Name: 海獺是色盲嗎？海洋生物學家解釋！ (Are Sea Otters Colorblind? A Marine Biologist EXPLAINS!)
Uploaded: 2025-08-12T17:39:38.000Z
Duration: 11 min 9 s

副詞型分詞構句

I'm your host, KP, a marine biologist with over a decade's worth of experience working with marine mammals.

我是主持人 KP，海洋生物學家，擁有十多年與海洋哺乳動物打交道的經驗。

Recently on this channel, we took a look at how I trained Joey, the famous sea otter, how to spin.

最近，我們在這個頻道上看到了我是如何訓練著名的海獺喬伊旋轉的。

Many of my followers here and over on my Twitch channel happen to notice though that the target pole I use to guide Joey through that behavior is the color red.

不過，我在這裡和 Twitch 頻道上的許多追隨者都注意到，我用來引導喬伊完成這一行為的目標杆是紅色的。

Our uniforms are red, some of Joey's favorite toys are red.

我們的校服是紅色的，喬伊最喜歡的一些玩具也是紅色的。

That's led a lot of people to ask, is there a reason that we use red?

這讓很多人問，我們使用紅色有什麼原因嗎？

Do sea otters have a certain affinity for the color red?

What do you possibly have to complain about?

This has led to a new series on our deeper dive into animal senses, and we're going to start with eyesight.

由此，我們開始了深入研究動物感官的新系列，我們將從視力開始。

But first, of course, your obligatory reminder to like this video and hit that subscribe button.

當然，首先要提醒您喜歡這段視頻，並點擊訂閱按鈕。

Hit the bell to be notified when we go live.

點擊鈴聲，即可在我們上線時收到通知。

You can also head down to the descriptions below for sources that we cite from our research.

您還可以在下面的說明中查看我們在研究中引用的資料來源。

Now the topic of eyesight actually covers a lot more than just color.

現在，關於視力的話題實際上涵蓋了比顏色更多的內容。

There's a lot to unpack here, but we'll start with color because it's a very popular question.

這裡有很多東西需要解讀，但我們還是從顏色開始，因為這是一個非常熱門的問題。

Do the sea otters recognize the trainers because we wear the color red?

海獺會因為我們穿紅色衣服而認出馴獸師嗎？

It's actually no, because sea otters are red, green, colorblind.

其實不是的，因為海獺是紅綠色盲。

So let's take a look at that famous clip of Joey screaming in my face.

讓我們來看看喬伊在我面前尖叫的著名片段。

And we'll look at it from the eyes of a sea otter.

我們將以海獺的視角來看待它。

This is actually more color than most marine mammals can see seals, sea lions, walruses.

實際上，這比大多數海洋哺乳動物能看到的海豹、海獅和海象的顏色還要多。

They all basically only see in shades of blues and greens.

他們基本上只能看到藍色和綠色。

Watch how we color grade this video to show how fur seals view their environment.

觀看我們如何對這段視頻進行色彩分級，以展示海狗是如何觀察周圍環境的。

There's a very good reason for this, and it's actually the answer to a popular question.

這是有充分理由的，實際上也是對一個流行問題的回答。

Water is about 800 times denser than air, which means that it absorbs light very quickly.

水的密度大約是空氣的 800 倍，這意味著它吸收光線的速度非常快。

However, the rate at which it absorbs the light actually depends on the different wavelengths.

不過，它吸收光線的速度實際上取決於不同的波長。

Colors with longer wavelengths or lower energy are absorbed much faster than those of shorter wavelengths and higher energy.

波長較長或能量較低的顏色比波長較短或能量較高的顏色吸收得快得多。

The wavelength of light gets shorter and more energetic the further down the rainbow that we go.

光的波長越短，能量越強，彩虹越往下。

The first letter is R, representing red, meaning that red disappears first in the water.

第一個字母是 R，代表紅色，意思是紅色在水中最先消失。

In fact, in depths as shallow as 15 feet, red can completely disappear.

事實上，在淺至 15 英尺的水下，紅色可以完全消失。

The next color to go is orange, which fades at about 25 feet and is closely followed by yellow, which disappears at 35 feet.

