IELTS and TOEFL students, and so because these students need a little extra practice in listening

雅思和託福的學生，所以，因為這些學生需要額外的練習一下聽力

to more natural speed English, I will speak a little bit faster. If you're a beginner

到更自然的速度英語，我會說快一點。如果你是初學者

English learner, watch anyway. It's still good practice, but don't worry if I'm speaking

學英語的人，還是看吧。它'還是很好的練習，但不要擔心我是否在說

a little bit too fast. So more specifically, I'm going to be looking at the Writing -- Task

有點太快了。所以更具體地說，我'要看寫作--任務。

2, the essay of the IELTS and/or TOEFL. They're very similar. That's why I'm doing them together.

2、雅思和/或託福的作文。他們'很相似。這就是為什麼我'他們一起做。

There're not big differences, but I will point them out. And what I'm doing is I'm concentrating

有'不是很大的區別，但我會指出來。而我所做的是我專注於。

on the introduction today, the introduction paragraph. I'm not showing you the whole essay;

關於今天的導語，導語段。我'不是給你看整篇文章。

I'm just showing you the introduction. Now, you're wondering, "Why? It's just the introduction.

我'只是給你看介紹。現在，你'想知道，"為什麼？這只是介紹。

It's a short one, right?" No. This is probably the most important paragraph in your whole

It's a short one, right?" No. This is probably most important paragraph in your whole

essay. This is where you, basically, make or break your score, okay? Why? Because here

作文。這就是你，基本上，讓你的分數，好嗎？為什麼這麼說？因為這裡

is where the reader understands what you're about to do. This is where the grader -- the

是讀者明白你要做什麼的地方。這是評分者--的地方。

person who's giving you your score -- understands if you understood the question; understands

人誰'的給你你的分數 - 瞭解如果你明白的問題; 瞭解

if you know what you're talking about; and understands if you knew how to plan well,

如果你知道你在說什麼';，並理解如果你知道如何計劃好。

okay? Very, very important the first paragraph, the introduction. So what are you going to

好嗎？非常，非常重要的第一段，介紹。那麼，你要做的是

do? Of course you're going to plan first. You're not going to start writing. Do not

做什麼？當然你'要先計劃。你'不打算開始寫作。不要

write one word of your essay until you have your plan ready. Once you have your plan ready,

寫一個字的文章，直到你準備好你的計劃。一旦你有你的計劃準備，

your essay is done. You just have to, basically, translate this plan into sentences. You're

你的論文就完成了。你只需要，基本上，將這個計劃轉化為句子。你&#39；

basically going for three to five sentences. Less than three, you missed something; you

基本上要三到五句。少於三句，你就會漏掉一些東西；你

didn't do enough. More than five, you're going for words. You don't have time; don't worry

沒有'做得不夠。超過5個，你'要去的話。你沒有'時間；不要擔心。

about it. Three to five -- get down what you need to get down. Get into your bodies where

三到五...三到五... ...記下你需要記下的東西。進入你的身體

you're going to be writing the most, okay? There are four questions you want to answer

你'要寫的最多，好嗎？有四個問題你要回答

in the introduction. You will already have these answers once you've planned properly,

中的介紹。只要你好好規劃一下，你就已經有了這些答案。

okay? What do you want to answer? "What is the topic?" "What is the question?" "What

好嗎？你想回答什麼? "題目是什麼? ""問題是什麼? ""什麼?

is your opinion?" And "What are your reasons?" These are the four things that must be included

is your opinion?" And "What are your reasons?" These are four things that must be included.

in the introduction. Now, a lot of you think, "Well, 'topic' and

的介紹中。現在，很多人認為，"好吧，'話題'。

'question' is the same thing, right?" But no; they're not. This is where a lot of people

'問題'是同一件事，對嗎？"但不；他們'不是。這是很多人的地方

lose points because they don't realize that these are two different things. The "topic"

失分，因為他們沒有意識到這是兩件不同的事情。的"話題&quot。

is the general idea of what the question is about. The "question" is, specifically, what

