每日口說挑戰為什麼做錯事對科學有好處？ (Why getting things wrong is good for science | BBC Ideas)

Jenny's transcript!
Intro:
Hi guys, today’s subject is science-related. Did you know that the Earth was flat? Or at least that was the common agreement between all scientists until around 2300 years ago when the Greeks managed to establish the round shape of our planet. Also, it was only around 350 years ago when a Polish scientist named Copernicus discovered that the Earth actually revolves around the sun. Until then, people had believed it was the other way around. It was very hard to change people’s views but after a long process, people got convinced. And this is the principle that all science is based on even today – everything we know is only true until it is proven to be wrong. If someone can use scientific subjective tools to prove something wrong, then that should be received as the new true fact. Getting things wrong is not all bad for science, because when a scientist makes a discovery – it is usually based on observation of data. They then analyze their observations and come to a conclusion to form a theory. If no one else can disprove their theory then it stands and is accepted as true and real. No one can insist on being right if the data and the conclusion of their research are flawed. Scientists may feel disappointed when their theories are proven inaccurate, but without them being the first ones to have come up with these scientific theories, we might not have gotten to where we are today.

I think the video is really interesting so I hope you’ll find time to watch it sometime.

Now let’s take a look at our featured sentence:

Sentence:
Ultimately, it comes down to who you trust more, the person who's certain they're right, or the person who's willing to be proved wrong.
歸根究柢，這取決於你更信任確信自己是正確的人，或是願意被證明是錯誤的人。

Pronunciation Tips:

Ultimately - Break 'ultimately' down into these sounds: [UL] + [TUH] + [MUHT] + [LEE]
Certain - sounds like [SER] + [TIN]
You can also link up “who’s certain”.

Vocabulary:
1.
ultimately (adv.) 最後、終極地
•
KK[ˋʌltəmɪtlɪ] IPA /ˈʌl.tə.mət.li/
finally, after a series of things have happened

Example:
You can’t force her to be with you. Ultimately, it’s up to whether she has the same feelings for you as you do for her.
你不能強迫她與你在一起。最終還是要看她是不是和你一樣有共同的感覺。

2.
certain (adj.) 確信、無疑地
•
KK[ˋsɝtən] IPA /ˈsɝː.tən/
having no doubt or knowing exactly that something is true, or known to be true, correct, exact, or effective
 
Example:
 
Are you certain that you saw him cheat in the exam?
你確定你看到他在考試時作弊?
 
3.
willing (adj.) 願意、樂意的
•
KK[ˋwɪlɪŋ] IPA /ˈwɪl.ɪŋ/
to be happy to do something if it is needed

Example:
Let me know if you need any help. I’d be willing to give you a hand.
若你需要幫忙可以跟我說，我很樂意協助你。

Outro:

So – new ideas are important and new thoughts and beliefs are what’s pushing humanity forward towards progress. We are living in a modern and advanced world today thanks to great minds that were brave enough to push boundaries and oppose criticism. There are many examples throughout history of people who were persecuted and punished for their beliefs and discoveries, just because they did not fit with the mainstream school of thought. When the main establishment – governments and religious groups – felt like these new facts might hurt them in any way, they immediately acted against them. So when that happened, new ideas were suppressed and oppressed, and progress was slowed down. But when people were allowed to research and investigate the world around us freely, new technologies were born and the whole world benefited from that. Today the method of proving and disproving theories is the main method science determines what is true or not. When emotions and feelings are kept out of the process it is easier to make a clear and honest judgment.

And that’s all we have time for this week. My name is Jenny. Thanks for listening and hope to see you here again next time.