下一個消失的顏色是橙色，在大約 25 英尺處消失，緊隨其後的是黃色，在 35 英尺處消失。

Purple and blue have the shortest wavelengths, thus the most energy.

紫色和藍色的波長最短，是以能量最大。

So they are the last to fade out at around 110 feet.

是以，它們在 110 英尺左右最後消失。

There is some variation depending on how cold, clear, or murky the water is, but this is essentially why the ocean is blue.

根據海水的寒冷、清澈或渾濁程度會有一些變化，但這就是海洋呈藍色的根本原因。

The water is filting out all those warmer red and orangey tones and leaving behind the cool blues, greens, and purples.

水過濾掉了所有暖色調的紅色和橙色，留下了冷色調的藍色、綠色和紫色。

It's also why the majority of marine mammals are colorblind.

這也是為什麼大多數海洋哺乳動物都是色盲的原因。

In one of my favorite deeper dives, we took a look at just how deep some marine mammal species can dive.

在我最喜歡的一次深潛中，我們看到了一些海洋哺乳動物的潛水深度。

And we learned that sea otters can actually dive as deep as 85 feet and routinely depths of 20 and 30 feet are recorded.

我們還了解到，海獺實際上可以潛入 85 英尺深的水下，而根據記錄，海獺經常潛入 20 和 30 英尺深的水下。

This means they honestly have little to no use for the color red and that's why they don't dive as deep as other marine mammals do.

這意味著它們對紅色幾乎沒有興趣，這也是它們不像其他海洋哺乳動物那樣潛得那麼深的原因。

In that same video, which you can see if you click on the link right up here, we also learned that seals, sea lions, and walruses often dive to hundreds, if not thousands of feet deep, meaning that the only colors they really need to see are different shades of blue.

在同一段視頻中，我們還了解到，海豹、海獅和海象經常潛到幾百甚至幾千英尺深的海底，這意味著它們真正需要看到的顏色只是深淺不同的藍色。

Earlier though, I mentioned that color is only one aspect of sight.

不過，我剛才提到，顏色只是視覺的一個方面。

You might be surprised to learn that sea otters and other marine mammals are actually near-sighted when they are above water.

您可能會驚訝地發現，海獺和其他海洋哺乳動物在水面上時其實是近視眼。

On land, sea otters see about seven times less clear than a human with 20-20 vision.

在陸地上，海獺的視力要比擁有 20-20 視力的人類低七倍。

So if you need corrective lenses, like I do, and your prescription is somewhere between minus two and minus three, then without glasses, you see a bit like a sea otter.

是以，如果你像我一樣需要矯正眼鏡，而你的度數在負 2 到負 3 之間，那麼不戴眼鏡，你看到的東西就有點像海獺。

The same is true for seals, sea lions, and walruses.

But just like with color, there's actually a good reason for this near-sightedness above water.

不過，就像色彩一樣，這種水上近視其實也是有原因的。

Because underwater, it's a completely different story.

Water itself almost acts like a corrective lens.

水本身幾乎就像一個矯正透鏡。

That's because water refracts light in a different way than air does.

這是因為水折射光線的方式與空氣不同。

In fact, objects underwater appear 25% closer and 33% larger than they actually are.

事實上，水下物體看起來比實際距離近 25%，比實際尺寸大 33%。

In addition, there's little use for farsightedness underwater because the range of vision there is very limited.

此外，遠視在水下幾乎沒有用武之地，因為水下的視力範圍非常有限。

In fact, even in extremely clear water, the range of vision is still limited to only a couple hundred feet.

事實上，即使是在極其清澈的水中，視線範圍也只限於幾百英尺。

So being near-sighted is actually a bit of an advantage for animals like sea otters.

是以，對於海獺這樣的動物來說，近視其實是一種優勢。

Furthermore, sea otters have an ability that borders on a superpower.

此外，海獺還有一種近乎超能力的能力。

And it's found in most animals, including humans.

它存在於包括人類在內的大多數動物體內。

Accommodation is the process that changes the eye's optical power to maintain clear focus on an object as it varies in distance.

屈光不正是指當物體的距離發生變化時，眼睛的視力會發生變化，以保持對物體的清晰聚焦。

A flatter lens helps focus on an object further away, while a rounder lens helps focus on an object that is closer.

