Name: 職業之爭 💥 醫生與外科醫生 | 培訓、生活方式與薪酬 (Career Battle 💥 Doctor vs Surgeon | Training, Lifestyle, & Pay)
Uploaded: 2025-10-09T18:56:17.000Z
Duration: 14 min 7 s

Welcome to our brand new Career Battle series where we'll compare two different medical career options to help you decide which is the best path for you.

歡迎來到我們全新的職涯對決系列，在這裡我們會比較兩種不同的醫療職涯選項，幫助你決定哪條路最適合你。

We'll break down compensation, lifestyle, length of training, and the pros and cons of pursuing each career path.

我們會詳細分析每條職涯路徑的薪酬、生活方式、訓練時長以及優缺點。

Dr. Jubbal medschoolinsiders.com first up in our career battle arena is Doctor versus Surgeon.

Jubbal 醫師 medschoolinsiders.com，在我們這次的職涯對決擂臺上，首先登場的是醫師對決外科醫師。

Let's clear something up before we get started.

在我們開始之前，先釐清一件事。

All surgeons are doctors, but not every doctor is a surgeon.

所有的外科醫師都是醫師，但並非所有醫師都是外科醫師。

Surgical fields include plastic surgery, vascular surgery and orthopedic surgery, whereas non surgical fields include family medicine, psychiatry and pediatrics.

外科領域包含整形外科、血管外科和骨科，而非外科領域則包含家庭醫學、精神科和小兒科。

Of course, the terminology around doctors is already confusing as the term doctor can have different meanings in society.

當然，關於醫師的術語本身就已經很讓人困惑了，因為「醫師」這個詞在社會上可以有不同的含義。

For example, if you earn a PhD in any subject from literature to paleontology, you are also called a doctor.

例如，如果你在任何學科，從文學到古生物學，獲得了博士學位，你也可以被稱為醫師。

Some medical school admissions consultants mislead unsuspecting pre meds by calling themselves doctors.

有些醫學院招生顧問會誤導毫無戒心的預科生，稱自己為醫師。

While this is technically true because they have a PhD in clinical psychology, they have no medical training, are not physicians, and

雖然這在技術上是正確的，因為他們擁有臨床心理學博士學位，但他們沒有接受過醫學訓練，也不是醫師，而且

never went through the process of getting into medical school themselves.

自己從未經歷過進入醫學院的過程。

但他們卻聲稱自己是這方面的專家。

For this video when we speak about a doctor, we mean a physician, as in someone who has an MD or a do.

在這支影片中，當我們提到醫師時，指的是有 MD 或 DO 學位的醫學博士。

In the US you can become a physician by completing four years of medical school.

在美國，你可以在完成四年醫學院後成為一名醫師。

This typically involves two years of pre clinical training which is primarily but not exclusively spent in the classroom, followed by two years of clinical training which is primarily spent on rotations in the hospital or clinic.

這通常包含兩年的臨床前訓練，主要在教室裡進行，但也非全然如此，接著是兩年的臨床訓練，主要在醫院或診所進行輪調。

While you'll become a doctor with an MD or do the day you graduate from medical school, you're not a fully trained and board certified physician until you complete residency and pass your board exams.

雖然你畢業那天就擁有 MD 或 DO 學位，但直到你完成住院醫師訓練並通過國家考試，才算是完全訓練有素且獲得委員會認證的醫師。

Residency lasts three to seven years after medical school.

住院醫師訓練在醫學院畢業後，會持續三到七年。

During residency, physicians train for a specific medical specialty.

在住院醫師訓練期間，醫師會針對特定的醫學專科進行訓練。

It's this fork in the road decision about your specialty that distinguishes a doctor from a surgeon.

正是這個關於你專科的岔路口決定，區分了醫師和外科醫師。

Non surgical specialties include internal medicine, family medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, OB, GYN, radiology, neurology, emergency medicine, dermatology, anesthesiology, PM&R, and

非外科專科包括內科、家庭醫學、小兒科、精神科、婦產科、放射科、神經科、急診醫學、皮膚科、麻醉科、復健科，以及

Surgical specialties include general surgery, neurosurgery, plastic surgery, urology, orthopedic surgery, otorhinolaryngology or ENT and vascular surgery.

外科專科包括一般外科、神經外科、整形外科、泌尿科、骨科、耳鼻喉科以及血管外科。

You may be wondering, what about cardiology or gastroenterology?

你可能會想，那心臟內科或腸胃科呢？

These are two of the many subspecializations of internal medicine, meaning before you can become a cardiologist or gastroenterologist, you must first complete three years of internal medicine residency followed by a cardiology or gastroenterology fellowship.