是問題的大意。The "question"是指，具體來說，什麼？

are you asked to do. Now, the most common type of question you will see on both the

是要求你做的。現在，最常見的問題類型，你會看到在這兩個。

IELTS and the TOEFL is a question that asks you to choose between two things. They want

雅思和託福是一道題，要求你在兩件事中做出選擇。他們要的是

you to choose one and argue why that one is better than the other one, or why that one

你選擇一個，並論證為什麼那個比另一個好，或者為什麼那個比另一個好

is so good. Now, what I'm going to show you today will mostly apply to these types of

是那麼的好。現在，我'今天要告訴你的，將主要適用於這些類型的。

questions. But if you have a question that asks you to compare and contrast two things,

的問題。但如果你有一道題，要求你對兩件事進行比較和對比。

keep in mind even if they ask you to compare two things, they're still going to ask you

請記住，即使他們問你比較兩件事情，他們'仍然會問你。

to lean towards one of them, to choose one as better than the other, in which case you're

傾向於他們中的一個，選擇一個比其他更好的，在這種情況下，你'。

still going to need to give your opinion, okay?

還是需要給你的意見，好嗎？

"What is the topic?" You're going to keep this very, very general. All you're doing

"主題是什麼？"你'要保持這個非常，非常一般。所有你正在做的

is giving the idea of what the essay is about. So I know all of you have probably practiced

是讓人知道文章的內容。所以我知道大家可能都練過

this question: "Is it better to live in the countryside or in the city? Explain your reasons,

這個問題："住在農村好還是住在城市好？解釋一下你的理由。

giving examples, etc." Your first sentence, very, very general: What is the topic of this

舉例等"你的第一句話，非常非常概括。What is the topic of this

question? City life? Country life? No. The topic is "where to live". So your first sentence

疑問？城市生活？鄉村生活？不是，題目是"在哪裡生活"。所以你的第一句話

introduces the idea of living -- choosing a place to live. The question is then more

介紹了居住的理念--選擇居住地。那麼問題就更多了。

specific, so your sentence narrows a little bit, becomes a little bit more focused. The

具體的，所以你的句子縮小了一點，變得更集中了一點。該

question is: "Is it better in the country or the city?" Okay?

問題是："是在鄉下好還是在城裡好？"好嗎？

Then, you have to give your opinion. You must say, "I believe", "I think", "in my opinion".

然後，你必須提出你的意見。你必須說，"我相信"，"我認為"，"在我看來"。

You don't have to use these words. There're other ways to say your opinion, but if you're

你不一定要用這些詞。還有其他的方式來表達你的意見，但如果你'。

not sure of those, put one of those; make it very, very clear what you're saying. This

不知道那些，把其中的一個；讓它非常，非常清楚你&#39；說。這個

is your thesis. This is a very specific sentence. After reading this sentence, I, the grader,

是你的論文。這是一個很具體的句子。讀完這句話，我這個評審。

must understand which side you've chosen and what you're going to argue. And then you see

必須明白你選擇了哪一方，你要爭論什麼。然後你看到

the last sentence gets a little bit more general. Why? Because you're giving your reasons. You're

最後一句話變得有點籠統。為什麼這麼說？因為你'給出了你的理由。你

not giving me details. You're giving me general reasons of why you have this opinion, okay?

不給我細節。你給我的是你為什麼有這種看法的一般理由，好嗎？

So four sentences, or you can squeeze them -- you can squeeze, for example, this one

所以四句話，也可以擠一擠--你可以擠一擠，比如說，這個

and this one. You can squeeze this one and this one and make three sentences. Or you

和這個。你可以把這個和這個擠在一起，做成三句話。或者你

can add extra information. You want to make this one two sentences? Go for it. Make it

可以添加額外的資訊。你想把這句話變成兩句話？那就去做吧讓它

five. Don't go more than five. More than five means you've lost focus, okay? Three means

五個。不要超過五。超過5就意味著你失去了焦點，好嗎？三意味著

you have very good command of the language. Personally, if you can do a very strong introduction

你有非常好的語言能力。就個人而言，如果你能做一個非常強大的介紹。

paragraph in three sentences, it could actually be better for you than five. But three to

三句話的段落，其實可能比五句話更適合你。但三句到

four -- three to five, four is the average; go for that. We're going to look at an example,

四--三到五，四是平均數；去吧。我們'要看一個例子。

and you'll understand better what I'm talking about here.

