Name: 如何通過 6 個步驟選擇醫學專業 (How to Choose Your Medical Specialty in 6 Steps)
Uploaded: 2025-08-16T18:16:54.000Z
Duration: 10 min 35 s

In a future doctor's life, there are few decisions as important and nerve-wracking as choosing a specialty.

在未來醫生的人生中，很少有決定能像選擇專業一樣重要和令人緊張。

基礎被動語態

Your life as a resident and attending is dramatically influenced by this singular decision.

作為一名住院醫師和主治醫師，您的人生將受到這一特殊決定的巨大影響。

Dr. Jubbal, MedSchoolInsiders.com When most people think about specialty choice, they think about how much money they'll make and how long they'll have to train.

Jubbal 博士，MedSchoolInsiders.com 當大多數人考慮專業選擇時，他們會考慮能賺多少錢，要培訓多久。

But in this video, I'll cover the factors that actually matter when choosing the right specialty for you, including what so many medical students get wrong.

但在本視頻中，我將介紹在選擇適合自己的專業時，哪些因素才是真正重要的，包括很多醫學生都會犯的錯誤。

You don't want to end up burned out and miserable while your classmates find a specialty that excites them to go to work every day.

你可不想在你的同學們找到一個讓他們每天上班都很興奮的專業時，你卻已經精疲力竭、痛苦不堪。

Stick around to learn the one factor that almost everyone misses, including the majority of med students and residents.

請繼續閱讀，瞭解幾乎所有人都忽略的一個因素，包括大多數醫學生和住院醫生。

This is how you should go about choosing a medical specialty.

We know that the specialty you choose has significant immediate and long-term implications for your life.

我們知道，您所選擇的專業會對您的生活產生重大的直接和長遠影響。

We also know that most medical students change their minds during their four years in medical school.

我們還知道，大多數醫學生在醫學院的四年裡都會改變主意。

In fact, data from a 2024 survey conducted by the AAMC on medical student specialty choice revealed that over the course of medical school, only one-third of medical students keep their preferred specialty.

事實上，美國醫學會在 2024 年進行的一項關於醫學生專業選擇的調查數據顯示，在醫學院學習期間，只有三分之一的醫學生保留了自己的首選專業。

Of nearly 13,000 respondents, only 28% noted on the graduation questionnaire that they kept the same specialty preference as they had indicated on the matriculating student questionnaire they completed when entering medical school. 52% reported a different specialty, and the remaining 20% noted they were undecided or gave no response on their MSQ.

在近 13,000 名受訪者中，只有 28% 的人在畢業調查問卷中表示，他們的專業偏好與他們在醫學院入學時填寫的預科生調查問卷中表示的相同。52% 的受訪者表示選擇了不同的專業，其餘 20% 的受訪者表示尚未決定或在 MSQ 上沒有給出答覆。

And I can identify with these statistics.

I initially started medical school wanting to go into pediatric gastroenterology because of my own chronic illness, but ultimately switched to plastic surgery after discovering that it was a better fit.

因為自己患有慢性疾病，我最初在醫學院時想從事小兒腸胃病學，但最終發現整形外科更適合自己，於是改行做了整形外科。

I cover that journey and the process that led me to my decision over on the Kevin Jubbal, MD channel, link in the description below.

我在 Kevin Jubbal, MD 頻道上介紹了我的心路歷程，以及促使我做出決定的過程，鏈接在下面的描述中。

So where do we go from here, and how can we create a system to decide on the best suited specialty for ourselves?

那麼，我們該何去何從，又該如何創建一個系統來決定最適合自己的專業呢？

Most commonly, people refer to compensation as a significant factor to help sway their decision.

最常見的情況是，人們將賠償作為一個重要因素，以幫助他們做出決定。

I don't blame them, particularly when med students graduate with an average of $260,000 in debt.

我不怪他們，尤其是當醫學院學生畢業時平均負債 26 萬美元。

While compensation is a factor, I'd argue that most physicians are quite comfortable, and compensation differences between specialties are far less important than other factors in helping you lead a happy and fulfilling life.

雖然報酬是一個因素，但我認為大多數醫生的生活都相當舒適，而且不同專業之間的報酬差異遠不如其他因素重要，因為其他因素可以幫助你過上幸福美滿的生活。

Compensation should not be a primary or even secondary factor in making your decision.

