Welcome to this informative video on the diffraction of light.

歡迎觀看這段關於光的衍射的視頻。

In this presentation, we'll delve into the phenomenon of light diffraction, its wave-like characteristics, and the two main types of diffraction.

在本講座中，我們將深入探討光的衍射現象、光的波狀特性以及兩種主要的衍射類型。

When light waves encounter an obstacle or pass through a narrow opening, the light waves bend around the edges of the obstacle or opening and spread out, this phenomenon is called diffraction.

當光波遇到障礙物或通過狹窄的開口時，光波會在障礙物或開口的邊緣彎曲並擴散開來，這種現象稱為衍射。

Diffraction can be observed with all types of waves, including sound waves, water waves, and electromagnetic waves such as light.

所有類型的波，包括聲波、水波和光等電磁波，都可以觀察到衍射現象。

Diffraction of light demonstrates the wave-like properties of light.

光的衍射顯示了光的波狀特性。

When light waves encounter an obstacle or slit, which is comparable in size to the wavelength of the light, the light waves bend around the edges of the obstacle, creating a pattern of alternating dark and bright regions known as diffraction patterns.

當光波遇到與光波長大小相當的障礙物或狹縫時，光波會在障礙物的邊緣彎曲，從而形成一種暗區和亮區交替出現的圖案，即衍射圖案。

According to the Huygens-Fresnel principle, every point on a wavefront acts as a secondary source of waves.

根據惠更斯-菲涅爾原理，波陣面上的每一點都是二次波源。

These waves from different parts of the opening interfere and produce the diffraction pattern on the screen.

這些來自開口不同部位的波發生干涉，在螢幕上產生衍射圖案。

This pattern indicates that light is behaving as a wave.

這種模式表明，光的行為是一種波。

interfering constructively at some points and destructively at others.

在某些方面會產生建設性的干擾，而在另一些方面則會產生破壞性的干擾。

The bright bands are regions of constructive interference, where the crests of the waves meet the crests of the other waves, which means that the waves are in phase and add together to create a larger wave.

亮帶是建設性干涉的區域，波峰與其他波峰相遇，這意味著這些波相位一致，相加後形成更大的波。

For destructive interference to occur, the waves must be out of phase by 180 degrees.

要發生破壞性干擾，波的相位必須相差 180 度。

This means that the crests of the waves must meet the troughs of the other waves.

這意味著波峰必須與其他波谷相遇。

The amount of diffraction depends on the relative size of the wavelength of light to the size of the opening.

衍射量取決於光波長與開口尺寸的相對大小。

If the size of the opening is much larger than the wavelength of light, the diffraction will be almost unnoticeable.

如果開口的大小遠大於光的波長，衍射幾乎不會被察覺。

However, if the opening is comparable in size to the wavelength of light, diffraction will be significant.

但是，如果開口的大小與光的波長相當，衍射就會很明顯。

The smaller the size of aperture or obstacle and the longer the wavelength, greater will be the diffraction.

孔徑或障礙物越小，波長越長，衍射就越大。

The greater the size of aperture and the shorter the wavelength, lesser will be the diffraction.

孔徑越大，波長越短，衍射就越小。

There are two types of diffraction, Fresnel and Fraunhofer.

衍射有兩種類型：菲涅爾衍射和弗勞恩霍夫衍射。

In Fresnel diffraction, the light source and the screen are relatively close to the obstacle.

在菲涅爾衍射中，光源和螢幕相對靠近障礙物。

This proximity results in complex diffraction patterns.

這種接近會產生複雜的衍射圖樣。

On the contrary, Fraunhofer diffraction occurs when the source and the screen are at larger distances from the obstacle.

相反，當光源和螢幕與障礙物的距離較大時，就會發生弗勞恩霍夫衍射。

Fraunhofer diffraction patterns are simpler and easier to calculate mathematically, making them valuable for various applications.

弗勞恩霍夫衍射圖樣更簡單，更易於數學計算，是以在各種應用中都很有價值。

We hope this video has provided valuable insights into the intricate world of diffraction of light.

我們希望這段視頻能為我們瞭解光的衍射這一錯綜複雜的世界提供有價值的啟示。

衍射 | 菲涅爾和弗勞恩霍夫衍射 | 菲涅爾衍射 | 光的衍射 (Diffraction | Fresnel and Fraunhofer Diffraction | Fresnel Diffraction | Diffraction of light)

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