Thank you very much.

(掌聲)

I have a few pictures,

謝謝大家。

and I'll talk a little bit about how I'm able to do what I do.

我帶來一些照片，

All these houses are built

我將會談談

from between 70 and 80 percent recycled material,

我怎麼做到我所做的這些事。

stuff that was headed to the mulcher, the landfill, the burn pile.

這裡所有房子使用的建材

It was all just gone.

都使用了百分之七~八十的回收材料，

This is the first house I built.

那些原本被送往粉碎機、掩埋場、焚化爐的東西。

This double front door here with the three-light transom,

這些都是過去式了。

that was headed to the landfill.

這是我所建造的第一棟房子。

Have a little turret there.

這個雙開式大門有著三個透光口的門楣，

And then these buttons on the corbels here --

那是從掩埋場撿回來的。

right there --

上面有個小塔樓。

those are hickory nuts.

而在腳座上的那些釦狀物 --

And these buttons there --

在這邊 --

those are chicken eggs.

那些是山胡桃的果核。

(Laughter)

而這裡的釦狀物，

Of course, first you have breakfast,

那些則是雞蛋。

and then you fill the shell full of Bondo and paint it and nail it up,

當然，你要先把早餐吃完，

and you have an architectural button in just a fraction of the time.

然後在蛋殼裡塞滿補土，接著上色，再把它固定上去。

This is a look at the inside.

於是，你可以在短時間內

You can see the three-light transom there with the eyebrow windows.

就完成一個建築式的釦狀物。

Certainly an architectural antique headed to the landfill --

接著這是裡面的樣子。

even the lockset is probably worth 200 dollars.

那裡是有三個透光口的門楣

Everything in the kitchen was salvaged.

和眉窗 --

There's a 1952 O'Keefe & Merritt stove,

很有古典的建築。

if you like to cook -- cool stove.

也是從掩埋場撿回來的。

This is going up into the turret.

甚至這個鎖可能也值 200 美元。

I got that staircase for 20 dollars,

廚房裡的每樣東西都是撿回來的。

including delivery to my lot.

有個 1952 年的 O'Keefe & Merritt 火爐，

(Laughter)

如果你喜歡下廚的話，這是個很棒的爐子。

Then, looking up in the turret,

從這裡可以爬上塔樓。

you see there are bulges and pokes and sags and so forth.

我花了 20 美元買到這個樓梯，

Well, if that ruins your life,

還包含運費。

well, then, you shouldn't live there.

(笑聲)

(Laughter)

接著，看看塔樓的上面，

This is a laundry chute.

那裡凹凹凸凸還有傾斜之類的設計。

And this right here is a shoe last --

喔，如果這會影響你的生活，

those are those cast-iron things you see at antique shops.

那你就不該住在那裡。

So I had one of those,

(笑聲)

so I made some low-tech gadgetry, where you just stomp on the shoe last,

這是洗衣房的照片，

and then the door flies open and you throw your laundry down.

右邊這裡是個鞋楦。

And then if you're smart enough, it goes on a basket on top of the washer.

那些是那種你在古董店裡才看得到的鑄鐵製品。

If not, it goes into the toilet.

而我有一個，

(Laughter)

所以我在那裡做了一個簡單的小機關，

This is a bathtub I made,

只要你踩鞋楦那裡，

made out of scrap two-by-four.

門就會打開，你可以把髒衣服丟下去。

Started with the rim, and then glued and nailed it up into a flat,

如果你夠聰明的話，它會掉在洗衣機上面的籃子裡。

corbeled it up and flipped it over,

否則它就會掉進馬桶裡。

then did the two profiles on this side.

(笑聲)

It's a two-person tub.

這是我做的浴缸，

After all, it's not just a question of hygiene,

用二乘四的破片做的。

but there's a possibility of recreation as well.

從只有一個圓框開始，

(Laughter)

把它黏住，再固定成一個平面，

Then, this faucet here is just a piece of Osage orange.

支撐起來，然後翻個面，

It looks a little phallic,

然後在這個方向做出兩個面。

but after all, it's a bathroom.

這是個雙人浴缸。

(Laughter)

畢竟，這不只是衛生問題，

This is a house based on a Budweiser can.

這也有用來娛樂的可能性。

It doesn't look like a can of beer,

(笑聲)

but the design take-offs are absolutely unmistakable:

而這邊的水龍頭，

the barley hops design worked up into the eaves,

是桑橙樹的一部分。

then the dentil work comes directly off the can's red, white, blue and silver.

