Name: 約克冷戰碉堡 | 與丹-斯諾一起探訪造就英格蘭的 10 個地方 (York Cold War Bunker | 10 Places That Made England with Dan Snow)
Uploaded: 2025-10-27T18:18:49.000Z
Duration: 8 min 18 s

Tucked away on the edge of York is a place of vital link in the chain of Britain's covert defenses.

在約克郡的邊緣，隱藏著一個對英國祕密防禦網絡至關重要的據點。

It's a Cold War bunker buried underground.

這是一個埋藏在地下的冷戰碉堡。

But luckily you don't need security clearance anymore to get in.

但幸好，現在進來不需要安全許可了。

There were 31 bunkers like this in England.

Their story begins after the USA detonated the world's first atomic device in 1945.

他們的故事始於1945年美國引爆世界上第一顆原子裝置之後。

In August 45, the US dropped two atomic bombs on Japan.

1945年8月，美國在日本投下了兩顆原子彈。

First Hiroshima and then Nagasaki three days later.

先是廣島，然後三天後是長崎。

These two bombs alone caused the death of over 200,000 people.

這兩顆炸彈就造成了超過20萬人死亡。

The Second World War was over, but there wouldn't be much peace dividend.

第二次世界大戰結束了，但和平紅利並不多。

By 1946, Britain and the Soviet Union were effectively enemies.

到1946年，英國和蘇聯實際上已經成為敵人。

The Soviets detonated their first hydrogen fusion bomb in 1953.

蘇聯在1953年引爆了他們的第一顆氫融合彈。

Britain followed suit, creating their first atomic bomb in the same year and launching a new research program focusing on nuclear warfare.

英國緊隨其後，同年製造了他們的第一顆原子彈，並啟動了一個專注於核戰的新研究計畫。

By 1961, the possibility of nuclear war made bunkers like this essential.

到了1961年，核戰的可能性讓像這樣的掩體變得至關重要。

1 Political miscalculation and the world could be plunged into catastrophic nuclear exchange.

一點政治上的誤判，世界就可能陷入毀滅性的核交換。

But the people operating in the bunker down here would have known exactly what to do.

但在這裡掩體裡工作的人們，會確切知道該怎麼做。

In 1957, the Home Office set up the UKWMO, the United Kingdom Warning and Monitoring Organization, which was to give the military and government vital information on the magnitude and strength of nuclear attacks on British soil.

1957年，內政部成立了英國預警與監測組織（UKWMO），負責向軍方和政府提供關於英國本土核攻擊的規模和強度的重要資訊。

As part of this, bunkers were set up, managed by the volunteer Royal Observer Corps, the ROC.

作為這項計畫的一部分，設立了掩體，由志願者組成的皇家觀察員團（ROC）負責管理。

The Royal Observer Corps was formed in 1925.

Their job was to literally look up at the skies to observe, identify any enemy planes, then report that information back to bunkers like this, to control rooms like this, where it could be plotted on a map.

他們的工作是實際地抬頭觀察天空，識別任何敵機，然後將該資訊回報給像這樣的掩體、像這樣的控制室，以便在地圖上標示出來。

They that information in turn was then sent to the relevant governmental or military authorities.

這些資訊接著會被傳送給相關的政府或軍事單位。

到了1950年代，戰爭的型態已經改變了。

The Royal Observer Corps was now concerned with the possibility of nuclear strikes on Britain.

皇家觀察員團現在開始關注英國遭受核攻擊的可能性。

The bunker was run by three paid officers and hundreds of volunteers who trained for three evenings a week to be part of the team.

這個掩體由三名領薪的軍官和數百名志願者管理，他們每週訓練三個晚上，以便成為團隊的一份子。

I've come into the heart of the bunker, its nerve center, the technical operations room.

我來到掩體的中心，也就是它的神經中樞，技術操作室。

This room is a direct descendant of the operations rooms used by the RAF during the Second World War.

這個房間是皇家空軍在第二次世界大戰期間使用的作戰室的直系後代。

Back then, they were used to track enemy aircraft that were coming to British airspace.

當時，它們是用來追蹤前來英國領空的敵機。

This room was designed to track the impact of enemy bombs, massive nuclear bombs detonating across, well, in this case northern England.

這個房間的設計目的是追蹤敵方炸彈的影響，也就是大規模核彈在英格蘭北部爆炸的影響。

You can see one here outside Lincoln, one here outside York.

你可以在林肯外看到一個，約克外看到另一個。

After that detonation, they'd also try and estimate how the weather, the wind and the rain would affect that radiation fallout toxin.

接著，他們也會試著估計天氣、風雨會如何影響輻射塵的毒性。

Once the team down here heard the code word toxin, that was it.

一旦樓下的團隊聽到「毒性」這個代號，就代表一切了。

The doors to the bunker would be bolted and it was time for the people sitting here, for example, to wait and listen in to the satellite stations for news of a nuclear strike.

掩體的門就會被鎖上，而坐在這裡的人，例如，就必須等待並收聽衛星站的消息，得知核攻擊的狀況。

Can you imagine what it was like for these operators, focused on their work, but

你能想像這些操作員當時的心情嗎？他們專注於工作，

also inevitably, thinking of their family, their friends, their community, wondering what was happening to them above the ground?

但同時也難免會想到他們的家人、朋友、社區，想著地面上發生了什麼事？

The bunker had only been operational for a year before in 1962, the team down here found themselves on high alert as the Cuban Missile Crisis unf.

這個掩體啟用才一年，到了 1962 年，這裡的團隊就進入高度戒備狀態，因為古巴飛彈危機爆發了。

Within the past week, unmistakable evidence has established the fact that a series of offensive missile sites is now in preparation on that imprisoned island.

過去一週，確鑿的證據證實了，在這個被囚禁的島嶼上，一系列攻擊性飛彈陣地正在準備中。

The purpose of these bases can be none other than to provide a nuclear strike capability against the Western Hemisphere.

這些基地存在的目的，無非是為了提供對西半球的核打擊能力。

The Soviet Union stationed missiles on the Caribbean island of Cuba capable of striking the USA directly.

蘇聯在加勒比海的古巴島上部署了飛彈，能夠直接打擊美國。

Had the prospect of nuclear war finally become a reality?

核戰的陰影，難道終於要成為現實了嗎？

Luckily, US President Kennedy and Soviet leader Khrushchev managed to negotiate the removal of the missiles.

幸運的是，美國總統甘迺迪和蘇聯領導人赫魯曉夫成功協商，移除了飛彈。

The Cold War thawed a licking reliably informed that the dismantling of the missiles and their installations was already in progress and that this process should be completed by Friday.

冷戰開始解凍，可靠的消息指出，飛彈及其設施的拆除工作已經在進行中，並應於週五前完成。

In 1989, the Berlin Wall fell, the Eastern Bloc began to democratise and a 40 year stalemate was broken.

1989年，柏林圍牆倒塌，東歐集團開始民主化，長達40年的僵局被打破。

But the ROC didn't officially stand down this bunker until two years later in September 1991.

但中華民國直到兩年後的1991年9月，才正式關閉這個掩體。

Thankfully, the Royal Observer Corps never had to deal with the actual fallout from a nuclear strike.

幸好，皇家觀察員團從未真正處理過核攻擊的實際落塵。

But the hours, the days they spent training and preparing is still literally written on the walls of this bunker.

但他們訓練和準備的那些小時、那些日子，至今仍真實地寫在這個掩體的牆上。

It's an astonishing relic from a time when the British government found itself having to plan for the possibility of nuclear devast.

這是那個英國政府必須規劃核毀滅可能性的時代令人驚嘆的遺物。