

所以，建築裡處處都有這樣的制高點。

And notice that in this room, the windows have an element that is frequently used in Islamic architecture called latticework.

請注意，這個房間裡的窗戶有一個在伊斯蘭建築中經常使用的元素，叫做格子窗。

And latticework is very functional for places that have a warm climate, because it allows light and airflow through the area without letting in direct sunlight.

而且格子窗對於溫暖氣候的建築非常實用，因為它能讓光線和空氣流通，同時避免陽光直射。

And since Islamic architecture is very introvert and introspective, latticework is also used to add privacy, as you can see through it only if you're inside of a building.

而且因為伊斯蘭建築非常內向和自省，格子窗也能增加隱私，你只有在建築內部才能看出去。

This hall is crowned by a polygonal dome with arabesque decorations.

這個大廳上方是多邊形的穹頂，上面有阿拉伯風格的裝飾。

This dome is a wooden masterpiece of craftsmanship.

It is formed by cedar wood decorations covered by interlacing patterns.

它是由雪松木裝飾組成的，上面覆蓋著交織的圖案。

And it's a representation of the seven heavens of the Islamic paradise, with God's throne in the middle.

這代表了伊斯蘭天堂的七重天，中間是真主的寶座。

The other main court, the court of lions, is the most elaborate.

另一個主要的庭院，也就是獅子庭院，是最精緻的。

The pillars are alternately single and coupled and crowned with capitals peculiar to the Alhambra.

柱子有單獨和成對交替排列，並以阿爾罕布拉宮特有的柱頭裝飾。

The arcading is of wood covered with richly stuccoed decoration.

拱廊是木製的，上面覆蓋著豐富的灰泥裝飾。

It's important to mention that Islamic architecture is obsessed with integrating water into the architecture.

值得一提的是，伊斯蘭建築非常熱衷於將水融入建築中。

So water is the essential element in this incredible palace of the Alhambra.

所以水是這座令人驚嘆的阿爾罕布拉宮不可或缺的元素。

And the combination of water and light creates a space that's a real pleasure for the senses.

而水與光的結合，營造出一個真正能讓感官愉悅的空間。

In this courtyard, we find the device we saw at the Great Mosque in Cordoba.

在這個庭院裡，我們看到了在哥多華的清真寺裡見過的裝置。

Linear troughs of water that begin to issue forth and irrigate the garden and bring life to the garden and a fountain in the middle.

線性的水槽開始湧出，灌溉花園，為花園和中間的噴泉帶來生機。

It's almost literal building of a model of the Paradise Gardens in the Quran.

這幾乎是字面意義上建造《古蘭經》中的天堂花園模型。

A bounded precinct with water crossing through it, subdividing its world into four quadrants with these lions here.

一個有水流穿過的邊界區域，將其世界劃分為四個象限，這裡有獅子。

And these fountains penetrate into these chambers on all sides and become fountains there too.

這些噴泉滲入四周的房間，並在那裡也成為噴泉。

We saw in the Mosque of Cordoba the beginning of a kind of pointed arch work, this horseshoe arch or these multi foil arches.

我們在哥多華的清真寺裡看到了那種尖拱的雛形，像是馬蹄拱或多葉拱。

And it's becoming even more specifically pointed.

When we get to some of the courtyard arcades here at the Alhambra, Also a type of column capital with a square upper portion and long necking was evolved.

當我們看到阿爾罕布拉宮這裡的一些庭院迴廊時，還有一種柱頭，頂部是方形的，柱頸很長，也發展了出來。

The columns supporting these are very slender, the height being 12 diameters.

支撐它們的柱子非常纖細，高度是直徑的12倍。

The Capitals in the Alhambra are either treated with conventional scrolls or are formed with a stalactite treatment.

阿爾罕布拉宮的柱頭，要麼是傳統的捲草紋，要麼是鐘乳石裝飾。

Such capitals have an upward continuation of post like shape against the size of which the stilted arch abuts, being supported by a piece of stalactite corbeling.

這種柱頭有一個向上延伸的柱狀形狀，其上是帶有階梯狀的拱門，由一塊鐘乳石托架支撐。

The hall of Kings is at the eastern end of this courtyard.

It receives its name because we find paintings on the ceilings with representations of the first ten kings of the dynasty.

之所以得名，是因為我們在天花板上發現了描繪王朝前十位國王的畫作。

These are painted on leather and they have a clear influence on Christian Gothic art.

這些畫作是畫在皮革上的，對基督教哥德藝術有明顯的影響。

Since we don't usually see images of people in Islamic art, it's even been suggested that these were actually painted by Christian artists.

由於我們通常在伊斯蘭藝術中看不到人物圖像，甚至有人推測這些畫實際上是由基督教藝術家繪製的。

And on either side of the courtyard are the smaller halls of the Two Sisters and of the Abencerrages, with roofs covered with stalactite decoration.

庭院的兩側是姐妹廳和阿本塞拉赫斯廳，屋頂覆蓋著鐘乳石裝飾。

These stalactites are known as mokarnas or mocarabes in Spanish, and

這些鐘乳石在西班牙語中稱為 mokarnas 或 mocarabes，

they are an integral form of ornamented Islamic void.

它們是裝飾性伊斯蘭空間不可或缺的一部分。

They originated from the squinch, an architectural element used in medieval architecture to translate a square into an octagon.

它們起源於帆拱，這是一種在中世紀建築中用於將方形轉變為八邊形的建築元素。

So looking at these holes is just astonishing because of all the detail that it has.

所以看著這些孔洞真是令人驚嘆，因為它有這麼多細節。

Notice the toughness of the exterior of the Alhambra, because this building is almost like a geode.

注意阿爾罕布拉宮外觀的堅固性，因為這座建築幾乎就像一顆晶洞。

A geode looks like a rock on the outside and you crack it open and it's this kind of sparkling crystal.

晶洞從外面看起來像一顆石頭，你把它敲開，裡面是閃閃發光的結晶。

So you look at the exterior of the Alhambra and it seems solid, it seems tough, it seems fortified.

所以你看看阿爾罕布拉宮的外觀，它看起來很堅固，很堅韌，看起來很堅固。

But when you crack through that masonry shell, you get the same light, diaphanous collection of screens that we observed in the mosques.

但當你穿過那層磚石外殼時，你會看到與清真寺中觀察到的相同明亮、輕盈的屏風結構。

You find this dematerialized, extremely light architecture.

你會發現這種非物質化、極其輕盈的建築。

And the effect is really amazing because you're in the shade, you're protected, but

效果真的很驚人，因為你在陰影中，受到保護，但

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