Name: 觀看極致太陽耀斑引發極光！BBC Global (Watch the spectacular solar flares causing the aurora | BBC Global)
Uploaded: 2025-12-17T14:48:10.000Z
Duration: 2 min 45 s

What you're looking at is extreme ultraviolet footage of the sun, our very own living, breathing ball of gas.

你現在看到的是太陽的極紫外光影像，我們這個活生生的氣體球。

關係子句

The bright bursts of light are huge solar flare eruptions that herald a period of rare and furious action, directly linked to a beautiful phenomenon happening on Earth.

那些明亮的光爆，就是巨大的太陽閃焰爆發，預告著一場罕見且劇烈的行動，這跟地球上一個美麗的現象息息相關。

The Sun's 11 year cycle of activity includes solar flares and coronal mass ejections, vast clouds of magnetized solar plasma and radiation leaping into space.

太陽11年的活動週期，包含了太陽閃焰和日冕物質拋射，也就是大團的磁化太陽電漿和輻射噴射到太空中。

These contribute to what is known as the solar wind.

這些都匯聚成了我們所知的太陽風。

It's a continuous flow of charged particles being thrown in our direction at around 1 million miles per hour.

這是一種持續不斷的帶電粒子流，以每小時約一百萬英里的速度朝我們而來。

This wouldn't be good news for life on Earth if our planet didn't have a trick up its sleeve.

如果我們的地球沒有點壓箱寶，這對地球上的生命來說可不是什麼好消息。

It valiantly defends us from the solar wind as well as cosmic rays from deep space.

它英勇地保護我們免受太陽風和來自遙遠太空的宇宙射線的侵害。

But the solar wind is not always the same.

A lot of activity on the Sun's surface can lead to solar storms, big waves of charged particles that slam into the Earth's magnetosphere.

太陽表面大量的活動可能導致太陽風暴，也就是巨大的帶電粒子浪潮，猛烈撞擊地球的磁層。

the rest are caught in our magnetic field and drawn to both poles, leading to geomagnetic storms that penetrate our atmosphere.

剩下的則被我們的磁場捕獲並帶往兩極，進而引發地磁風暴，滲透我們的磁層。

As these particles pass through our atmosphere, they can disrupt radio signals, including gps.

當這些粒子穿過大氣層時，可能會干擾無線電訊號，包括 GPS。

But they're most famous for creating colorful displays of the aurora borealis, or the northern lights, as well as the aurora australis in the southern hemisphere.

但它們最出名的就是創造出絢麗的極光（北極光），以及在南半球的南極光。

The colours occur due to different gases in the Earth's atmosphere being energized by the charged particles.

這些色彩的產生是因為地球大氣中的不同氣體被帶電粒子激發所致。

Earth's two most common atmospheric gases are nitrogen and oxygen.

地球上最常見的兩種大氣氣體是氮氣和氧氣。

Oxygen emits either a red or green glow, the color most commonly seen, while nitrogen emits blues and purples.

氧氣會發出紅色或綠色的光芒，這是最常見的顏色，而氮氣則會發出藍色和紫色。

In May 2024, we saw a huge increase in extreme geomagnetic storms as the Sun's activity cycle approaches its solar max.

在 2024 年 5 月，隨著太陽活動週期接近太陽極大期，我們看到極大地磁風暴大幅增加。

This has led to a much greater chance of seeing aurora activity around the globe and has created some pretty spectacular light displays from China to Europe, Australia and even some southern states in the us.

這大大增加了在全球各地看到極光活動的機會，並從中國到歐洲、澳洲，甚至美國南部各州都出現了相當壯觀的光芒。

As for how long these conditions could last for, well, it's possible for this maximum activity to last several years.

至於這些情況可能會持續多久，嗯，這種最大活動期有可能持續好幾年。

And in case you thought these light shows were reserved for Earth only aurora have been discovered on other planets in our solar system, including Saturn, Uranus and Jupiter.

而且如果你以為這些光芒只會出現在地球上的極光，那就錯囉，我們在太陽系的其他行星，包括土星、天王星和木星上也發現了極光。