你會更明白我在這裡說的是什麼。

Okay, so here's our first example. The first example... I made it a little bit more basic.

好了，這裡是我們的第一個例子。第一個例子...我把它做得更基本一點。

I've got four different sentences answering each question individually, okay? Just to

我'了四個不同的句子分別回答每個問題，好嗎？只是為了

refresh our memories, what is the question? "Is it better to live in the city or the country?"

刷新我們的記憶，問題是什麼呢？"是住在城市好還是住在鄉村好？&quot。

Or "Is it better to live in the country or the city?" Doesn't matter. So remember: I'm

或者"是住在鄉下好還是住在城市好"無所謂。所以請記住：我'm

starting with a very general idea of the topic. "Deciding where to live is one of life's more

從一個很籠統的話題開始。"決定住在哪裡是生活中的一個'比較

difficult choices." "Where to live" -- here is your topic. Very general. Have I given

困難的選擇.""住在哪裡"--這是你的話題。很籠統。我有沒有給

any information? No. Have I expressed an opinion? No. All I'm doing is introducing the topic.

任何資訊？沒有，我表達過意見嗎？沒有，我所做的只是介紹這個話題。

That's all I want the reader to know: We're talking about where to live.

我只想讓讀者知道這些。我們在討論住在哪裡。

Next sentence. "One may opt for life in the country or the city." Now, just in case you're

下一句話."一個人可以選擇在鄉村或城市的生活."現在，只是為了防止你'。

not sure, "opt for" means "choose". I used "choice" here; I used "deciding" here; I want

不知道，"選擇"的意思是"選擇"。我在這裡用了"選擇"；我在這裡用了"決定"；我想。

to use as much different vocabulary as I can. "Opt for", if you know it, use it. A little

to use as much different vocabulary as I can."選擇"，如果你知道它，就使用它。有點

bit extra points for nice language. Okay. "One may opt for life in the country or the

位加分的好語言。好吧，"一個人可以選擇在鄉村生活，也可以選擇在。

city." This is your question. Country? City? Very clear. "In my opinion" -- very, very

城市."這是你的問題。國家？城市？非常清楚."在我看來"--非常、非常

direct and to the point. State your thesis. State what you believe. "In my opinion, life

直截了當，切中要害。說明你的論點。說明你的信念。 "在我看來，人生

in the city is more advantageous." -- "I choose city; it's better." That's all I want to say.

在城市裡更有優勢." --"我選擇城市;它'更好."這就是我想說的。

I'm answering the question. This is my stance. This is my opinion. "This is due to the fact

我'在回答這個問題。這是我的立場。這是我的意見。 "這是由於事實。

that the city offers better economic and social opportunities." So I'm going to present the

該城市提供了更好的經濟和社會機會."所以我'要提出的。

reader with two reasons: economic and social. Am I giving any idea what the economic reasons

讀者有兩個原因：經濟原因和社會原因。我是不是給大家講講經濟原因是什麼

are? No. Am I giving you any ideas what the social reasons are? No. They're very, very

是什麼？不，我給你任何想法 什麼社會原因是什麼？不，他們非常，非常。

general. I've made it a bit more general, okay? So I've answered all four questions.

一般的。我'把它做得比較籠統，好嗎？所以我已經回答了所有四個問題。

I'm doing exactly what the essay's supposed to do, what the essay's asking me to do.