1. Failure teaches success. 失敗為成功之母。

2. be home free 勝利在望
●Once you finished this part, you are home free.
一但你完成這個部分，你就快完成了！

3. in the bag 囊中之物、十拿九穩
●With a 14-points lead and only 3 minutes left to play, the victory seemed in the bag.
在比賽剩下三分鐘時，憑著14分的領先，似乎已是勝券在握。

4. bear fruit 開花結果、收穫成功
●We believe that all we did would bear fruit in the end.
我們深信我們所做的一切最後都會有所回報。

5. overnight success 一夜成名、突然且迅速的成功
●At the Grammy Awards, he said it took him 20 years to receive an overnight success.
在葛萊美獎上，他說他花了二十年才換來如今的一夜成名。

6. dress for success 穿出成功
●Dressing for success isn’t just a buzz phrase; it’s also a formula for prosperity.
「穿出成功」不僅僅是一個流行語，它還是邁向榮景的公式。

7. a recipe for success 成功的方法
●What he said today is a recipe for success which would change the rest of my life.
他今天說的這些成功的方法會徹底改變我的餘生。

a recipe for trouble 麻煩的源頭
a recipe for disaster/catastrophe 災難的禍源
a recipe for chaos/mayhem 混亂的源頭
a recipe for bliss 幸福的竅門

8. have the world at one’s feet 非常成功且受人尊敬
●When everything was going to be better and the future looked full of opportunity, I thought I had the world at my feet.
當一切越來越好、未來看似充滿機遇，我認為我已經取得世人眼中的成功。

參考資料: https://engoo.com.tw/blog/%E3%80%90%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C%E5%96%AE%E5%AD%97%E3%80%91%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%97%E7%82%BA%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F%E4%B9%8B%E6%AF%8D%E3%80%81%E5%8D%81%E6%8B%BF%E4%B9%9D%E7%A9%A9%E7%AD%89%E5%85%AB%E5%80%8B%E9%97%9C/

☺Ultimately, it comes down to who you trust more, the person who's certain they're right, or the person who's willing to be proved wrong.
歸根究柢，這還是要取決於你比較信任哪一種人，是那種很篤定自己一定是對的的人，還是那種樂於被證明自己是錯的的人。
【心得】科學研究本來就無法很周延，且時空背景，環境都一直在變。結論就是可供參考，但無須深信不疑。
■ultimately [ˋʌltəmɪtlɪ] (adv.)最後、最終；終歸、終究
■certain [ˋsɝtən] (adj.)肯定的、無疑的；確信的、有把握的、一定會的[(+of/about)][+(that)][+wh-][+to-v]；有限的；某個、某位；某種(或一定)程度的
(pron.)某些、一些[(+of)]
■willing [ˋwɪlɪŋ] (adj.) 願意的、樂意的[+to-v][+that]；心甘情願的、積極肯做的

#Jenny的發音好像偏向英式，耳朵懷孕了♪(´ε｀ )
Ultimately(/ˈʌl.tə.mət.li/最終), it *comes down to(歸根究柢在於...) who you trust more, the person who's certain(確信的) (+that) they're right, or the person who's *willing to(願意做) be proved(被證實v.) wrong(錯誤地adv.).
歸根究柢，你更相信那些確信他們自己是正確的人，或是願意被證實是錯誤的人。

◆ come down to sth : 歸結為，歸根結底在於 If a situation or decision comes down to something, that is the thing that influences it most:
What it all comes down to is your incredible insecurity. 歸根結底，一切都在於你強烈的不安全感。