看起來有點像男性生殖器，

Then, these corbels going down underneath the eaves

但畢竟這裡是浴室嘛。

are that little design that comes off the can.

(笑聲)

I just put a can on a copier and kept enlarging it

接著，這是用百威啤酒罐蓋的房子。

until I got the size I want.

它看起來並不像是啤酒罐，

Then, on the can it says,

但設計的概念是完全相同的。

"This is the famous Budweiser beer,

冒出來的酒花一直延伸到屋簷下，

we know of no other beer, blah, blah, blah."

而那齒狀設計則用了罐子上的紅、白、藍和銀四種顏色。

So we changed that and put,

而這些由屋簷往下的腳座

"This is the famous Budweiser house. We don't know of any other house ..."

是從罐子來的小設計。

and so forth and so on.

我把一個罐子放在影印機上，

This is a deadbolt.

把它放大到我想要的尺寸。

It's a fence from a 1930s shaper, which is a very angry woodworking machine.

於是，罐子上寫著，

And they gave me the fence, but they didn't give me the shaper,

"這是知名的百威啤酒，我們不知道還有其他啤酒，如何... 如何..."

so we made a deadbolt out of it.

於是我們把它改成，"這是知名的百威房屋。

That'll keep bull elephants out, I promise.

我們不知道還有其他的房子" 之類的內容。

(Laughter)

這是一個門栓，本來裝在一台 1930年代成型機的圍欄上，

And sure enough, we've had no problems with bull elephants.

那是一台很危險的木工機器。

(Laughter)

他們給了我圍欄，但是沒有給我成型機，

The shower is intended to simulate a glass of beer.

所以我們把它做了一個門栓。

We've got bubbles going up there, then suds at the top with lumpy tiles.

我保證這可以擋住公牛或大象之類的東西。

Where do you get lumpy tiles? Well, of course, you don't.

當然，我們不會遇到公牛或大象跑來家裡。

But I get a lot of toilets, and so you just dispatch a toilet with a hammer,

(笑聲)

and then you have lumpy tiles.

淋浴間特地做得像是一杯啤酒。

And then the faucet is a beer tap.

有往上跑的氣泡，然後最上面是用凸起的磁磚做成的泡沫。

(Laughter)

在哪裡可以買到凸起的磁磚? 當然，你找不到的。

Then, this panel of glass is the same panel of glass

不過我有很多馬桶，只要把一個馬桶用鐵鎚敲碎，

that occurs in every middle-class front door in America.

你就會有一堆凸起的磁磚了。

We're getting tired of it. It's kind of clichéd now.

而那裡的水龍頭，

If you put it in the front door, your design fails.

則是一個啤酒栓頭。

So don't put it in the front door; put it somewhere else.

(笑聲)

It's a pretty panel of glass.

而那一片玻璃

But if you put it in the front door,

和美國一般家庭

people say, "Oh, you're trying to be like those guys,

所使用的大門玻璃一樣。

and you didn't make it."

我們已經看膩了，那太老套了。

So don't put it there.

所以如果你把它裝在大門上，你的設計就失敗了。

Then, another bathroom upstairs.

所以不要裝在大門上，裝在其它位置上。

This light up here

這是片很漂亮的玻璃。

is the same light that occurs in every middle-class foyer in America.

但是如果你把它裝在大門上，

Don't put it in the foyer.

人們會說，"喔，你跟其他人一樣，沒創意。"

Put it in the shower, or in the closet,

所以不要裝在那邊。

but not in the foyer.

接著是樓上的另一個浴室。

Then, somebody gave me a bidet, so it got a bidet.

上面的燈和美國一般家庭

(Laughter)

裝在玄關的燈一樣。

This little house here,

所以不要裝在玄關。

those branches there are made out of Bois d'arc or Osage orange.

裝在浴室或壁櫥裡，

These pictures will keep scrolling as I talk a little bit.

就是不要裝在玄關。

In order to do what I do,

有個人送我一個坐浴盆，所以這裡有個坐浴盆。

you have to understand what causes waste in the building industry.

(笑聲)

Our housing has become a commodity,

這個小房子，

and I'll talk a little bit about that.

那些枝幹是用桑橙樹所做，

But the first cause of waste is probably even buried in our DNA.

在我說下去的同時，

Human beings have a need for maintaining consistency

這些照片會繼續播放。

of the apperceptive mass.

為了要做到我所做的，

What does that mean?

你必須要了解，

What it means is, for every perception we have,

建築工業中廢棄物的來源。

it needs to tally with the one like it before,

房子變成了一種商品，

or we don't have continuity, and we become a little bit disoriented.

