This counterintuitive twist on justice, where heroes are treated like villains, targets the cooperative and altruistic, creating an environment where generosity and selflessness are discouraged.

這種對正義的反直覺扭曲，讓英雄被當作惡棍對待，將矛頭指向合作和利他主義者，創造了一種不鼓勵慷慨和無私的環境。

It often happens for five reasons.

出現這種情況往往有五個原因。

Social norms define the type of behavior that is accepted in society and that which is not.

社會規範界定了社會接受和不接受的行為類型。

Those who deviate too much from these norms, even if they are just trying to help, end up being disliked.

那些過於偏離這些規範的人，即使只是想幫忙，最終也會遭到厭惡。

This is because we tend to see those who conform as safe and those who don't as potentially dangerous.

這是因為我們傾向於認為那些符合要求的人是安全的，而那些不符合要求的人則可能是危險的。

Misinterpretation of intentions can occur when we learn through experience that people who appear nice often end up hurting us, for example through scams or betrayal.

當我們從經驗中瞭解到，表面上和藹可親的人最終往往會傷害我們，例如通過詐騙或背叛，就會對他人的意圖產生誤解。

And so, as a response, we may distrust those who exhibit an unusual level of generosity.

是以，作為迴應，我們可能會不信任那些表現出不同尋常的慷慨的人。

Then there is the desire for status.

然後是對地位的渴望。

If someone is virtuous and kind, they may indirectly aim to increase their status.

如果一個人品德高尚、心地善良，他可能會間接地提高自己的地位。

In groups, this tends to happen at the expense of others, especially those who seem to be more selfish.

在群體中，這種情況往往以犧牲他人利益為代價，尤其是那些看起來更自私的人。

And so antisocial punishment becomes a strategy to sabotage the altruists and advance oneself.

於是，反社會的懲罰就成了一種破壞利他主義者、提升自己的策略。

Then there is the threatened self-image.

然後是自我形象受到威脅。

We tend to see ourselves in the best possible light, but when someone around us acts unusually generous, this self-image is threatened and we may become resentful.

我們傾向於以最好的一面看待自己，但當身邊的人表現得異常慷慨時，這種自我形象就會受到威脅，我們可能會產生怨恨。

For example, when people who eat meat discredit vegetarians, it may stem from their perception of being judged, even without any interaction.

例如，當吃肉的人詆譭素食者時，這可能源於他們認為自己受到了評判，即使沒有任何互動。

Lastly, we have an inherent need for reciprocity.

最後，我們天生需要互惠。

Being on the receiving end of altruism can create feelings of shame and guilt that we then project onto those who were helpful, which is why well-meaning therapists who offer their services free of charge may see their patients leave unhappy, while those who charge at least a token fee can build successful long-term relationships.

作為利他主義的受惠者，我們會產生羞愧和內疚的感覺，然後將這種感覺投射到那些提供幫助的人身上，這就是為什麼那些免費提供服務的善意治療師可能會看到他們的病人不開心地離開，而那些至少收取象徵性費用的治療師卻能建立成功的長期關係。

A study published in Science in 2008 observed antisocial punishment in 15 countries.

2008 年發表在《科學》雜誌上的一項研究觀察了 15 個國家的反社會懲罰情況。

Results showed that antisocial punishment is stronger in cultures where selfishness is encouraged, in places with high social inequality, and where governments exhibit higher levels of corruption.

結果表明，在鼓勵自私的文化、社會不平等嚴重的地方以及政府腐敗程度較高的地方，反社會懲罰的力度更大。

Now, even if it may be in our instinct to punish the altruists, the collective impact of the phenomenon can create a culture of mediocrity, suppress innovation, and ultimately harm the collective well-being.

現在，即使懲罰利他主義者可能是我們的本能，但這種現象的集體影響會造成平庸文化，抑制創新，最終損害集體福祉。

What are your thoughts?

你有什麼想法？

Have you ever been a victim of your good deeds or felt the urge to punish someone who tries to be a better human being?

你是否曾經因為自己的善行而成為受害者，或者曾有過懲罰那些試圖成為更好的人的人的衝動？

Share your experience in the comments below.

請在下面的評論中分享您的經驗。

We relentlessly researched education for the past decade, read plenty of peer-reviewed papers, visited all sorts of schools, created hundreds of videos on the topic, and even set up our very own kindergarten for project-based learning, and now we also made a book!

在過去的十年裡，我們堅持不懈地研究教育，閱讀了大量同行評議的論文，參觀了各種學校，製作了數百部相關視頻，甚至建立了自己的幼兒園，開展基於項目的學習，現在我們還出了一本書！

The OnSchoolers Educational Dictionary covers everything we know about learning, unveils the unintended consequences of compulsory education, and includes a complete guide to the alternative school movement.

OnSchoolers 教育詞典》涵蓋了我們對學習的所有認識，揭示了義務教育的意外後果，還包括另類學校運動的完整指南。

Order your copy now!

現在就訂購吧

Just visit your favorite bookshop or check the links in the description below.

請訪問您喜愛的書店或查看下面描述中的鏈接。

If you found this helpful, check out our other videos, join us on YouTube or on Patreon.com slash Sprouts.

如果您覺得這對您有幫助，請查看我們的其他視頻，在 YouTube 或 Patreon.com slash Sprouts 上加入我們。

For more information, classroom exercises, or videos without background music, visit SproutSchools.com.

如需瞭解更多資訊、課堂練習或無背景音樂的視頻，請訪問 SproutSchools.com。

Published under Creative Commons.

在創作共用協議下發布。