Name: 人工智能如何改變就業市場 - 英國廣播公司世界服務播客 What in the World (How AI is changing the job market - What in the World podcast, BBC World Service)
Uploaded: 2025-09-25T10:23:44.000Z
Duration: 13 min 56 s

I have now been looking for a job for a year with more than 200 applications sent.

我已經找了一年的工作，寄出了 200 多份申請。

形容詞比較級

How much longer will I be kind of stuck in this limbo, I guess, between school and, you know, adulthood?

我想，在學校和成年之間，我還會被困在這樣的困境中多久？

Most people I know have been impacted by layoffs at least once, if not twice.

我認識的大多數人都至少受到過一次甚至兩次裁員的影響。

Welcome to What in the World, the podcast for all of your news, trends and talking points from the BBC World Service.

歡迎收聽 "What in the World "播客，BBC 世界廣播為您提供所有新聞、趨勢和話題。

You've got to scour the internet for ads and then put in all of that time and mental energy on an application.

你必須在互聯網上搜索廣告，然後把所有的時間和精力都花在申請上。

And that's before you've even found out if you've got an interview.

這還是在你還沒得到面試機會之前。

But some people have been finding that process even harder than normal.

但有些人發現這一過程比正常情況下更加困難。

They've been putting in loads of applications and never hearing back.

他們已經提交了大量申請，但一直沒有迴音。

And we've all heard the chat about AI taking our jobs.

我們都聽說過人工智能會搶走我們的工作。

And there have been some recent studies that suggest that AI is making it harder for younger people and grads to get their first jobs.

而最近的一些研究表明，人工智能讓年輕人和畢業生更難找到第一份工作。

So is AI after your job and what can you do to adapt?

那麼，人工智能是否會取代你的工作？

I'm speaking to Natalia Jimenez, a BBC reporter in New York.

我現在採訪的是英國廣播公司駐紐約記者納塔利婭-希門尼斯（Natalia Jimenez）。

OK, so firstly, this chat about AI taking entry level jobs, how big of a problem is it?

好吧，首先，關於人工智能搶走入門級工作的話題，問題到底有多大？

So, I mean, the quick answer is yes, we're going through an AI disruption phase.

所以，我的意思是，快速回答是肯定的，我們正在經歷人工智能顛覆階段。

That's the phrase that you're often going to hear.

So, yes, AI is starting to replace jobs and particularly entry level jobs.

所以，是的，人工智能正在開始取代工作，尤其是初級工作。

Those are the first on the chopping block.

And that's because they're often administrative, they're digital, they're repetitive.

這是因為它們往往是行政性的、數字化的、重複性的。

They're basically jobs that AI can learn quite easily, make more efficient, go faster.

這些工作基本上都是人工智能可以很容易學會的，可以提高效率，加快速度。

That's very attractive to companies that are starting to look to cut costs.

這對開始尋求削減成本的公司來說非常有吸引力。

So, yes, young people are suffering the most.

所以，是的，年輕人遭受的痛苦最大。

我們也從數字中看到了這一點。

Stanford did a study and it said that since late 2022, right when chat GPT went big, people aged 22 to 25 have seen a 13% drop in jobs and roles that are easy for AI to handle.

斯坦福大學曾做過一項研究，結果表明，自 2022 年末，也就是哈拉 GPT 大行其道的時候，22 至 25 歲的人群中，人工智能容易勝任的工作和角色減少了 13%。

So I'm talking software development, marketing, customer service.

所以我說的是軟件開發、市場營銷和客戶服務。

Meanwhile, older workers are not affected in the same way.

與此同時，老年工人卻沒有受到同樣的影響。

So that's why the study essentially calls young people canaries in the coal mine.

是以，這項研究將年輕人稱為煤礦中的金絲雀。

There's a real problem because if people aren't being accepted at entry level, then they can't progress up the chain and then they can't get the expertise to get to those kind of more secure mid and top level jobs, the ones where they have those soft skills that can't be imitated or replaced by AI.