這些是內科的眾多次專科中的兩個，也就是說，在你成為心臟科醫師或腸胃科醫師之前，你必須先完成三年的內科住院醫師訓練，接著再進行心臟科或腸胃科的進修。

This is also true of many surgical subspecializations before you can become a colorectal surgeon, you must complete five years of general surgery residency followed by a colorectal surgery fellowship.

許多外科次專科也是如此，在你成為大腸直腸外科醫師之前，你必須完成五年的一般外科住院醫師訓練，接著再進行大腸直腸外科的進修。

Other surgical subspecializations after general surgery residency include minimally invasive surgery, thoracic surgery, pediatric surgery, and surgical oncology.

一般外科住院醫師訓練後其他的外科次專科，包括微創手術、胸腔外科、小兒外科，以及外科腫瘤學。

Internal medicine is to non surgical specialties as general surgery is to surgical specialties.

內科之於非外科專科，就像一般外科之於外科專科。

Both are broad and allow for the widest breadth of specializations after your initial residency training.

兩者都很廣泛，並允許在初次住院醫師訓練後，有最廣泛的專科選擇。

For a detailed breakdown of each individual physician path, check out our so youo Want to Be playlist which takes a deep dive into over 50 medical specialties.

想了解每個醫師職涯路徑的詳細分析，請查看我們的「So You Want to Be」播放清單，裡面深入探討了超過 50 種醫學專科。

So how is training different between surgical and non surgical specialties?

那麼，外科和非外科專科的訓練有什麼不同呢？

Residency length varies depending on the specialty you choose.

住院醫師的訓練時長會依據你選擇的專科而有所不同。

In general, surgical specialties require more years of training.

一般來說，外科專科需要更長的訓練時長。

The fastest way to become a doctor is to go straight from college to medical school without taking any breaks.

成為醫師最快的方法就是大學畢業後直接進入醫學院，中間不休息。

Spend four years in medical school without taking a gap year, and

then match directly into a short three year residency like family medicine, internal medicine, or pediatrics.

然後直接進入像家庭醫學、內科或小兒科這樣訓練時長較短的三年住院醫師訓練。

If you want to become a doctor in the shortest amount of time, check out our video outlining the fastest path to becoming a doctor linked in the description.

如果你想在最短時間內成為醫師，可以看看我們在說明區連結的「最快成為醫師之路」影片。

To become a surgeon, you must initially follow the same steps as someone who wants to pursue a non surgical specialty by completing four years of medical school.

想要成為外科醫師，你一開始必須和想走非外科專科的人一樣，完成四年的醫學院學業。

However, when it comes time to apply for residency, you will apply to a surgical specialty.

不過，到了申請住院醫師訓練時，你會申請外科專科。

Some surgical specialties have their own dedicated residency following medical school, whereas others require a five year general surgery residency first before further subspecialization.

有些外科專科在醫學院畢業後有專門的住院醫師訓練，但有些則需要先完成五年的一般外科住院醫師訓練，之後再進一步專攻次專科。

After general surgery, there are many surgical paths to further subspecialize depending on your interests such as surgical oncology, colorectal surgery, trauma surgery, cardiothoracic surgery, and

在一般外科之後，根據你的興趣，還有許多外科路徑可以讓你進一步專攻次專科，例如外科腫瘤學、大腸直腸外科、創傷外科、心胸外科，以及

We cover all surgical specialties and subspecialties in another video linked in the description.

我們在說明區的另一支影片中有介紹所有外科專科和次專科。

Fellowships last anywhere from one to three years depending on the subspecialization you are pursuing.

進修訓練的時長從一年到三年不等，取決於你選擇的次專科。

For example, let's consider plastic surgery.

舉例來說，我們來看看整形外科。

You can either match directly into a six year plastic surgery residency, which is known as the integrated path, or you may take the independent path, which requires five years of general surgery residency before applying for an additional three years of independent plastic surgery training.

你可以直接申請為期六年的整形外科住院醫師訓練，這稱為整合路徑，或者你可以選擇獨立路徑，這需要先完成五年的總外科住院醫師訓練，之後再進一步申請為期三年的獨立整形外科訓練。

If you like the idea of matching directly into plastic surgery residency, keep in mind that plastic surgery consistently ranks in the top three most competitive specialties to match into.

如果你喜歡直接申請整形外科住院醫師訓練，請記住，整形外科一直名列最競爭的前三大專科。

Download our complete specialty Competitiveness Index linked in the description so is it easier to become a doctor or a surgeon?