我'做的正是作文'應該做的事，作文要求我做的事。

Now, the only thing I would suggest about this one -- again, very basic. The only thing

現在，我對這個問題的唯一建議是 -- -- 同樣，非常基本。唯一的事情

I would recommend you could do: Make this -- take out the period. Take out this. "In

我建議你可以這樣做。把這個... 把句號去掉拿出這個。 "在

my opinion, life in the city is more advantageous due to the fact that the city offers better

在我看來，城市的生活更有優勢，因為城市提供了更好的服務。

economic and social opportunities." All I did was join the last two sentences. So now,

經濟和社會機會."我所做的只是將最後兩句連接起來。所以現在。

I have a three-sentence paragraph and a little bit more complex sentence because I have more

我有一個三句話的段落，句子比較複雜，因為我有更多的

clauses and more phrases in it. So it shows a little bit of sentence variety. And it's

分句和更多的短語在裡面。所以它顯示了一點句子的多樣性。而且它'的

very simple. All you have to do is just take out the beginning. If I want, I can just take

非常簡單。你只要把開頭的部分拿出來就可以了。如果我想，我可以只是採取

out the whole thing -- "due to the fact" is a good expression. Use it; remember it -- and

出整個事情 -- -- "由於事實"是一個很好的表達。使用它；記住它 -- 並且

just put "because". If you're stuck, if you don't know another expression to show reason,

就把"因為"。如果你'卡住了，如果你不知道另一種表達方式來表示理由。

just use "because". Preferably, you don't use "because" because a thousand other people

就用"因為"。最好不要用"because"，因為有一千個人。

taking the test with you are also using "because". You want to be a little bit different. You

和你一起參加考試的人也在使用"因為"。你想有一點不同。你

want to stand out a little bit. But if you're panicking, if you're stuck, use "because".

想要突出一點。但如果你'恐慌，如果你'卡住了，就用"因為"。

Now, again, I mentioned there's a -- slight differences between TOEFL and IELTS. The only

現在，我又提到了託福和雅思之間有's a --輕微的差異。唯一的

difference is time and number of words. For IELTS, you have 40 minutes to write your essay.

不同的是時間和字數。雅思考試，你有40分鐘的時間來寫文章。

TOEFL you have 30 minutes. That's -- ten minutes is a huge difference, right? You have to write

託福你有30分鐘。這's -- 十分鐘是一個巨大的差異，對不對？你必須寫

-- for IELTS, you have to write your paragraph up to -- your first paragraph, sorry -- up

-- 對於雅思考試，你必須寫你的段落到 - 你的第一段，對不起 - 了。

to eight minutes. More than eight minutes, maybe ten with the planning, you're getting

到八分鐘。超過8分鐘，也許10分鐘的規劃，你'得到了

into a bit of trouble. TOEFL, you have maybe five, six minutes to do this, right? So you

成有點麻煩。托福考試，你也許有五六分鐘的時間來做這件事，對嗎？所以你

have to be a little bit quicker. You have to be better prepared. All that means is just

必須要快一點。你必須要有更好的準備。所有這一切意味著只是

practice, practice, practice. Write lots of essays.

練習，練習，練習。寫大量的作文。

Another difference is the IELTS, you need a minimum 250 words, whereas TOEFL you need

另一個區別是雅思，你需要至少250個單詞，而託福你需要的是

more words, okay? So write more. If you can add another sentence but not get off topic,

多寫點字，好嗎？所以要多寫。如果你能再加一句，但不離題。

put it in for the TOEFL. But I'm going to show you another example, a little bit more

把它的托福考試。但是，我'要告訴你另一個例子，多一點的

complex, a little bit fancier if you want to say it, and one that I can use for a "choose

複雜的，如果你想說的話，有點狂熱，我可以用一個"選擇

one", or a "compare and contrast and choose", okay? Let's do that.