在做出決定時，報酬不應是主要因素，甚至不應是次要因素。

Other, more crucial factors to consider include what type of relationship and interactions you want to have with your patients, the work-life balance you desire, how much or little you enjoy performing procedures, the types of patients you generally work with, and who your colleagues will be.

其他更重要的考慮因素包括：你希望與病人建立什麼樣的關係和互動、你希望在工作和生活之間取得怎樣的平衡、你有多喜歡或少喜歡做手術、你一般與哪類病人打交道以及你的同事是誰。

Does the specialty excite and captivate you?

該專業是否讓你感到興奮和著迷？

Can you imagine doing this for the rest of your life?

你能想象你的餘生都在做這件事嗎？

Oftentimes, medical students fixate on rare cases or procedures that are particularly exciting in a given field.

通常情況下，醫科學生會專注於某個領域中特別令人興奮的罕見病例或手術。

However, it's essential to understand that these zebra cases are few and far between.

不過，我們必須明白，這些斑馬線案例是極少數。

It's more important to determine whether or not doing the bread and butter cases, meaning the things you are more likely to see day after day, is something you can live with.

更重要的是，要確定自己是否能接受做那些 "麵包和黃油 "案件，也就是那些你更有可能日復一日看到的案件。

But knowing how important the decision is doesn't make it any easier.

但是，知道了這個決定有多麼重要，也不會讓它變得更容易。

The following six steps will give you a systematic approach to determining which specialty or group of specialties best fit your skills, preferences, and future career goals.

以下六個步驟將為您提供一個系統的方法，幫助您確定哪個專業或哪一組專業最適合您的技能、偏好和未來的職業目標。

While this isn't the most important factor on our list, it can still play a key role in your interests and the practicality of matching into that specialty.

雖然這不是我們列表中最重要的因素，但它仍然會對您的興趣以及與該專業匹配的實用性起到關鍵作用。

Most skills can be learned, but there's also benefit to playing to your strengths.

大多數技能是可以學習的，但發揮自己的長處也有好處。

On average, we enjoy things we're good at.

平均而言，我們喜歡自己擅長的事情。

If you're a klutz and particularly uncoordinated, then procedure-focused specialties may not be a good fit.

如果你笨手笨腳，特別不協調，那麼注重程序的專業可能不太適合你。

Next, consider the competitiveness of a specialty.

If you're barely managing to get by in medical school, then the chances of you matching into something like neurosurgery or dermatology will be relatively slim.

如果你在醫學院勉強度日，那麼你進入神經外科或皮膚科等專業的機會就會相對較小。

That said, I'm a firm believer that your study strategies, habits, and systems dictate the majority of your performance in college or medical school.

儘管如此，我堅信，你的學習策略、習慣和系統決定了你在大學或醫學院的大部分成績。

If you're struggling, check out our study strategies playlist, which is filled with tactics and tools for succeeding in college and medical school.

如果您正在苦苦掙扎，請查看我們的學習策略播放列表，裡面有很多在大學和醫學院取得成功的策略和工具。

But you don't have to wait to find out if your current stats are competitive.

但是，您不必等到發現自己當前的統計數據是否具有競爭力時才知道。

SpecialtyPredictor.com shows you exactly where you stand compared to medical students who matched into your desired specialty.

SpecialtyPredictor.com可以準確地顯示您與符合您所需專業的醫學生相比所處的位置。

The prediction algorithm leverages the latest official match data to accurately predict your percentage odds of matching into that specialty.

預測算法利用最新的官方匹配數據，準確預測您匹配到該專業的機率。

It will even identify your relative weaknesses compared to the average person in that specialty, providing personal insights that will help you prepare before it's too late.

它甚至會找出你與該專業普通人相比的相對弱點，提供個人見解，幫助你未雨綢繆。

See how your stats stack up for the specialties you're most interested in.

查看您最感興趣的專業的統計結果。

And it's not just for med students approaching residency applications.

這不僅適用於即將申請住院醫生的醫學生。

The advanced prediction algorithm converts pre-med stats to help you understand if you're on the right track.

先進的預測算法可轉換醫學預科統計數據，幫助您瞭解自己是否走在正確的道路上。

Unlock your competitiveness at SpecialtyPredictor.com.

在 SpecialtyPredictor.com 釋放您的競爭力。

Next, assuming you want to have direct patient care, determine whether you'd like a primarily surgical practice, where the operating room is the focus of your day-to-day, or a primarily medical practice where procedures are relatively rare.

