Name: 1914年聖誕節休戰的真實歷史！ (The Real History of the Christmas Truce of 1914)
Uploaded: 2025-12-24T04:39:06.000Z
Duration: 50 min 11 s

程度副詞

I know this sounds like a fairy tale, but I assure you it's perfectly true.

我知道這聽起來像個虛構故事，但我保證這是千真萬確的。

You will hardly credit what I'm going to tell you, but

你大概很難相信我要說什麼，但

thousands of our men will be writing home today telling the same strange and wonderful story.

我們成千上萬的弟兄今天都會寫信回家，講述同一個奇特又精彩的故事。

This is history's most memorable Christmas.

German forces have invaded France and Belgium.

Britain, through a series of alliances, is drawn into the conflict.

英國因為一系列的聯盟，捲入了這場衝突。

The British army is sent overseas to help its allies fight back against the Germans.

英軍被派往海外，協助他們的盟友反擊德軍。

The first few months of the Great War were an incredible period.

第一次世界大戰的最初幾個月是一段精彩的時期。

It's a clash of two mighty empires, the French and the Germans.

這是兩個強大帝國，法國和德國之間的較量。

One, the Germans are going to sweep round through Belgium and crash into northern France, aiming either side of Paris, whilst the French are going to drive into their lost provinces of Alsace Lorraine.

德國人將會橫掃比利時，衝擊法國北部，目標是巴黎的兩側，而法國人將會開進他們失去的亞爾薩斯洛林省。

So you get this sort of circular, almost motion, and

所以你會看到這種循環式的、幾乎是運動般的 movement，

those are the two great visions of what will happen.

這就是兩種偉大的願景，關於將會發生什麼。

The Germans had come sweeping through Belgium and into France with their Schlieffen plan, the intention being to knock the French out of the war very, very quickly, so that they could then turn and face the Russians on the Eastern Front.

德國人帶著他們的史裡芬計畫橫掃比利時進入法國，意圖非常非常快速地將法國踢出戰爭，這樣他們就可以轉而面對東線的俄羅斯人。

It had stalled on the River Marne where the, the French and the British had counterattacked.

它們在馬恩河停滯了，法國和英國在那裡發動了反擊。

This is crucial, it forces back the Germans, they get to the Aisne, they start to dig in and from there race to the sea.

這很關鍵，它迫使德軍後退，他們抵達埃納河，開始挖掘戰壕，並從那裡向海邊推進。

They're not racing to the sea, they're trying to outflank each other.

他們不是在向海邊推進，而是在試圖包抄對方。

These first few months are very different from our usual image of the Western Front.

最初這幾個月和我們平常對西線戰場的印象非常不同。

This is a war of movement, it's open warfare, there are no trenches, it's fought in the open, obviously making use of whatever cover there was.

這是一場運動戰，是公開的戰鬥，沒有戰壕，在開闊地帶進行，當然會利用一切可用的掩護。

So very often using drainage ditches at the side of fields, not proper big defensive positions.

所以經常利用田邊的排水溝，而不是正式的大型防禦工事。

Nobody is expecting what's going to happen.

沒有人預料到接下來會發生什麼。

Not only is the nature of fighting different from the later war, the people fighting are different too.

不僅作戰性質和後期的戰爭不同，參戰的人員也不同。

The image of the 18 year old Tommy is completely false about the BEF in 1940.

1940 年英國遠徵軍的形象，跟 18 歲的湯米完全不一樣。

If you get the NCOs, they could be any age up to 40.

如果是士官，他們可能任何年紀都有，最長到 40 歲。

And of course the officers would also be older.

The British army that goes to War in August 1914 was an entirely professional Regular army.

1914 年 8 月參戰的英國軍隊，是一支完全由職業正規軍組成的軍隊。

These are all people who joined the army for a career.

這些都是把當兵當成職業的人。

And the British Expeditionary Force were made up of all the battalions which had been on Home Service.

英國遠徵軍則是由所有駐守國內的部隊組成。

And in peacetime, the Home service battalions ran at just over half strength.

平時，駐守國內的部隊兵力只有一半多一點。

So instead of 1,000 men in peacetime, there'd be five or six hundred men, which meant that when the war broke out, the numbers had to be made back up to a thousand.

所以平時一千人的部隊，可能只有五六百人，這意味著戰爭爆發時，人數必須補足到一千人。

And the way that was done was by recalling men who were on the reserve.

而這樣做的辦法就是召回預備役的阿兵哥。

What it meant in practice was that almost a half of each of those battalions that go to France are made up with men who are out of practice, who might not be that fit, who certainly haven't handled some of the weapons or the equipment before.

實際上，這意味著派往法國的每個營，幾乎有一半是由這些許久未操練、體能可能不太好、而且肯定沒用過某些武器或裝備的阿兵哥組成的。

And so whilst the British army does have incredibly good kit, it's certainly not the case that every single soldier that goes to France is in absolutely tip top fighting condition.

所以，雖然英國軍隊擁有非常好的裝備，但並非每個派往法國的阿兵哥都處於絕對頂尖的戰鬥狀態。

This professional army is already being decimated.

這支職業軍隊已經在遭受重創。

By Christmas, the British have lost nearly 90,000 men.

到了聖誕節，英國已經損失了將近九萬人。

Their dream of winning the war in a swift, overwhelming attack has failed.