這確實是個問題，因為如果人們在入門級工作時就不被接受，那麼他們就無法向上發展，也就無法獲得專業技能來從事那些更有保障的中高級工作，而這些工作所需的軟技能是人工智能無法模仿或取代的。

And of course, this isn't the only thing that's affecting the U.S. job market at the moment.

當然，這並不是目前影響美國就業市場的唯一因素。

What are some of the other things that have been going on for young people?

So this is kind of part of a bigger shift.

是以，這是一個更大轉變的一部分。

So we obviously have macroeconomic factors.

是以，我們顯然有宏觀經濟因素。

So after the pandemic, there was a chilling in the job market.

是以，大流行病之後，就業市場出現了寒流。

So that's one of the issues that we're dealing with, too.

是以，這也是我們正在處理的問題之一。

So there are more people applying for administrative jobs, less so jobs in retail.

是以，申請行政工作的人多了，申請零售工作的人少了。

Those jobs in retail and health care, the ones that need a little bit more human interaction, they're still going.

零售業和醫療保健業的工作，那些需要更多人際互動的工作，仍在繼續。

Whereas the ones that need maybe a college degree in the sense of computer science, that was a job that was very, very in demand a few years ago.

而那些需要大學學位的工作，比如計算機科學，在幾年前是非常搶手的。

So, yeah, the macroeconomic shifts right now in the economy, it's not great.

所以，是的，現在的宏觀經濟形勢並不樂觀。

And then AI and then an oversaturated market.

然後是人工智能，然後是過度飽和的市場。

And let's hear from some of you guys who got in touch and are looking for work.

讓我們聽聽與我們聯繫並正在找工作的人的意見。

I work in the fields of arts and culture.

I hold two master's degrees, one in political and social sciences, and another one in cultural policy and administration.

我擁有兩個碩士學位，一個是政治與社會科學碩士學位，另一個是文化政策與管理碩士學位。

I think that on my part, there is several frustrations that I'd like to highlight within this job hunting process.

我認為，就我而言，在這個求職過程中，我想強調幾種挫折。

The lack of formal answers from employers, the disregard for experiences linked to your internship or traineeships or even voluntary contacts.

缺乏僱主的正式答覆，無視與實習或見習甚至志願接觸相關的經歷。

I do not believe that AI should or can truly replace an artist or a playwright, but it has been increasingly used to do so in several cases.

我並不認為人工智能應該或能夠真正取代藝術家或劇作家，但在一些案例中，人工智能已越來越多地被用於取代藝術家或劇作家。

And so for me, it is a growing political and ecological concern.

是以，對我來說，這是一個日益嚴重的政治和生態問題。

我們從美國的勞拉那裡得到了這個消息。

I just know so many people applying to jobs right now.

我知道現在有很多人在申請工作。

And every company, not even tech anymore, the federal government, entertainment, media, consulting, finance, they're all laying off people.

每家公司，甚至不再是科技公司，聯邦政府、娛樂、媒體、諮詢、金融公司，都在裁員。

是以，每個行業都受到了影響。

And when more people are laid off, more people are looking for jobs, but there just aren't enough spots for everyone.

當更多的人失業時，就會有更多的人找工作，但卻沒有足夠的職位來滿足每個人的需求。

I think it's so tough for young people to find jobs right now because when companies are laying people off, they're usually laying off the most junior people, right?

我認為現在年輕人找工作太難了，因為當公司裁員時，通常都是裁掉最基層的員工，對嗎？

So they lay off the 20-somethings who just started working, right?

所以他們解僱了剛開始工作的 20 多歲年輕人，對嗎？

That's what happened to me when they laid off my team at Google.

這就是我在谷歌被裁員時的遭遇。

So everyone, basically everyone in their 20s got let go.

所以每個人，基本上每個 20 多歲的人都被解僱了。

I feel like most people I know have been impacted by layoffs at least once, if not twice, if not twice.

我覺得我認識的大多數人都至少受到過一次裁員的影響，如果不是兩次，也是兩次。

And here is Tiffany Lee, a recent graduate from New York.

這位是來自紐約的應屆畢業生蒂芙尼-李（Tiffany Lee）。

The company that I worked at, I worked at Apple when I was an intern last summer.

我工作過的公司，去年夏天我在蘋果公司實習時工作過。

They didn't have the headcount for a full-time employee.

