Name: 倫敦市人口只有一萬一千人？帶你挖掘倫敦裡的倫敦！歷史篇 The (Secret) City of London, Part 1: History
Uploaded: 2021-12-11T21:01:30.000Z
Duration: 4 min 48 s

情態副詞

The Great City of London, known for its historical landmarks, modern skyscrapers, ancient markets and famous bridges. It's arguably the financial capital of the world and home to over 11 thousand people.

偉大的倫敦市，以其歷史悠久的地標建築、現代化的摩天大樓、古老的市場和著名的大橋而聞名。它可以說是世界的金融中心，以及 1 萬 1 千人的居住地。

轉承詞

Wait, what? 11... thousand? That's right: but the City of London is a different place from London--though London is also known for its historical landmarks, modern skyscrapers, ancient markets, famous bridges and is home to the government, royal family and seven million people.

等等，什麼？（倫敦市只有）1 萬 1...  1千（人）？沒錯。本期影片介紹的倫敦市不是你以為的大倫敦。雖然大倫敦也是以歷史悠久的地標建築、現代化的摩天大樓、古老的市場及著名的大橋而聞名，並且還是英國政府、皇室貴族及 700 萬人口的所在地。

But, if you look at the map of London crafted by a careful cartographer, that map will have a one-square mile hole near the middle--it's here where the City of London lives inside of the city named London.

攤開一張由製圖師繪製的大倫敦地圖，你會發現中間處有一個佔地面積約一平方英里的小區塊——這個小區塊就是位於大倫敦中心的倫敦市。

Despite these confusingly close names, the two Londons have separate city halls and elect separate mayors, who collect separate taxes to fund separate police who enforce separate laws.

雖然大倫敦和倫敦市聽起來好像沒差，但大倫敦和倫敦市可是截然不同的兩個個體，這兩個倫敦分別有各別的市政府和市長、徵收各別的稅務，資助執行各別地方法規的個別警隊。

The Mayor of the City of London has a fancy title 'The Right Honourable, the Lord Mayor of London' to match his fancy outfit. He also gets to ride in a golden carriage and work in a Guildhall while the mayor of London has to wear a suit, ride a bike and work in an office building.

配合一身高貴的市長行頭，倫敦市的市長有一個很華麗的頭銜「非常尊敬的倫敦市長大人」，而且還有黃金馬車代步到市政廳上班。反觀大倫敦的市長只能穿西裝、騎腳踏車到辦公大樓上班。

The City of London also has its own flag and its own crest which is awesome and makes London's lack of either twice as sad.

很了不起的倫敦市也有自己的旗幟和自己的徽章；而大倫敦既沒有自己的旗幟，也沒有自己的徽章，聽著聽著不禁悲從中來。

To top it off, the City of London gets to act more like one of the countries in the UK than just an oddly located city--for uniquely the corporation that runs the city of London is older than the United Kingdom by several hundred years.

更了不起的是，倫敦市不僅地理位置特殊，其地位還堪比英國的構成國！特別是倫敦市政廳比英國本人還年長幾百歲！

So how did the UK end up with two Londons, one inside of the other? Because: Romans.

那麼，英國究竟為什麼會出現兩個倫敦，而且還是倫敦裡的倫敦呢？始作俑者是羅馬人。

2,000 years ago they came to Great Britain, killed a bunch of druids, and founded a trading post on the River Thames and named it Londonimium.

兩千年前，羅馬人來到英國，殺死了一群德魯伊特教的祭司，並在泰晤士河建立起一個商棧，命名為 Londonimium。

Being Romans they got to work doing what Romans do: enforcing laws, increasing trade, building temples, public baths, roads, bridges and a wall to defend their work.

既然身為羅馬人，自然就會做羅馬人必做的事：立法、增加貿易、修建神殿、公共浴場、道路、橋樑和一堵護城牆來保護他們建造的一切。

And it's this wall which is why the current City of London exists--for, though the Romans came and the Romans went and kingdoms rose and kingdoms fell, the wall endured protecting the city within. And the City, governing itself and trading with the world, grew rich.

縱然歷經羅馬人興衰、各王國起落，這堵牆牢固地守住了牆內的城市；而倫敦市在多年自治和與世界貿易的累積下逐漸富裕起來。

A thousand years after the Romans (yet still a thousand years ago) when William the Conqueror came to Great Britain to conqueror everything and begin modern British history he found the City of London, with its sturdy walls more challenging to defeat than farmers on open fields.

羅馬人走後一千年（距離現在還是一千年前），當「征服者威廉」來到英國征服一切，掀開英國近代史時，試圖把倫敦市收歸麾下，但他發現倫敦市比在曠野耕種的農夫們更加難纏。

So he agreed to recognize the rights and privileges City of Londoners were used to in return for the them recognizing him as the new King.

所以，他同意承認倫敦市居民原來的權利和特權，以換取他們擁護他為新國王。

Though after the negotiation, William quickly built towers around the City of London which were just as much about protecting William from the locals within as defending against the Vikings from without.