他們速戰速決、壓倒性攻擊的戰爭勝利夢想破滅了。

從現在開始，這就是一場圍城戰。

Well, the thing is, you're not intending to be in a trench.

嗯，問題是，你並不是打算要待在戰壕裡的。

You're in a firefight with the Germans, they're shooting at you.

你正在跟德軍交火，他們正朝你開槍。

You scrape with your little entrenching tool.

你用你那小小的戰壕工具挖著。

You try and get anything, anything men will hide behind a blade of grass.

你試著找任何東西，任何能讓男人躲藏的東西，哪怕是草葉。

you just try and get that five or six inches down, put the earth in front of you and then make it a bit deep.

你就試著挖個五六吋深，把土堆在前面，然後挖深一點。

Those first trenches come about when both sides literally can't get the better of one another, so that both sides on the opposite side of a field find themselves not being able to get any further forward and literally dig in where they are.

最初的戰壕出現，是因為雙方真的無法佔到便宜，所以戰場對面的雙方發現自己無法再往前推進，只能原地挖戰壕。

And as time goes on, what happens is that they join them together.

隨著時間過去，會發生什麼事呢？就是他們會把戰壕連起來。

And so from these little personal scrape holes gradually develops into firstly, a sort of a longer bit of trench, an outpost, and

所以從這些小小的個人挖掘的坑洞，慢慢發展成，首先是一個比較長的戰壕，一個前哨站，然後

then they're joined together and gradually a front line developed.

他們會互相連接，慢慢發展出一條戰線。

By November 1914, the trench network, if you like, has already started to evolve.

到1914年11月，戰壕網絡，如果你願意這麼說的話，就已經開始演變了。

在大多數地方，它仍然非常粗糙。

It certainly doesn't have the whole front line, support line, reserve line organisation that we'll see later.

它當然沒有我們之後會看到的，整條戰線、支援線、預備線的組織。

Its main purpose, the main purpose of all trenches is simply to make it safer for soldiers to live.

它最主要的目的，所有戰壕最主要的目的，就是讓阿兵哥們能更安全地生活。

The minute that you get below the surface, you're out of Rifle fire.

一進入戰壕下方，你就躲過了步槍的射擊。

it's certainly much, much safer to move around in daytime if you can stay below the ground.

白天如果能待在地面下方，移動起來絕對安全得多。

So the trenches evolve, they connect with other trenches, but

所以戰壕就這樣發展，它們連接到其他戰壕，但

it's still a long way from what we would think of as a very well organised, proper trench with proper fire bays, which come later.

這離我們現在認為的，有組織、有射擊區的正規戰壕，還有很長一段距離，那些都是之後才出現的。

The Western Front, we know, is beginning to form.

我們知道，西線戰場正在成形。

The soldiers are settling in to trench life.

讓它與眾不同的是，單調的例行公事。

A typical day in the trenches in 1914 was very different to a typical day in the trenches later.

1914 年戰壕裡的一天，跟後期戰壕裡的一天很不一樣。

For the majority of the war, most of the time, the soldiers would work at night and they would sleep through the day because it was safer.

在大部分的戰爭時期，阿兵哥們晚上工作，白天睡覺，因為那樣比較安全。

But by the end of 1914, those lessons haven't yet been learned.

但到了 1914 年底，這些教訓都還沒學到。

So we still have a situation where soldiers are pretty much sleeping at night and then working during the day.

所以我們還是會看到阿兵哥們晚上睡覺，白天工作的情況。

With all the casualties you'd expect of fellas being picked off by German snipers just because they suddenly get careless.

由於疏忽大意，德國狙擊手隨時可能開槍，傷亡慘重。

You have to set sentries out, sentries watching over no man's land.

你們必須設立哨兵，監視無人區。

The rest of the men, well, during the daytime, often sitting there writing letters home or attending to trench maintenance.

其他阿兵哥，白天的時候，常常坐在那裡寫信回家，或是進行戰壕的維護。

Drainage in the trenches was often poor, making mud a constant problem.

戰壕的排水常常很差，泥濘是個持續不斷的問題。

I used to think I knew what mud was before I came out here, but

我以前覺得自己知道什麼是泥巴，直到我來到這裡，

The mud here varies from 6 inches to 3 and 4ft, even 5ft.

這裡的泥濘從六英寸到三、四英尺，甚至五英尺都有。

And it's so sticky that my men used to arrive in the trenches with bare feet.

而且它非常黏，我的阿兵哥們常常赤腳來到戰壕。

Having cold feet isn't just unpleasant, it's a serious danger.

腳冷不只是不舒服，更是嚴重的危險。

Men are being sent to hospital due to frostbite and trench foot.

有些阿兵哥因為凍傷和戰壕足而送醫。

This is soldiers just trying to make sure that they can keep their feet dry in really adverse conditions.

這是阿兵哥們在極端惡劣的條件下，努力確保他們的腳保持乾燥。

Taking the boots and socks and putties off at least once a day, drying them off, putting a dryer, pair of socks back on.

至少一天脫一次靴子、襪子和綁腿，把它們弄乾，再換上一雙乾的襪子。

That was a crucial thing because very, very quickly fellas would get trench foot if they didn't keep their feet dry.

這非常關鍵，因為如果阿兵哥們不保持腳部乾燥，他們會非常、非常快地得到戰壕足。

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1914年聖誕節休戰的真實歷史！ (The Real History of the Christmas Truce of 1914)

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