Name: 【TED】保羅-斯內格羅夫:A census of the ocean（保羅-斯內格羅夫：海洋普查）。 (【TED】Paul Snelgrove: A census of the ocean (Paul Snelgrove: A census of the ocean))
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T07:27:27.000Z
Duration: 16 min 48 s

The oceans cover some 70 percent of our planet.

譯者: Joan Liu 審譯者: Ya-Chun Chuang

情態副詞

And I think Arthur C. Clarke probably had it right

when he said that perhaps we ought to call our planet

而且我認為亞瑟·克拉克 極可能是對的

of photosynthesis, the production of new life.

就像你們可以在這個衛星圖看到的光合作用，

In fact, the oceans produce half of the new life every day on Earth

as well as about half the oxygen that we breathe.

事實上，地球每天的新生命超過一半是來自海洋，

In addition to that, it harbors a lot of the biodiversity on Earth,

海洋亦產出約我們吸進氧氣的一半。

此外，海洋中還包含很多各式各樣的生物，

且很多生物仍然是不為我們所知的。

That also doesn't even get into the whole protein extraction

但我今天會告訴你們其中的一部分。

那甚至不包括我們從海洋裡所做的整個

That's about 10 percent of our global needs

那大約是全球需求的百分之十，

且是某些海島國家需求的百分之百。

into the 95 percent of the biosphere that's livable,

you might periodically see spectacular organisms swim by,

because those are the denizens of the deep,

你有時也許可以看到一些很壯觀的生物游過，

And eventually, the deep sea floor would come into view.

This type of habitat covers more of the Earth's surface

And yet, we know more about the surface of the Moon and about Mars

直到目前為止，我們瞭解月球和火星表面

despite the fact that we have yet to extract

a gram of food, a breath of oxygen or a drop of water

即使我們仍未從那些星球上取得

an international program began called the Census of Marine Life,

which set out to try and improve our understanding

一個叫作「海底生物調查」的全球性研究開始了，

It involved 17 different projects around the world.

As you can see, these are the footprints of the different projects.

And I hope you'll appreciate the level of global coverage

如你所見，這是各個計畫的分布圖。

It all began when two scientists, Fred Grassle and Jesse Ausubel,

這一切都從Fred Grassle和Jesse Ausubel這兩個科學家

where both were guests at the famed oceanographic institute.

And Fred was lamenting the state of marine biodiversity

and the fact that it was in trouble and nothing was being done about it.

Well, from that discussion grew this program

事實上已經面臨危機而且沒有任何實行的解決措施時。

這個計畫就是從那次討論開始實行

from more than 80 countries around the world

at a combined cost of 650 million dollars

to study the distribution, diversity and abundance

the most beautiful and visually stunning things everywhere we looked --

我們發現許多令人嘆為觀止的新物種，

比我們看過的任何生物都更美麗驚艷。

form microbes all the way up to fish and everything in between.

And the limiting step here wasn't the unknown diversity of life,

而這之中的限速步驟並不是未知的生物多樣性，

who can identify and catalog these species

They, in fact, are an endangered species themselves.

There are actually four to five new species

他們，事實上，就是一種面臨絕種的物種。

每天事實上大約有四到五個新物種

And as I say, it could be a much larger number.

Now, I come from Newfoundland in Canada --

如我所說的，還可以是個更大的數字。

It's an island off the east coast of that continent --

where we experienced one of the worst fishing disasters

那是一個位於大陸東邊海岸的島嶼，

也是我們的歷史上其中一個遭遇過

And so this photograph shows a small boy next to a codfish.

可以看到這張照片有個小男孩在一條鱈魚旁邊。

I would go out fishing with my grandfather

當我跟這個小男孩大概一樣大的時候，

and we would catch fish about half that size.

然後我們會抓到只有這張照片尺寸一半的魚。

If you were to go out there today, 20 years after this fishery collapsed,

因為我從來沒有看過這樣大的魚。

if you could catch a fish, which would be a bit of a challenge,

在漁業瓦解二十年後的今天，如果你再去釣魚，

如果你可以順利抓到一隻魚，這是有點挑戰的，

So what we're experiencing is something called shifting baselines.

那隻魚的大小也會是我當時釣魚的一半。

Our expectations of what the oceans can produce

所以我們正在經歷的是一個叫做變換底線的過程。

is something that we don't really appreciate

我們期待在海裡可以產生的東西

because we haven't seen it in our lifetimes.

是一個我們無法真正體會的事情，

Now most of us, and I would say me included,

因為我們從未在我們的一生中看過。

think that human exploitation of the oceans

現在大部份的人們，也包括我，

in the last 50 to, perhaps, 100 years or so.

大約是在過去50年、100年或更早

The census actually tried to look back in time,

using every source of information they could get their hands on.

這個調查試圖利用所有能找到的資訊

to, at best, World War II, for the most part.

因為科學數據大部分至多回溯到

is that exploitation really began heavily with the Romans.

And so at that time, of course, there was no refrigeration.

從羅馬時期漁業濫捕就開始嚴重了。

what they could either eat or sell that day.

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【TED】保羅-斯內格羅夫:A census of the ocean（保羅-斯內格羅夫：海洋普查）。 (【TED】Paul Snelgrove: A census of the ocean (Paul Snelgrove: A census of the ocean))

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