Name: 美國最受歡迎國家公園「大煙山」為什麼總籠罩著藍色薄霧？ (What makes the Great Smoky Mountains smoky?)
Uploaded: 2025-12-31T21:01:20.000Z
Duration: 7 min 42 s

The US is home to 63 stunning national parks, but the most visited one, the Great Smoky Mountains.

美國擁有63個令人驚嘆的國家公園，但最受遊客歡迎的，是大煙山國家公園。

轉承詞

Smokies are amazing, particularly because of their beautiful landscapes and biodiversity.

大煙山令人驚艷，尤其因為它的美麗景觀和生物多樣性。

情態副詞

I particularly love smoky streams, which are these cascading, tumbling, beautiful bits of water.

我特別喜歡煙霧縈繞的溪流，這些是瀑布般翻滾、優美的水流。

We get a lot of folks who come here for the leaf season, but

我們有很多人為了賞楓季節而來，但

the colors are vibrant all year round, and

這裡的色彩全年都很鮮豔，而且

we're so fortunate to be in this beautiful place.

我們能身處這麼美的地方，真的很幸運。

These mountains are widely called chicanehay, which is a Cherokee word meaning blue.

這些山脈被廣泛稱為「chicanehay」，這是一個切羅基語，意思是藍色。

People often embellish the translation to say, the land of blue smoke or the place of blue smoke.

人們常把翻譯美化為「藍煙之地」或「藍煙之地點」。

There's a Dolly Parton song that's famous that uses that word.

有首多莉·帕頓（Dolly Parton）的著名歌曲就用了這個詞。

But what gives these mountains their iconic blue, hazy effect?

但究竟是什麼讓這些山脈呈現出標誌性的藍色霧氣呢？

And what is their significance to the Cherokee people?

它們對切羅基人的意義又是什麼？

The Smoky Mountains are located on the borders of Tennessee and North Carolina.

大煙山位於田納西州和北卡羅來納州的邊界。

In 1926, President Calvin Coolidge signed a bill authorizing the creation of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.

1926年，總統卡爾文·柯立芝簽署法案，批准成立大煙山國家公園。

It's over 500,000 acres and home to over 20,000 documented species.

公園面積超過50萬英畝，擁有超過2萬種已記錄的物種。

The Smokies location and landscape contribute to its temperate climate.

大煙山的位置和地形造就了其溫帶氣候。

我叫史蒂芬妮·凱里扎斯（Stephanie Kyriezas），

I'm the chief of resource education here at Great Smoky Mountains National Park.

我是大煙山國家公園的資源教育主管。

I think the landscape is much more dramatic in person.

我認為現場的景觀比照片更震撼。

You get on some of the ridges or some of the overlooks, and

當你站在一些山脊或觀景台上，

there's just layer after layer of mountains that you can see.

This helps to create the weather pattern called orographic precipitation or relief rainfall.

這有助於形成所謂的地形降水或地形雨的天氣模式。

We do get a significant amount of precipitation.

The difference from the rainforest you may think about, it's not as warm and humid, but

與你想像的熱帶雨林不同，這裡並不那麼溫暖和潮濕，但

we do get a significant amount of rain in the Smokies.

Warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico is forced up by the mountains.

來自墨西哥灣的溫暖潮濕空氣被山脈迫上高空。

As the air rises, it cools, causing the water vapor to condense into water droplets and forming clouds.

隨著空氣上升，它冷卻，使水蒸氣凝結成水滴，形成雲。

And when the clouds grow larger and can no longer hold the condensed water, rainfall occurs.

當雲變大，無法再承載凝結的水時，就會降雨。

This rainfall is part of the reason why the Smokies appear smoky.

這些降雨也是大煙山看起來煙霧繚繞的原因之一。

But the direct cause of this blue smoke is something a little more green.

但這種藍色煙霧的直接原因，其實更偏向綠色。

Smokies are also smoky because all of that vegetation does sort of release a kind of a gas that leads to a little bit of haze under some conditions.