完成和倫敦市的談判後，威廉迅速在倫敦市周圍建起了堡壘，對內是為了保護自己不受倫敦市當地人傷害，對外是為了抵禦來自維京人的攻擊。

This started a thousand-year long tradition whereby Monarchs always reconfirmed that 'yes' the City of London is a special, unique place that is best left to its own business, while simultaneously distrusting it.

倫敦市由此開始叱吒風雲，千年來每一任英國君主都會承認倫敦市的特權和自治權，但同時也對倫敦市感到不信任。

Many a monarch thought the City of London was too powerful and rich. And one even built a new Capital city nearby, named Westminster, to compete with the City of London and hopefully, suck power and wealth away from it. This was the start of the second London.

因為許多君主都認為倫敦市太過強大和富有。有一位君主甚至為了與倫敦市競爭，在附近地區建造一個名為西敏寺的首都城市，以期吸走倫敦市的權力和財富。大倫敦就是這樣誕生的。

As the centuries passed, Westminster grew and merged with nearby towns eventually surrounding the walled-in, and still separate City of London. But, people began to call the whole urban collection 'London' and the name became official when Parliament joined the towns together under a single municipal government with a mayor.

在過去幾個世紀，西敏寺不斷地發展並與其他城鎮合併，最終將倫敦市包圍起來。之後人們習慣把整個市區稱為倫敦，當國會決定把合併起來的城鎮歸納在同一個市政府下，委任一位市長負責管理時，才正式把倫敦這個名字定下來。

But, the mayor of London still doesn't have power over the tiny City of London which has rules and traditions like nowhere else in the country and possibly the world.

但是，大倫敦市長仍然沒有權力對小小的倫敦市比手劃腳，因為倫敦市擁有如同國家級，甚至世界級的規矩和傳統。

For example, the ruling monarch doesn't just enter the City of London on a whim, but instead asks for permission from the Lord Mayor at a ceremony. While it's not required by law, the ceremony is, unusual to say the least.

例如，英國君主不能隨意進出倫敦市，而必須在一項儀式上問準倫敦市市長大人的同意。雖然徵詢市長大人的同意這項要求不具法律效力，但還是不太尋常。

The City of London also has a representative in Parliament, The Remembrancer, whose job it is to protect the City's special rights.

倫敦市在英國國會中也有一席代表，即節儀主管，他的工作是維護倫敦市的特殊權利。

Because of this, laws passed by Parliament sometimes don't apply to the City of London: most notably voting reform laws, which we'll discuss next time.

正因為如此，英國國會通過的法律有時並不適用於倫敦市，尤其是選舉改革法，這部分我們下一次討論。

But if you're curious for a preview, unlike anywhere else in the UK, elections in the City of London involve Medieval Guilds and modern companies.

但如果你很好奇，我們也可以先透露一點。不像英國其他地方，倫敦市的選舉涉及中世紀的同業公會和現代的公司。

Finally, the City of London also owns and operates land and buildings far outside its border, making it quite wealthy.

最後，倫敦市還在遠方持有土地和房產，致使倫敦市財源滾滾。

Once you start looking for the City's Crest, you'll find it in lots of unexpected places, most notably on Tower Bridge which, while being in London is operated by the City of London, these crests everywhere when combined with the City of London's age and wealth and quasi-independent status make it an irresistible temptation for conspiracy nuts.

倫敦市的徽章遍布各地，你會在許多預料不到的地方找到它，尤其是在倫敦塔橋上，明明在大倫敦的轄區，卻被倫敦市管理著。無所不在的城市徽章加上悠久的歷史，以及富強的背景和近乎獨立的地位，讓倫敦市被各種陰謀論籠罩。

Add in the oldest Masonic temple and it's not long before the crazy part of the Internet starts yelling about secret societies controlling the world via the finance industry from inside the City-state of London.

再加上最古老的兄弟會組織——共濟會在倫敦市設點，所以不久前網路傳言有神秘組織透過倫敦市的金融業控制全世界。

(And don't forget the reptilian alien Queen who's really behind it all.)

（而幕後黑手是邪惡的外星女王）。

But conspiracy theories aside, the City of London is not an independent nation like the Vatican is, no matter how much you might read it on the Internet, rather it's a unique place in the United Kingdom with a long and very complicated history.

但撇開陰謀論不談，無論網路流言再怎麼傳，真正來說倫敦市不同於梵蒂岡，倫敦市並不是一個獨立的國家，它只是英國國內一個擁有悠長、複雜歷史的特殊地區。

The wall that began all this 2,000 years ago is now mostly gone--so the border between London and its secret inner city isn't so obvious.

記載著倫敦市 2000 年歷史的石牆已經快消失殆盡——所以大倫敦和這座充滿神秘色彩的倫敦市的邊界也逐漸變得模糊。

Though, next time you're in London, if you come across a small dragon on the street, he still guards the entrance to the city in a city in a country in a country.

下次你到倫敦，可以循倫敦市的門神——小龍雕像去尋找倫敦市的蹤跡。