Hi guys, today’s subject is science-related(相關的). Did you know that the Earth was flat(扁平的)? Or at least that was the common agreement between all scientists until around 2300 years ago when the Greeks(希臘人) managed to establish(創立v.) the round shape of our planet. Also, it was only around 350 years ago when a Polish(/ˈpoʊ.lɪʃ/波蘭的) scientist named Copernicus(哥白尼) discovered that the Earth actually revolves(/rɪˈvɑːlv/圍繞v.) around the sun. Until then(到那時), people had believed it was the other way around. It was very hard to change people’s views(看法) but after a long process(/ˈprəʊses/,/ˈprɑːses/過程n.), people got convinced(說服v.). And this is the principle(原則) that all science is based on even today – everything we know is only true until it is proven to be wrong. If someone can use scientific subjective(/səbˈdʒek.tɪv/主觀的) tools to prove something wrong, then that should be received as the new true fact. Getting things wrong is not all bad for science, because when a scientist makes a discovery(發現n.) – it is usually based on observation(/ˌɑːb.zɚˈveɪ.ʃən/觀察n.) of data(/ˈdɑːtə/,/ˈdeɪtə/數據,資料). They then analyze(分析v.) their observations and come to a conclusion(結論n.) to form(形成v.) a theory(理論). If no one else can disprove(/dɪˈspruːv/反駁v.) their theory then it stands(處於某種狀態 v.) and is accepted as true and real. No one can insist(堅持v.) on being right if the data and the conclusion of their research are flawed(/flɔːd/有錯誤的). Scientists may feel disappointed when their theories are proven inaccurate(/ɪnˈæk.jɚ.ət/不精確的), but without them being the first ones to have *come up with(想出,提出主意或計劃) these scientific theories, we might not have gotten to where we are today. I think the video is really interesting so I hope you’ll find time to watch it sometime. Now let’s take a look at our featured sentence.

1. ultimately /ˈʌl.tə.mət.li/ (adv.) 最後、終極地 finally, after a series of things have happened:
You can’t force(強迫v.) her to be with you. Ultimately, it’s up to whether she has the same feelings for you as you do for her. 你不能強迫她與你在一起。最終還是要看她是不是和你一樣有共同的感覺。

2. certain /ˈsɝː.tən/ (adj.) 確信、無疑地 having no doubt or knowing exactly that something is true, or known to be true, correct, exact, or effective:
Are you certain that you saw him cheat in the exam? 你確定你看到他在考試時作弊?
 
3. willing /ˈwɪl.ɪŋ/ (adj.) 願意、樂意的 to be happy to do something if it is needed:
Let me know if you need any help. I’d be willing to give you a hand. 若你需要幫忙可以跟我說，我很樂意協助你。

So – new ideas are important and new thoughts and beliefs are what’s pushing humanity(人類) forward(向前adv.) towards(朝向prep.) progress(/ˈprəʊ.ɡres/,/ˈprɑː.ɡres/進展n.). We are living in a modern and advanced world today thanks to *great minds(偉大的思想) that were brave(勇敢的) enough (很adv.) to *push boundaries(打破侷限) and oppose(/əˈpoʊz/反抗v.) criticism(批評n.). There are many examples throughout history of people who were persecuted(/ˈpɜːrsɪkjuːt/迫害v.) and punished(懲罰) for their beliefs(信念n.) and discoveries, just because they did not fit with the *mainstream(/ˈmeɪn.striːm/主流的) school of thought(思想). When the main(主要的) establishment(機構) – governments and religious groups – felt like these new facts might hurt them *in any way(任何方式), they immediately acted against them. So when that happened, new ideas were suppressed(suppress/səˈpres/壓制v.) and oppressed(oppress/əˈpres/壓制v.), and progress was slowed down. But when people were allowed to research and investigate(/ɪnˈves.tə.ɡeɪt/調查v.) the world around us freely, new technologies were born and the whole world benefited(受益v.) from that. Today the method of proving and disproving theories is the main method science determines(/dɪˈtɝː.mɪn/影響,確定v.) what is true or not. When emotions(情緒) and feelings are kept out of the process it is easier to make a clear(清晰的) and honest(可信的) judgment.

◆ persecute /ˈpɜːrsɪkjuːt/ (vt.) （因種族、宗教、政治理念）迫害；虐待；煩擾，糾纏
Religious minorities were persecuted and massacred(/ˈmæs.ə.kɚ/大規模屠殺v.) during the ten-year regime(/reɪˈʒiːm/政權). 在長達十年的獨裁統治期間，宗教信仰上的少數派遭到了迫害和屠殺。

Ultimately, it comes down to who you trust more, the person who's certain they're right, or the person who's willing to be proved wrong.

加油啊～