接下來，假定您想直接護理病人，請確定您是想主要從事外科手術（手術室是您日常工作的重點），還是主要從事內科手術（手術相對較少）。

Surgical specialty examples include general surgery, plastic surgery, orthopedic surgery, vascular surgery, and neurosurgery.

外科專科包括普通外科、整形外科、矯形外科、血管外科和神經外科。

Non-surgical specialties include internal medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, neurology, family medicine, and emergency medicine.

非手術專科包括內科、兒科、精神科、神經科、家庭醫學和急診醫學。

On average, these specialties emphasize patient relationships and clinical reasoning, but will often require a high degree of patience.

平均而言，這些專業強調病人關係和臨床推理，但往往需要高度的耐心。

You can also opt for a middle ground like urology, dermatology, OB-GYN, or anesthesia that allows for a mix of both.

您也可以選擇泌尿科、皮膚科、婦產科或麻醉科等中間科室，這樣就可以同時兼顧這兩個科室。

While our day-in-the-life and so-you-want-to-be series are helpful, the only way to truly determine your preference is to expose yourself to various different specialties through clerkships and clinical extracurriculars.

雖然我們的 "一天的生活 "和 "你想成為什麼樣的人 "系列報道很有幫助，但要真正確定自己的偏好，唯一的方法就是通過實習和臨床課外活動接觸各種不同的專業。

I didn't know plastic surgery was for me until I actually experienced it firsthand.

直到我親身經歷了整形手術，我才知道整形手術適合我。

I quickly realized I wanted to be part of a procedure-focused specialty.

我很快就意識到，我想成為以手術為重點的專科的一員。

I've always enjoyed precision, symmetry, and working with my hands even when I was younger, whether it was drawing, sculpting, or building model cars, so plastic surgery was a natural fit.

我從小就喜歡精確、對稱和用手工作，無論是畫畫、雕刻還是製作汽車模型，所以整形手術自然而然就成了我的夢想。

Even today, after being away from plastic surgery for more than seven years, it's what I miss most.

即使在離開整形外科七年多後的今天，這仍是我最懷念的東西。

It's those connections to your passions and interests that help you find that ideal specialty for you.

正是這些與你的激情和興趣的聯繫，幫助你找到了適合你的理想專業。

Next, assuming you plan to practice clinically, do you want direct patient care or indirect patient care?

接下來，假設您打算從事臨床實踐，您希望直接護理病人還是間接護理病人？

For example, radiology and pathology involve little patient interaction compared to direct patient care specialties, which is essentially everything else.

例如，放射學和病理學與病人直接護理專業相比，與病人的互動很少，而病人直接護理專業基本上就是其他所有專業。

But each has different degrees of patient interaction as well as different relationships with patients.

但各自與病人互動的程度不同，與病人的關係也不同。

Determine the level of patient contact and continuity you prefer.

確定您喜歡的病人接觸程度和連續性。

Do you enjoy talking to patients and forming long-term relationships?

您喜歡與病人交談並建立長期關係嗎？

If so, psychiatry, pediatrics, or family medicine provides ample opportunity.

如果是這樣，精神科、兒科或家庭醫學科提供了充足的機會。

Or do you prefer brief and efficient patient interactions?

還是您更喜歡簡短高效的患者互動？

Emergency medicine, anesthesiology, and many surgical specialties are better suited for this preference.

急診醫學、麻醉學和許多外科專業更適合這種偏好。

Next, how important is work-life balance?

其次，工作與生活的平衡有多重要？

When I first started medical school, I remember thinking that work-life balance wasn't important.

剛上醫學院時，我記得自己認為工作與生活的平衡並不重要。

This is a common sentiment amongst pre-med and medical students.

這是醫學預科生和醫科學生的共同心聲。

However, by the time you reach the end of medical school and have been put through the ringer, you begin to realize how important lifestyle is.

然而，當你完成醫學院的學業並歷經磨難時，你就會開始意識到生活方式是多麼重要。

It's easy to simply correlate challenging or unpredictable work hours with higher rates of burnout, but it's more complicated than that.

簡單地把具有挑戰性或不可預測的工作時間與較高的職業倦怠率聯繫起來很容易，但情況比這更復雜。

On average, surgical specialties have much more challenging hours than non-surgical specialties, but the burnout rates are not necessarily higher in surgical specialties.

平均而言，外科專業的工作時間比非外科專業更具挑戰性，但外科專業的職業倦怠率並不一定更高。

The highest rates of burnout are found in emergency medicine at 63%, ob-gyn and oncology at 53%, and pediatrics and family medicine at 51%.