And there are a lot less new grad opportunities.

而且，新畢業的學生機會也少了很多。

There used to be more specific new grad programs out there for seniors to apply to.

以前，高年級學生可以申請更多具體的新畢業項目。

Sometimes I'll feel more motivated and hopeful, especially if I've been interviewing or I'm in the later ends of an interview stage.

有時我會感到更有動力和希望，特別是如果我一直在面試，或者我處於面試階段的後期。

I'll start feeling more hopeful or imagining myself in this job already.

我會開始對這份工作充滿希望，或者想象自己已經在這份工作中了。

But other times, I'll be waking up in the middle of the night or I can't sleep and I'm just thinking about how much longer will I be kind of stuck in this limbo, I guess, between school and adulthood.

但其他時候，我會在半夜醒來，或者睡不著覺，我就在想，我還要在學校和成年之間徘徊多久。

So it is a little sad sometimes, but I think it helps that I'm not alone and there are a lot of other people going through the same thing.

是以，有時會有點難過，但我覺得這對我有幫助，因為我並不孤單，還有很多人在經歷同樣的事情。

And talking about what some of the big companies have said, I've seen things from Duolingo and Amazon talking about how AI is going to change the way they hire in the future.

談到一些大公司所說的話，我看到 Duolingo 和亞馬遜都在談論人工智能將如何改變他們未來的招聘方式。

What is the message being sent out from these big companies right now?

這些大公司現在發出的資訊是什麼？

So Amazon's CEO was pretty direct in a message he sent to employees back in June.

是以，亞馬遜首席執行官在今年 6 月發給員工的資訊中非常直接。

He basically said that generative AI is going to reduce the corporate workforce over the next few years quite significantly.

他基本上說，生成式人工智能將在未來幾年大幅減少企業勞動力。

And that doesn't mean they're not going to hire anyone new.

但這並不意味著他們不會招聘新人。

They're still going to bring in people to teams that are maybe a little bit more AI heavy, but they expect to need fewer humans in general.

他們仍然會為那些人工智能含量較高的團隊招募人員，但預計總體上需要的人力會減少。

And that's going to land on youngest staff the most, again, because they're doing these repetitive jobs.

最年輕的員工最容易受到影響，因為他們做的都是重複性的工作。

But the ones that need less judgment, less critical thinking, that's going to be replaced by AI.

但那些不需要太多判斷力和批判性思維的工作，將會被人工智能取代。

That's where they're going to want to save money.

At Duolingo, the CEO has said pretty much the same thing.

Duolingo 的首席執行官也說過同樣的話。

And not only that, but they're actually using AI as part of their evaluation process.

不僅如此，他們還將人工智能作為評估流程的一部分。

So they're looking at how their employees are using AI in their day-to-day to make themselves more efficient.

是以，他們正在研究員工如何在日常工作中使用人工智能來提高效率。

So it's not just enough to do your tasks well.

是以，僅僅做好本職工作是遠遠不夠的。

The company now wants you to prove that you're using AI and you're thinking about how to improve the work you're doing with AI tools.

公司現在希望你能證明你正在使用人工智能，而且你正在思考如何利用人工智能工具改進你的工作。

So before they approve new hires, managers are also going to have to convince, basically, the company why AI can't do it and why they need a human.

是以，在準許新員工之前，管理者基本上還必須說服公司，為什麼人工智能做不到，為什麼他們需要人類。

But AI is also changing the application process for people going for these jobs, both in terms of how the computers are now choosing, sorting through the CVs, sorting through tapes that people might send in.

但人工智能也在改變人們申請這些工作的流程，包括計算機現在如何選擇、整理履歷、整理人們可能寄來的錄音帶。

So actually choosing who might make it to interview, as well as people using AI to be able to write their CVs and applications and making it harder for them to stand out.

是以，實際上是在選擇誰有可能參加面試，以及人們使用人工智能來撰寫履歷和申請表，使他們更難脫穎而出。

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人工智能如何改變就業市場 - 英國廣播公司世界服務播客 What in the World (How AI is changing the job market - What in the World podcast, BBC World Service)

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