下載我們在說明區連結的完整專科競爭力指數，所以要成為醫師或外科醫師，哪個比較容易？

That all depends on your interests and whether or not you're dexterous and enjoy working with your hands.

這完全取決於你的興趣，以及你是否靈巧且喜歡動手工作。

While surgical specialties tend to require more training.

雖然外科專科通常需要更多訓練。

Radiology, for example, is a five year residency.

放射科，舉例來說，是五年的住院醫師訓練。

If you're interested in interventional radiology, residency can last six to seven years.

如果你對介入放射學有興趣，住院醫師訓練可能需要六到七年。

This means training to become an interventional radiologist takes longer than becoming a general surgeon.

這表示要成為介入放射科醫師的訓練時間，比成為一般外科醫師的時間還長。

But keep in mind surgical residencies tend to require more grueling hours and compromises to one's lifestyle compared to non surgical residencies.

不過請記住，外科專科的住院醫師訓練通常需要更艱苦的工時，以及對生活方式的妥協，這跟非外科專科的住院醫師訓練比起來是這樣。

Plus, some specialties are easier to enter than others.

此外，有些專科比其他專科更容易進入。

Generally speaking, surgical specialties are more competitive, with four surgical specialties in the top five most competitive, the exception being dermatology.

一般來說，外科專科的競爭更激烈，有四個外科專科位居競爭最激烈的前五名，唯一的例外是皮膚科。

All five least competitive specialties are non surgical.

所有競爭最不激烈的五個專科都是非外科專科。

Next, how does the compensation compare between surgical and non surgical career paths?

接下來，外科和非外科的職涯路徑，薪酬比較起來怎麼樣？

Since the title of doctor is so broad, there's actually quite a range in compensation.

由於醫師這個頭銜非常廣泛，薪酬的範圍其實相當大。

The lowest paid non surgical specialty is pediatric endocrinology at $218,000.

薪酬最低的非外科專科是小兒內分泌科，年薪為 218,000 美元。

In fact, most pediatric subspecialties make considerably less than adult specialties because children are more resilient than adults and require fewer procedures.

事實上，大多數小兒科次專科的收入都比成人專科少很多，因為小孩比成人更有韌性，需要的侵入性治療也比較少。

The lowest paid non pediatric specialty is medical genetic genetics and Genomics at $245,000.

收入最低的非小兒科專科是醫學遺傳學與基因體學，年薪為 230,000 美元。

The highest paid non surgical specialty is radiation oncology at $569,000.

收入最高的一般非外科專科是放射腫瘤科，年薪為 537,000 美元。

Comparatively, the lowest paid surgical specialty is colorectal surgery at $455,000 and the highest paid surgical specialty is neurosurgery at $764,000.

相比之下，收入最低的外科專科是直腸外科，年薪為 429,000 美元；而收入最高的外科專科是神經外科，年薪為 720,000 美元。

The difference between the lowest paid non surgical specialty and the highest paid surgical specialty is nearly 550,000 do, while the difference between the lowest paid surgical specialty and the highest is just over $300,000.

收入最低的非外科專科和收入最高的外科專科之間的差距將近 520,000 美元，而收入最低的外科專科和最高外科專科之間的差距則略高於 280,000 美元。

As you can see, surgeons tend to make more money than non surgical physicians.

正如你所見，外科醫師的收入通常比非外科醫師來得高。

In fact, the five highest paying medical specialties are all surgical specialties.

事實上，收入最高的前五名醫學專科都是外科專科。

Oral and maxillofacial surgery, plastic surgery, orthopedic surgery, thoracic surgery and neurosurgery.

口腔顎面外科、整形外科、骨科、胸腔外科和神經外科。

Because there are so many different surgical and non surgical paths, we'll need to make some generalizations here.

由於有這麼多不同的外科和非外科職涯路徑，我們在這裡需要做一些概括性的說明。

Typically, non surgical medic medical careers are less demanding and offer a better work life balance.

一般來說，非外科的醫學職涯要求比較沒那麼嚴苛，而且能提供更好的生活方式平衡。

Non surgical specialists usually work fewer hours and are less likely to be on call.

非外科專科醫師通常工時較短，且較少需要輪值。

Dermatologists, for example, work about 40 to 50 hours a week, whereas neurosurgeons can work upwards of 70 hours per week.

舉例來說，皮膚科醫師每週工作約 40 到 50 小時，而神經外科醫師的工時可能超過 70 小時。

Surgical physicians tend to work longer, more stressful hours and are more commonly on call.

外科醫師的工時通常更長、壓力更大，且更常需要輪值。

This means they can be called in to perform emergency surgery at a moment's notice, including nights and weekends.