我等等會提到這個。

So I can show you an object you've never seen before.

但是首先造成廢棄物的來源可能藏在我們的DNA之中。

Oh, that's a cell phone.

人類有著對於維持整體感覺

But you've never seen this one before.

一致性的需求。

What you're doing

這是什麼意思呢?

is sizing up the pattern of structural features,

意思是說，我們的每一個感覺，

and then you go through your databanks:

它必須對應到它之前的樣子，

Cell phone. Oh! That's a cell phone.

否則我們就失去了連貫性，

If I took a bite out of it, you'd go,

於是我們就會失去方向感。

"Wait a second.

我給你看一個你從沒看過的東西。

(Laughter)

喔，這是一支手機。

"That's not a cell phone.

但是你從來都沒看過這一支。

That's one of those new chocolate cell phones."

你正在做的是

(Laughter)

衡量它的結構外觀模式，

You'd have to start a new category,

然後從你的記憶資訊中找出 -- 是手機。

right between cell phones and chocolate.

好，這是一支手機。

(Laughter)

如果我把一部分拿掉的話，

That's how we process information.

你會說，"等等。

You translate that to the building industry.

那不是手機。

If we have a wall of windowpanes and one pane is cracked, we go,

那是一個新型的巧克力手機。"

"Oh, dear. That's cracked. Let's repair it.

(笑聲)

Let's take it out and throw it away so nobody can use it

於是你就會在手機和巧克力之間，

and put a new one in."

開啟了一個新的類別。

Because that's what you do with a cracked pane.

這就是我們如何去處理訊息。

Never mind that it doesn't affect our lives at all.

所以你將這個套用在建築工業上，

It only rattles that expected pattern and unity of structural features.

如果在一整片玻璃牆上，有一片破了，

However, if we took a small hammer,

我們會說，"喔，天啊。那片破了。我們把它修好吧。

and we added cracks to all the other windows --

把它拿出來丟掉，別人就不會用到破的，再換上新的一片。"

(Laughter)

因為那是你處理破窗戶的方式。

then we have a pattern.

別在意嘛，它並不影響我們的生活啊。

Because Gestalt psychology emphasizes recognition of pattern

它只是讓我們期待的模式

over parts that comprise a pattern.

和建築整體一致性出現一點瑕疵。

We'll go, "Ooh, that's nice."

但是，如果我們拿一個小槌子，

So, that serves me every day.

把所有的窗戶都敲碎，

Repetition creates pattern.

這樣就有了共同的模式。

If I have 100 of these, 100 of those,

因為形態心理學加重了我們在辨識

it makes no difference what these and those are.

包含模式的物件時的辨識能力。

If I can repeat anything, I have the possibility of a pattern,

我們就會說，"喔，真是太好了。"

from hickory nuts and chicken eggs, shards of glass, branches.

於是，這時時刻刻都影響著我們。

It doesn't make any difference.

重複性會創造出模式。

That causes a lot of waste in the building industry.

如果我有上千個這種東西和那種東西，

The second cause is,

這些和那些將不會有任何不同。

Friedrich Nietzsche, along about 1885,

如果我能重製任何東西，我就有創造模式的可能，

wrote a book titled "The Birth of Tragedy."

不論是從山胡桃核、雞蛋、碎玻璃或是樹的枝幹。

And in there,

這將不會有任何的不同。

he said cultures tend to swing between one of two perspectives:

這會導致建築工業產生大量廢棄物。

on the one hand, we have an Apollonian perspective,

第二點，Friedrich Nietzsche 在大概 1885 年的時候

which is very crisp and premeditated and intellectualized

寫了一本書叫做 "悲劇的誕生"。

and perfect.

在裡面他提到

On the other end of the spectrum, we have a Dionysian perspective,

文化會在兩種看法之間盤旋。

which is more given to the passions and intuition,

一方面，我們有日神精神，

tolerant of organic texture and human gesture.

那是講究明確、規劃、

So the way the Apollonian personality takes a picture or hangs a picture is,

理智、

they'll get out a transit

和完美的。

and a laser level

另一方面，我們還有酒神精神，

and a micrometer.

那是較講究感情、直覺、

"OK, honey. A thousandth of an inch to the left.

對身體的結構與人類姿態有較大的包容性。

That's where we want the picture. Right. Perfect!"

所以用日神精神照相，

Predicated on plumb level, square and centered.

或是掛一張圖畫，

The Dionysian personality takes the picture and goes:

會用上工程經緯儀、

(Laughter)

雷射水平儀或測微器之類的東西。

That's the difference.