職業倦怠率最高的是急診科（63%）、婦產科和腫瘤科（53%）以及兒科和家庭醫學科（51%）。

The lowest rates of burnout are found in plastic surgery at 37%, psychiatry and ophthalmology at 39%, pathology at 41%, and otolaryngology at 43%.

職業倦怠率最低的是整形外科（37%）、精神科和眼科（39%）、病理科（41%）和耳鼻喉科（43%）。

Factors that contribute most to burnout include too many bureaucratic tasks, such as charting and paperwork, spending too many hours at work, and increasing computerization of clinical practice.

導致職業倦怠的最主要因素包括過多的官僚任務，如製表和文書工作，工作時間過長，以及臨床實踐日益電腦化。

We cover specialty burnout in greater detail in previous videos linked in the description.

我們在描述中鏈接的以前的視頻中更詳細地介紹了專業倦怠。

Lastly, an often understated yet essential factor is determining the type of patients and the outcomes you are most comfortable with.

最後，一個經常被低估但又至關重要的因素是，確定您最樂於接受的病人類型和結果。

During my surgical rotations, I was drawn to neurosurgery, thanks to my interest in anatomy and my degree in neuroscience.

在外科輪轉期間，我被神經外科吸引，這要歸功於我對解剖學的興趣和我的神經科學學位。

However, the surprising crudeness in neurosurgery, and more importantly, the poor outcomes for neurosurgery patients, turned me off from the specialty.

然而，神經外科令人驚訝的粗糙，更重要的是，神經外科病人的治療效果不佳，讓我對這個專業望而卻步。

Consider the typical patients you will encounter in your specialty of choice.

考慮您在所選專業中會遇到的典型病人。

The types of patients and interactions emergency medicine physicians face on a daily basis are far different from what the average pediatrician or orthopedic surgeon faces.

急診科醫生每天面對的病人類型和互動方式與普通兒科醫生或骨科醫生大相徑庭。

How comfortable are you giving devastating news to patients and their families?

您在向患者及其家屬透露災難性消息時有多從容？

Will you be able to spend the greater portion of your life working with terminal patients who live with debilitating and chronic illnesses, for example, pediatric neurology or oncology?

您是否能在一生中的大部分時間裡為患有衰弱和慢性疾病的晚期病人工作，例如兒科神經學或腫瘤學？

On the flip side, specialties like plastic surgery and dermatology involve fewer emergencies and life or death situations.

另一方面，整形外科和皮膚科等專科涉及的緊急情況和生死攸關的情況較少。

Don't just think about what you can handle one day or one week at a time.

不要只想著自己一天或一週能做什麼。

Consider all of the long term impacts a specialty can have on your life.

考慮專業對您生活的長期影響。

Prior to pulling the trigger and committing to a career path, it's essential that you get clinical exposure.

在選擇職業道路之前，接觸臨床是至關重要的。

If it weren't for gaining clinical experience, I wouldn't have realized that pediatric gastroenterology wasn't a good fit for me.

如果不是為了積累臨床經驗，我不會意識到小兒腸胃病學並不適合我。

Your pediatric rotations will quickly tell you whether or not you're cut out for working with sick children and their stressed out parents.

兒科輪轉很快就會告訴你，你是否適合與生病的孩子和他們精神緊張的父母一起工作。

On the GI side, I found the specialty lacked procedural depth and variety.

在大兵方面，我發現專業缺乏程序深度和多樣性。

The scope is not nearly as technically challenging, interesting, or varied as surgery.

其工作範圍在技術上的挑戰性、趣味性和多樣性遠不及外科手術。

Shadow attending physicians in your areas of interest as much as possible.

儘可能多地跟隨你感興趣領域的主治醫生。

Our Day in the Life and So You Want to Be series are also a great way to gain exposure and insight to different specialties.

我們的 "生活中的一天 "和 "你想成為這樣的人 "系列也是接觸和了解不同專業的好方法。

And don't forget to check out the free Specialty Chance Predictor to find out how your stats stack up for your top choice specialties at specialtypredictor.com.

別忘了查看免費的 "專業機會預測器"（Specialty Chance Predictor），在 Specialtypredictor.com 上了解您所選專業的統計數據。

字幕列表影片播放

如何通過 6 個步驟選擇醫學專業 (How to Choose Your Medical Specialty in 6 Steps)

chronic

assume

significant

essential