這表示他們可能隨時需要進行緊急手術，包括晚上和週末。

If a doctor has Christmas off, that time is still protected.

如果醫師有聖誕節假期，那段時間仍然受到保障。

Surgical Procedures are also mentally and physically taxing, with some complex surgeries lasting over 10 hours.

外科手術也對身心造成極大負擔，有些複雜手術甚至需要 10 小時以上。

Next, what are the pros and cons of becoming a doctor?

接下來，成為醫師的優缺點是什麼？

As a pro, non surgical specialties tend to have more reasonable work life balance.

優點是，非外科專科通常有更合理的工作與生活平衡。

Again, this is in general and there are exceptions.

再次強調，這是一般情況，也有例外。

Nearly all non surgical specialties require fewer years of training and are often less competitive for residency programs.

大部分的非外科專科所需的訓練年數較少，而且通常在住院醫師計畫的競爭力也較低。

For example, out of the 22 specialties listed in our competitiveness index, the bottom half are all non surgical.

舉例來說，在我們列出的 22 個專科競爭力指數中，有一半以下的都是非外科專科。

Fewer years of residency also means you'll be able to start earning a six figure salary sooner, which means you can begin to pay off any medical school debt which currently averages over $250 $50,000 by the end of medical school.

住院醫師年資較短，也意味著你可以更快開始賺取六位數的薪水，如此一來，你就可以開始償還醫學院的學貸，目前平均醫學院畢業時的學貸超過 25 萬美元。

這就帶到了一個值得注意的缺點。

The trade off of better work life balance and fewer years of training is that most non surgical physicians make less money than surgeons.

工作與生活平衡較好、訓練時長較短的代價是，大多數非外科醫師的收入不如外科醫師。

The exceptions are radiation, oncology, cardiology and radiology, which are the only non surgical specialties that rank in the top 10 highest paid doctors.

例外是放射腫瘤科、心臟內科和放射科，這幾個是非外科專科中，唯有能擠進收入最高醫師前十名的。

Another con is that the work may not be fast paced enough, especially for those who want to work with their hands.

另一個缺點是，工作節奏可能不夠快，特別是對於那些想動手操作的人來說。

For those who enj procedures, non surgical specialties won't be nearly as technically stimulating or challenging as a surgical career.

對於喜歡進行手術的人來說，非外科專科在技術上的刺激或挑戰性，遠不如外科職涯。

However, many non surgical specialties tend to be more intellectually engaging.

不過，許多非外科專科往往在智力上更具吸引力。

For example neurology, psychiatry and allergy immunology, where diagnoses and treatments are not always clear cut and it's up to the physician to solve the puzzle.

像是神經學、精神科和過敏免疫學，診斷和治療不總是那麼明確，需要醫師來解開謎題。

While exaggerated and dramatized, Dr. House is an internal medicine hospitalist who solves unique and complex cases.

雖然這部影集誇張且戲劇化，但豪斯醫師是位內科住院醫師，專門解決獨特且複雜的病例。

Now let's consider the pros and cons of becoming a surgeon.

現在我們來看看成為外科醫師的優缺點。

A notable pro is the higher pay with the lowest paid surgical specialty, colorectal surgery, still making over $455,000 a year depending on your specialty and whether or not you further specialize as a surgeon.

一個顯著的優點是薪酬較高，即使是收入最低的外科專科，大腸直腸外科，每年收入仍可超過 455,000 美元，這取決於你的專科以及是否進一步專攻外科醫師。

You can make over $700,000 as a thoracic surgeon or neurosurgeon.

你可以成為胸腔外科醫師或神經外科醫師，收入超過 700,000 美元。

But beyond the money, it comes down to your personal preference and interest in medicine.

但除了金錢之外，最終還是取決於你個人的偏好以及對醫學的興趣。

If you're meticulous, dexterous, thrive under pressure and enjoy working with your hands, surgery is an ideal fit.

如果你細心、靈巧、能在壓力下茁壯成長，並且喜歡動手操作，那麼外科就是一個理想的選擇。

You'll be stimulated from a technical perspective, while other less procedure focused specialties may leave you wanting more.

你會在技術層面獲得刺激，而其他較不注重手術的專科可能會讓你覺得意猶未盡。

The most notable drawback of becoming a surgeon is the longer training that's required.

成為外科醫師最顯著的缺點是需要更長的訓練時長。

The shortest residency, such as general surgery, still requires five years of training after four years of medical school.

最短的住院醫師訓練，例如一般外科，在醫學院四年後仍需五年訓練。