一個"，或者一個"對比和選擇"，好嗎？讓我們'來做。

Okay, so let's look at now -- at another example. I made this one a little bit more multipurpose,

好了，現在讓我們看看--另一個例子。我把這個做得更多一點，更多用途。

depending on what kind of questions you're asked. If you're asked to compare and contrast,

取決於你'被問到什麼樣的問題。如果你'被問到比較和對比。

you can use this. If you're just asked to choose between two, you can still use this,

你可以用這個。如果你只是被要求在兩者之間選擇，你仍然可以使用這個。

okay? First thing you'll notice after we read it: only three sentences, but it's actually

好嗎？我們讀完後，你會發現：只有三句話，但實際上是'。

longer than the last example, okay? First sentence: "As a person reaches adulthood,

比上一個例子長，好嗎？第一句："當一個人到了成年。

he needs to decide on where he would prefer to live." Again: topic, "where to live". You

他需要決定他更願意住在哪裡."再次：主題，"住在哪裡"。你

can introduce another topic, adulthood, because you can incorporate that into your reasons,

可以引入另一個話題--成年，因為你可以把這個話題融入到你的理由中。

okay? I'm not saying much. I'm just -- my topic is still "where prefer to live". Okay.

好嗎？I'm not saying much. I'm just -- my topic is still "where prefer to live".I'm just -- my topic is still "where prefer to live"。好吧。

Next: "While there are advantages to both living in the country and the city" -- so

下一篇："雖然生活在鄉村和城市都有優勢"--所以。

here, I'm introducing the fact that I might be comparing. "Both have advantages" -- so

在這裡，我'介紹了我可能會比較的事實."兩者都有優勢"--所以。

I'm going to compare these." "I believe that for economic reasons -- I have your thesis

我'要比較這些.""我相信，出於經濟原因--我有你的論文。

and your main reason -- life in the city is more beneficial" -- I've chosen one. Here's

和你的主要原因 -- 生活在城市更有利" -- 我'已經選擇了一個。這裡

my general reason. Now, you're thinking, "Okay. Done, right?" No, because here's an example

我的一般原因。現在，你'在想，"好吧。完成了，對嗎？"不，因為這裡有一個例子'。

of where you can use one reason for your whole essay. You don't have to have two reasons

的地方，你可以使用一個理由，你的整個論文。你不必有兩個理由

-- we think. "This is because the city offers more employment opportunities, as well as

--我們認為。 "這是因為城市提供了更多的就業機會，以及。

a more affordable cost of living." So now, you realize, I actually do have two reasons

更實惠的生活成本."所以現在，你意識到了，我其實有兩個理由。

under the umbrella of the one reason. Okay? So many people think, "Oh, I can't think of

在一個原因的保護傘下。好嗎？所以很多人認為，"哦，我不能'想到的。

ideas. I don't know what to say about this." If you can have one idea, that's fine. Split

的想法。我不知道該說什麼."如果你能有一個想法，那'很好。分

it into two categories, right? "Economic reasons": jobs and cost of living. It's cheaper to live

它分為兩類，對嗎"經濟原因"：工作和生活成本。它'的生活更便宜

in the city because more people, more things come in, etc.

在城市裡，因為人多了，東西多了，等等。

Now, a couple of things to keep in mind. One, I only have three sentences. This is a very

現在，有幾件事要記住。第一，我只有三句話。這是一個非常

-- this sentence, this second one is a very long, complex sentence. If you can write a

--這句話，這第二句話是一個非常長的、複雜的句子。如果你能寫出一個

sentence that has more than one clause, more than one phrase, you're going to get bonus

句子有一個以上的分句，一個以上的短語，你'要得到獎金。

points because it show a very strong command of the language, okay? I'm doing three things

分，因為它顯示了一個非常強大的語言命令，好嗎？我在做三件事

here almost. I'm showing that I'm going to talk about the advantages; I'm giving you

這裡幾乎。我'在顯示我'要談的優勢；我'在給你。

my opinion; and I'm giving you my major reason all in one sentence. And then, I'm getting

我的意見；而我'給你我的主要原因都在一句話。然後，我得到

a little bit more specific how I'm going to split this up.