大煙山之所以煙霧瀰漫，也是因為植被釋放出一種氣體，在某些條件下會形成薄霧。

This gas is known as VOCs, volatile organic compounds.

這種氣體稱為揮發性有機化合物（VOCs）。

The trees and vegetation expelling water vapor are part of what creates this haze.

樹木和植被釋放水蒸氣，是形成薄霧的一部分原因。

You can think of it as the forest breathing.

你可以把它想像成森林在呼吸。

The molecules from this haze scatter light from the sky, making a bluish hue.

薄霧中的分子散射天空光線，使其呈現藍色。

The Great Smoky Mountains, lush forests, and

natural resources made it the perfect place for new settlers to begin their lives in the Americas.

自然資源，使這裡成為新定居者在美洲開始生活的理想地點。

But as you can imagine, they were not the first people to be enchanted by the Smokies.

但可以想像，他們並不是第一批被大煙山吸引的人。

So I don't know if you can tell by the video yet, but

所以我不知道你是否已經從影片中看出來，但

the Great Smoky Mountains are more than just a place you read about.

大煙山不只是你在書上讀到的地方。

It's something you have to experience for yourself.

這是一個你必須親自體驗的地方。

From the acres of misty forests to the tiniest of critters, the Smokies are truly alive.

從一片片迷霧森林到最小的生物，大煙山真的充滿生命。

And that sense of wonder and adventure doesn't have to stop there.

這種驚奇與冒險的感覺不止於此。

Beyond the Blue Ridge Mountains, where the Smokies are in North Carolina,

在藍嶺山脈之外，也就是大煙山位於北卡的地方，

you'll find quiet towns, museums like the Museum of Cherokee People,

你會找到寧靜的城鎮、像切羅基博物館這樣的博物館，

beautiful hiking trails and restaurants that feel distinctly North Carolina.

美麗的健行步道和充滿北卡風格的餐廳。

There's really a little bit of something for everyone there.

這裡真的每個人都能找到些東西。

And now let's get back to the video because there's so much more I want you to see.

現在讓我們回到影片，因為還有很多我想讓你看到的。

I'm a citizen of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians.

我是東部切羅基印第安人的公民。

And I'm honored to serve as the executive director of the Museum of the Cherokee.

我很榮幸擔任切羅基博物館的執行董事。

As Cherokee people, we know that we are of this place.

作為切羅基人，我們知道我們屬於這片土地。

And when we say that, what we're saying is that since time immemorial, we know that we have been here.

當我們這麼說時，我們的意思是，自古以來，我們就知道自己一直生活在這裡。

The Smoky Mountains are in the heart of historic Cherokee homeland.

大煙山位於歷史切羅基故土的核心地帶。

And their presence in this region dates back thousands of years.

他們在這一地區的存在可追溯到數千年前。

The Cherokee's territory covered much of what we know today as West Virginia,

切羅基的領土涵蓋了今天我們所知的西維吉尼亞州、

Kentucky, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee State, South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama.

肯塔基州、維吉尼亞州、北卡羅來納州、田納西州、南卡羅來納州、喬治亞州和阿拉巴馬州的大部分地區。

Which means that by the time Europeans reached the Smokies in the 1500s,

這意味著，到了1500年代歐洲人抵達大煙山時，

Cherokee settlements were already established throughout the region.

切羅基人在整個地區已經建立了定居點。

There were townships that span that whole ancestral territory.

And there would have been areas and land that would have been more contested

or even shared with other tribes for, like, hunting and that kind of a thing.

或者與其他部落共享，用於狩獵等活動。

But with the arrival of European settlers came smallpox raids and destruction of Cherokee villages and forced displacement of Native people from their homes.

但隨著歐洲定居者的到來，小痘病毒襲擊、切羅基村莊被摧毀，以及原住民被迫離開家園。

The US government passed the Indian Removal Act of 1830,

美國政府在1830年通過了印第安人遷移法案，

which in time, led to ethnic cleansing and displacement of nearly 100,000 Native people.

