Name: 【TED】Irina Kareva:數學可以幫助揭開癌症的祕密 (Math can help uncover cancer's secrets | Irina Kareva) (【TED】Irina Kareva: Math can help uncover cancer's secrets (Math can help uncover cancer's secrets | Irina Kareva))
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T07:34:16.000Z
Duration: 7 min 40 s

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Helen Chang

I translate from biology into mathematics

which, in my case, are systems of differential equations,

that I believe may be driving behavior over time

about how these elements interact with each other

Then, I translate these assumptions into equations,

然後我把這些假設翻譯成方程式，

and translate the results back into the language of biology.

is that we, as modelers, do not think about what things are;

並非我們這些建模的人 設想東西「是」什麼，

We think about relationships between individuals,

whether they be cells, animals or people,

and how they interact with each other and with their environment.

設想他們如何彼此互動， 如何與環境互動。

What do foxes and immune cells have in common?

狐狸和免疫細胞有什麼共通點？

and immune cells feed on invaders, such as cancer cells.

免疫細胞吃癌細胞之類的入侵者。

a qualitatively same system of predator-prey type equations

will describe interactions between foxes and rabbits

用性質相同的 捕食者—獵物型方程式系統，

Predator-prey type systems have been studied extensively

describing interactions of two populations,

已經在科學文獻中被廣泛研究，

where survival of one depends on consuming the other.

And these same equations provide a framework

其中一個族群的生存 仰賴消費另一個族群。

for understanding cancer-immune interactions,

And the prey employs all sorts of tricks to prevent the predator from killing it,

而獵物會採用各種詭計 避免遭捕食者獵殺，

This can have some very interesting implications.

For example, despite enormous successes in the field of immunotherapy,

there still remains somewhat limited efficacy

例如，儘管免疫治療的領域 已取得巨大的成功，

遇到實質固態瘤時功效仍然有限。

require nutrients such as glucose to survive.

皆需葡萄糖之類的營養才能生存。

If cancer cells outcompete the immune cells for shared nutrients

在腫瘤微環境中競爭共同的養分時，

如果癌症細胞勝過了免疫細胞，

then the immune cells will physically not be able to do their job.

那麼免疫細胞將無法完成工作。

This predator-prey-shared resource type model

我研究這種捕食者—獵物 共享資源形式的模型。

is something I've worked on in my own research.

恢復腫瘤微環境的代謝平衡──

that restoring the metabolic balance in the tumor microenvironment --

亦即確保免疫細胞能獲取食物──

that is, making sure immune cells get their food --

能讓免疫細胞這捕食者取回優勢

can give them, the predators, back their edge in fighting cancer, the prey.

意思是，可用抽象一點的方式，

you can think about cancer itself as an ecosystem,

把癌症本身設想像為生態系統，

where heterogeneous populations of cells compete and cooperate

彼此競爭和合作以取得空間和營養，

interact with predators -- the immune system --

all within the ecosystem of the human body.

全都發生在人體這生態系統中。

And what do we know about most ecosystems from conservation biology?

我們從保育生物學的角度看， 對生態系統了解最多的是什麼？

That one of the best ways to extinguish species

我們知道滅絕物種的最佳方式，

And so, once we have identified the key components

and simulate scenarios and therapeutic interventions

all in a completely safe and affordable way

全都以安全和實惠的方式進行，

and target different components of the microenvironment

針對微環境中的不同組成成份，

in such a way as to kill the cancer without harming the host,

And so while the immediate goal of my research

the real intent, of course, is to save lives.

當然，真正的目的是要拯救人命。

through mathematical modeling applied to biology,

and in particular, to the development of drugs.

It's a field that until relatively recently has remained somewhat marginal,

直到最近，這一直是個 邊緣、不被重視的領域，

And there are now very well-developed mathematical methods,

現在有發展得非常好的數學方法，

and an ever-increasing amount of computational power available to us.

我們能獲得的計算能力越來越多。

The power and beauty of mathematical modeling

lies in the fact that it makes you formalize,

【TED】Irina Kareva:數學可以幫助揭開癌症的祕密 (Math can help uncover cancer's secrets | Irina Kareva) (【TED】Irina Kareva: Math can help uncover cancer's secrets (Math can help uncover cancer's secrets | Irina Kareva))

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【TED】Irina Kareva:數學可以幫助揭開癌症的祕密 (Math can help uncover cancer's secrets | Irina Kareva) (【TED】Irina Kareva: Math can help uncover cancer's secrets (Math can help uncover cancer's secrets | Irina Kareva))

immune

aspect

enormous

completely