再具體一點，我怎麼'要把這個抽成。

Now, another thing to keep in mind -- two things to keep in mind: One, whatever -- however

現在，還有一件事要牢記 -- -- 有兩件事要牢記。第一，不管... ...

way or whatever order you list your reasons, make sure that the body paragraph follows

無論你以何種方式或何種順序列出你的理由，請確保正文段遵循

suit. So I talked about employment opportunities first, my next paragraph -- if I'm comparing,

服。所以我先談了一下就業機會，我的下一段--如果我'比較。

then the paragraphs are by comparing. Then the next one is employment opportunities and

然後這幾段是通過比較。那麼接下來就是就業機會和

cost of living. If I'm only making a choice, then my first body paragraph is about employment;

的生活成本。如果我只做選擇，那麼我的第一段正文就是關於就業的。

my second body paragraph is about cost of living, okay? But keep that in mind. If you're

我的第二段正文是關於生活成本的，好嗎？但請記住這一點。如果你'是

comparing and then choosing: first paragraph, make the comparisons; second paragraph, first

先比較後選擇：第一段，進行比較；第二段，先

reason for your choice; third paragraph, second reason for your choice. Or if you want, if

你選擇的理由；第三段，你選擇的第二個理由。或者如果你願意，如果

you have enough reasons -- you're going to need more than one -- you can compare throughout

你有足夠的理由--你會需要更多的理由--你可以在整個過程中進行比較。

the body: Each paragraph compares one point. "The city offers more employment opportunities.

的主體。每段比較一個點。 "城市提供更多的就業機會。

In the countryside, there's a limited number of jobs because there're not that many people

在農村，工作崗位有限，因為沒有那麼多人。

-- there aren't that many people.", etc. in the next one.

--沒有'那麼多人."，等下一個。

Another thing I want to mention: Some of you may be angry with me right now because I said

還有一件事我想提一下。你們中的一些人現在可能會對我生氣，因為我說過

"he", okay? "He" is okay. "She" is okay. Please do not do this. Do not do: "he/she", he/she,

"他"，好嗎"他"沒事"她"沒事。請不要這樣做。不要這樣做："他/她"，他/她。

him/her, him/her, himself/herself". It -- (A) it doesn't count as extra words, and (B) this

他/她，他/她，自己/自己"。它--(A)它不算多餘的詞，(B)這個

gets it really, really annoying for the reader. If you're a girl, say "she". If you're a guy,

得到了它真的，真的很討厭的讀者。如果你'是個女孩，就說"她"。如果你'是個男的，就說"她"。

say "he". If you're a guy and you want to say "she", say "she". If you're a girl and

說"他"。如果你'是一個男人，你想說"她"，說"她"。如果你'是一個女孩和

you want to say "he", say "he". But only choose one. Don't worry about it. You're not going

你想說"他"，就說"他"。但只能選擇一個。不要'擔心它。你不會

to lose points for this, okay? Now, again, I can't stress enough how important

丟分，好嗎？現在，再次，我不能強調足夠的重要性'。

it is to practice writing. And ideally, get someone to check it for you and give you feedback,

是為了練習寫作。而且最好是找人幫你檢查，給你反饋。

okay? But write your essays, and go over them. Make sure all your pronouns are okay, all

好嗎？但是寫文章的時候，要仔細檢查。確保你所有的代詞都沒問題，所有的

your prepositions are okay, your subjects and your verbs agree. Try to have different

你的介詞沒問題，你的主語和動詞一致。儘量有不同的

vocabulary, different sentence structures, okay? And practice, practice, practice. When

詞彙，不同的句子結構，好嗎？練習，練習，練習。練習，練習，練習。 當

you start preparing for the IELTS and the TOEFL, start with the essay. Learn to write

你開始準備雅思和託福，就從作文開始。學會寫

first. Because that takes the longest time to improve, and it's usually where people

首先。因為這需要最長的時間來改善，而這通常是人們&#39；的地方。

get their lowest score on the test, okay? Anyway, go to www.engvid.com. There will be

得到自己的最低考分，好嗎？總之，去www.engvid.com。會有

a quiz there to give you a little bit more practice with this. And of course, go to my

有一個測驗，給你多一點練習。當然，去我的

YouTube channel and subscribe there if you like. And come back again real soon. Bye.

YouTube頻道，如果你喜歡，就在那裡訂閱。並很快再回來。掰掰