隨著時間推移，導致了種族清洗，近10萬原住民被迫流離失所。

This decade of massacre and capture is known as the Trail of Tears.

這段屠殺與強迫遷移的十年史被稱為「淚水之路」。

Several hundred Cherokee people hid in the Smoky Mountains to evade their captors.

數百名切羅基人躲在大煙山，以躲避抓捕。

Some were able to use the law to reacquire their lands.

And others managed to return after the forced removal.

Today, their descendants are known as the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians.

今天，他們的後裔被稱為東部切羅基印第安人。

The story of how we came to be the Eastern Band and how we came to be in this place

我們成為東部切羅基部落以及來到這片土地的故事

is a story that started immediately after removal in 1838 and continues today.

始於1838年的強迫遷移，並延續至今。

We are still working to acquire the land back.

We all hold ties to this place, so we have generation upon generation of folks who also call these mountains home.

我們每個人都與這片土地有聯繫，所以世世代代的人都稱這些山為家。

Today, the Cherokee people are continuing to advocate for the restoration of their history in the Smokies and other parts of the US.

今天，切羅基人繼續為恢復大煙山及美國其他地區的歷史而努力。

One of the big wins in recent memory, about a year ago now,

近期的一個重要勝利，大約在一年前，

is at the highest peak in the Great Smoky Mountains was named after a Confederate general.

大煙山最高峰曾以一位邦聯將軍命名。

And we had two Cherokee women who worked tirelessly to get the name restored back to Kuwohi, which is our name for that sacred space.

兩位切羅基女性不懈努力，將名稱改回Kuwohi，也就是我們對這片神聖之地的稱呼。

The Great Smoky Mountains are not just one of the most magical national parks you can visit in the US.

大煙山不僅是美國最神奇的國家公園之一。

They're also a testament to the enduring link between land and identity.

它也是土地與身份之間持久聯繫的見證。

It's home to an abundance of biodiversity and remains a place where terrain served as protection for indigenous people.

這裡擁有豐富的生物多樣性，也曾是原住民的天然屏障。

But preservation of this land is an active endeavor.

但保護這片土地是一項積極的行動。

So when a lot of people come to the Smokies, they see this beautiful forested landscape and imagine that it's been that way forever.

很多人來到大煙山，只看到這片美麗的森林景觀，想像它一直如此。

However, in the late 19th and early 20th century, the park was almost completely clear cut by logging companies that were working in the mountains.

然而在19世紀末至20世紀初，伐木公司幾乎將公園完全砍伐。

It really took the last hundred years for that forest to recover.

這片森林花了整整一百年才恢復。

And so today, you know, most people think of the Smokies as a very forested landscape, but

所以今天，大多數人認為大煙山是茂密的森林景觀，但

there are really only a handful of patches where.

真正保留原始森林的地方，其實只剩少數幾塊。

Where we have true old growth trees that still remain.

這些地方仍有真正的古老樹木。

For a forest biologist, our landscape will still look like it's in its adolescence, maybe.

對森林生物學家來說，我們的景觀仍像是青少年階段。

Most people, when they come to the Smokies, can't tell that it ever was a practically barren landscape.

大多數人來到大煙山，無法想像這裡曾是一片幾乎荒蕪的土地。

Coupled with pollution and the effects of climate change,

there's still plenty to be done to look after this treasure in southern Appalachia.

仍有許多工作要做，以守護這片南阿巴拉契亞的寶藏。

To come and actually experience these mountains and these views and the expanses,

親自來這裡體驗這些山脈、這些景色與遼闊之地，

I mean, I will always believe that it is the most beautiful place I've ever seen in the world.

我是說，我一直都相信，這裡是我看過世界上最美的地方。

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美國最受歡迎國家公園「大煙山」為什麼總籠罩著藍色薄霧？ (What makes the Great Smoky Mountains smoky?)

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