"好，親愛的。往左邊移千分之一英吋。

I feature blemish.

那就是我們想要的照片。對，真完美。"

I feature organic process.

架構在一個很好的基礎上，正中方正。

Dead center John Dewey.

而酒神精神照相則是，

Apollonian mindset creates mountains of waste.

照相，然後換個地方 ...

If something isn't perfect,

(笑聲)

if it doesn't line up with that premeditated model?

這就是差異所在。

Dumpster.

突顯缺陷。

"Oops. Scratch. Dumpster."

突顯生命的過程 --

"Oops" this, "oops" that. Landfill, landfill, landfill.

這就是 John Dewey 所強調的。

The third thing is arguably --

日神精神的心態造成了大量的廢棄物。

The Industrial Revolution started in the Renaissance

如果某個東西不夠好，

with the rise of humanism,

如果它和預期的失敗模組一樣就丟掉。

then got a little jump start along about the French Revolution.

"唉啊，刮到了，丟掉。

By the middle of the 19th century, it's in full flower.

這裡不好，那裡不好。垃圾、垃圾、垃圾。"

And we have dumaflaches and gizmos

第三點是具爭論性的 --

and contraptions that will do anything

文藝復興時期出現工業革命，

that we, up to that point,

人文主義隨之興起，

had to do by hand.

到了法國大革命時又更加興盛。

So now we have standardized materials.

在十九世紀中期到達巔峰。

Well, trees don't grow two inches by four inches,

我們有了許多小工具，

eight, ten and twelve feet tall.

一些小裝置可以讓我們

(Laughter)

依據自己想要的，

We create mountains of waste.

自己動手做。

And they're doing a pretty good job there in the forest,

所以現在我們有制式化的材料。

working all the byproduct of their industry --

當然，樹不會自己長成2英吋乘4英吋的形狀，

with OSB and particle board and so forth and so on --

或是8、10和12英呎高。

but it does no good

我們創造出大量的廢棄物。

to be responsible at the point of harvest in the forest

他們在森林裡

if consumers are wasting the harvest at the point of consumption.

進行著工作，

And that's what's happening.

去製造工業中的副產物 --

And so if something isn't standard,

定向纖維版、刨花板之類的 --

"Oops, dumpster." "Oops" this. "Oops, warped."

但是這並不好，

If you buy a two-by-four and it's not straight,

如果消費者浪費了這些被採收的樹材，

you can take it back.

他們要對這片森林負起責任。

"Oh, I'm so sorry, sir. We'll get you a straight one."

而這就是正在發生的事情。

Well, I feature all those warped things

所以如果某樣東西不符合標準，

because repetition creates pattern,

"唉啊，丟掉，這裡也不好，唉啊，歪掉了。"

and it's from a Dionysian perspective.

如果你買了一個2乘4的東西，而它不是直的，

The fourth thing

你可以把它送回店裡。

is labor is disproportionately more expensive than materials.

"很抱歉，我們會換一個直的給你。"

Well, that's just a myth.

我突顯那些歪掉的東西，

And there's a story:

因為重複性就會創造出模式，

Jim Tulles, one of the guys I trained -- I said, "Jim, it's time now.

這是源自於酒神精神。

I got a job for you as a foreman on a framing crew. Time for you to go."

第四點，

"Dan, I just don't think I'm ready."

人工比材料費用貴上非常多倍。

"Jim, now it's time. You're the down -- oh!"

不過這只是概念啦。

So we hired on.

舉個例子：Jim Tulles 是我訓練出來的一個人，

And he was out there with a tape measure, going through the trash heap,

我說，"Jim，時候到了。

looking for header material, or the board that goes over a door,

我要讓你擔任骨架小組的領班。是你表現的時候了。"

thinking he'd impress his boss -- that's how we taught him to do it.

"Dan，我覺得我還沒準備好。"

The superintendent walked up and said, "What are you doing?"

"Jim，是時候了。你行的。"

"Oh, just looking for header material,"

後來我們被僱用了。

waiting for that kudos.

於是他帶著量尺

He said, "I'm not paying you to go through the trash. Get back to work."

穿梭在垃圾堆裡找尋門楣的材料 --

And Jim had the wherewithal to say,

就是門上面的那個板子 --

"You know, if you were paying me 300 dollars an hour,

希望藉此給他的雇主好印象 -- 這是我們教他的。

I can see how you might say that.

於是監工跑來問他，"你在幹什麼?"

But right now, I'm saving you five dollars a minute.

"喔，只是想找一些門楣的材料，"

Do the math."

他正期待被稱讚。