Name: 【TED-ed】當一天古雅典人 (A day in the life of an ancient Athenian - Robert Garland)
Uploaded: 2018-04-10T21:01:01.000Z
Duration: 5 min 2 s

It's 427 BCE and the worst internal  conflict ever to occur

這是西元前 427 年，也正是古希臘史上發生過

in the ancient Greek world  is in its fourth year.

between the city-states of Athens and Sparta, as well as their allies.

敵對雙方為雅典城邦和斯巴達城邦，以及他們彼此的盟友

The Athenians can't match the formidable  Spartan army on land.

雅典人抵不過斯巴達人強大的陸上部隊

and moved inside the walls surrounding  their city and port,

轉而搬入圍繞他們城市和港口的城墻內

now provisioned by a superior fleet  and extensive maritime empire.

並且有一支優良的艦隊和廣泛的海上帝國

and a recent plague wiped out  a third of the population.

近期發生的瘟疫也帶走了三分之一的人口

Archias and Dexileia live  in the center of Athens.

Archias 和 Dexileia 住在雅典城的中心

Archias is relatively well-off and takes  great interest in the city's affairs.

Archias 相對比較富裕，並且積極於參與城內事務

Dexileia, on the other hand, can't participate in politics or own property.

另一方面， Dexileia 則不能參政或是擁有個人資產

The couple are grateful to the gods that  three of their four children,

這對夫婦感謝眾神庇佑他們四個孩子中的三個

Many parents see daughters as a liability

since they require dowries  to find husbands.

will allow him to make good matches for them without going bankrupt.

足夠讓他幫女兒找到好人家，而且不會有破產的風險

Like many Athenians,  the family owns slaves.

和許多雅典家庭一樣，這個家一樣有奴隸

Originally from Thrace, they were captured in war.

Thratta does most of the housework  and helps raise the children.

Thratta 負責大多數的家務事還有幫忙照顧小孩

who supervises the son's education,  teaching him reading and writing.

負責監督兒子的教育，教導他讀書寫作

Archias is up early because there's  a meeting of the Ekklêsia,

Archias 一早就起來了，為的是去參加 Ekklêsia 會議

and pours a libation at the small shrine  in the courtyard

然後倒一小杯奠酒到庭院的小神龕

Dexileia will remain at home all day,  teaching her daughters domestic skills.

Dexileia 會整天在家，教導女兒操辦家事

Later, she'll retire to the inner  courtyard for some fresh air.

晚點她會到中庭喘口氣，呼吸新鮮空氣

the civic and commercial heart  of the city,

he finds the square swarming  with his fellow citizens,

他發現廣場上擠滿了他的公民夥伴們

native-born adult males who  have completed military training.

這些都是已經完成軍事訓練的當地成年男子

Attached to the central monument is  a noticeboard with the meeting's agenda.

在中央紀念碑上有一個告示板，宣佈今日的集會討論事項

Today, there's only one item  of discussion:

那就是該如何處置 Mytilene 的人民

Mytilene 是 Lesbos 島上的一座城市

where a revolt against Athenian rule  has just been put down.

那裡剛有一陣反抗雅典統領的暴動被平息下來

The meeting takes place on a hill west  of the acropolis known as the Pnyx.

集會舉辦在衛城西方一座名叫 Pnyx 的山丘上

and the crowd of 5,000 citizens  makes it clear why.

不難想象這名字從何而來，因為公民集會的參與者高達五千名

The heralds purify the hill by sprinkling  its boundary with pig's blood

傳令官用豬血標示集會界限，同時藉此淨化山丘

As everyone sits on benches  facing the platform,

the presiding officer opens the meeting  with the words:

主席用一句話來開始這次的會議

“Who wishes to address the assembly?”

One by one, citizens speak, some advising  mercy, others bent on vengeance.

一個接一個，公民們開始上台發表，有人建議施與恩惠，其他則支持給予報仇

A motion is proposed to execute  all the Mytileneans

其中一項建議是處決所有的 Mytilene 人民

because they betrayed their Athenian  allies during a time of war.

畢竟他們在戰時背叛了他們的雅典盟友

A majority raises their right hands  in favor.

Once the meeting's over, Archias heads  back to the agora to buy food and wine.

一旦會議結束， Archias 返回市場採買食物和酒

Hundreds have gathered there  to discuss the results,

上百人聚集在那裡，討論會議的結果

When Archias returns home,  he tells Dexileia about the debate.

當 Archias 回到家，他和 Dexileia 討論今天會議上的辯論

She thinks that killing the innocent  as well as the guilty

她覺得連同罪人一同殺害無辜者

Around dusk, Archias goes to  a friend's house for a symposium.

黃昏時， Archias 前去朋友家參加酒宴

The nine men drink wine and discuss the meeting well into the night.

九個男人聚在一起徹夜喝酒並且討論當天的會議

Archias shares his wife's opinion urging  mercy, and his friends eventually agree.

Archias 提出他老婆憐憫人心的意見，最終他的朋友們也都贊同了

Before dawn, something  unprecedented happens.

在破曉前，一件前所未有的事情發生了

announcing the council  has called another meeting.

but a new resolution,  to execute only the leaders of the revolt,

但最終決定只處決暴動領導人的動議

a ship with orders to carry out  the first resolution

And so another ship quickly sets sail  to countermand the order –

所以另一艘船趕緊出發去撤回前一道命令

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【TED-ed】當一天古雅典人 (A day in the life of an ancient Athenian - Robert Garland)

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