較平的鏡片有助於聚焦較遠的物體，而較圓的鏡片則有助於聚焦較近的物體。

Sea otters have one of the highest accommodations measured in vertebrates.

海獺是脊椎動物中適應能力最強的動物之一。

It is significantly more powerful than humans.

In fact, only freshwater otters and diving birds like cormorants have a higher level of accommodation.

事實上，只有淡水水獺和鸕鶿等潛水鳥類的膳宿水準更高。

And what it does for sea otters is it compensates for the way that light bends differently underwater.

它對海獺的作用是補償光線在水下不同的彎曲方式。

It allows light to properly reach the retina, enabling a clearer image.

它能讓光線正確到達視網膜，使影像更加清晰。

This can be a little tricky to visualize, so let me paint a picture.

這可能有點難以想象，讓我來描繪一下。

Have you ever tried to open your eyes underwater?

It's pretty blurry if you're not wearing swim goggles.

Well, by squeezing their lenses through their pupils into a more rounded shape, sea otters essentially create built-in swim goggles, allowing them to see clearly while underwater.

海獺通過將瞳孔中的鏡片擠壓成更圓的形狀，從根本上創造了內置泳鏡，使它們在水下也能看得清楚。

We'll come back to sea otters in a moment, but for a second I want to talk about seals and sea lions who have a very similar adaptation that allows them to see underwater.

海獺的情況我們一會兒再談，但現在我想先談談海豹和海獅，它們有一種非常相似的適應能力，可以看到水下的情況。

Specifically, I want to talk about fur seals.

People are often surprised to learn that fur seals like Tuku here are nearsighted and colorblind, even with these enormous and beautiful eyes.

人們常常驚訝地發現，像圖庫這樣的海狗，即使有一雙巨大而美麗的眼睛，也是近視眼和色盲。

But just like sea otters, they're perfectly adapted for life underwater.

但就像海獺一樣，它們完全適應水下生活。

Fur seals routinely dive to depths of 300 to 400 feet, meaning there is little to no light down there.

海狗通常會潛入 300 到 400 英尺深的海底，這意味著海底幾乎沒有光線。

So their eyes contain a high number of rod cells.

是以，它們的眼睛中含有大量的桿狀細胞。

These are sensitive to black, white, and gray pigment levels and very low levels of light.

它們對黑色、白色和灰色色素水準以及極弱的光線都很敏感。

In Dungeons and Dragons terms, they have dark vision.

用《龍與地下城》的術語來說，他們擁有黑暗視覺。

In addition, their lenses are large, round, and perfectly adapted for picking up refracted light underwater.

此外，它們的鏡片又大又圓，非常適合在水下捕捉折射光。

While their eyesight is perfectly adapted for foraging and navigating their underwater world, especially when you consider their short, stubby arms and how their food is fixed to the ocean floor, they primarily rely on a completely different sense when underwater, and it has to do with their whiskers, which will be the topic of our next deeper dive.

雖然它們的視力非常適合在水下世界覓食和導航，尤其是考慮到它們短小精悍的手臂以及食物是如何固定在海底的，但它們在水下主要依靠一種完全不同的感官，那就是它們的鬍鬚，這將是我們下一次深入潛水的主題。

And in case you missed our joey training video or you just want to watch it again, you can click on the card that's going to show up on this side at the end of the video.

如果你錯過了我們的奇異鳥訓練視頻，或者只是想再看一遍，你可以點擊視頻結束時顯示在這邊的卡片。

In the next video, we're going to talk about In the meantime, let me know if you have questions in the comment section down below.

同時，如果您有任何問題，請在下面的評論區告訴我。

Maybe I'll even answer them in a short video or two.

也許我還會在一兩個視頻短片中回答他們的問題。

Don't forget to like, subscribe, so you'll be notified when our videos go live.

別忘了點贊和訂閱，這樣我們的視頻上線時您就會收到通知。

But for now, enjoy these clips of the sea otters while I thank my Patreons, and I'll catch you next time.

但現在，在我感謝我的贊助商的同時，請欣賞這些海獺的片段，我們下次再見。

I don't know that I can say it without saying earlier dough.

我不知道我能不能不說之前的麵糰。