just so people will feel at ease that the great scientist of the 20th century

我想以一個愛因斯坦的名言作為開頭

also agrees with us, and also calls us to this action.

讓大家可以更容易接受我的觀點,因為20世紀最偉大的科學家

He said, "A human being is a part of the whole, called by us, the 'universe,' --

也同意我們,並且要我們這樣做

a part limited in time and space.

他說,"人之所以為人,是宇宙的一部份"

He experiences himself, his thoughts and feelings,

在時間與空間中有限的一部份

as something separated from the rest,

他將自身以及自己的思想與感受

a kind of optical delusion of his consciousness.

視為獨立於整體之外

This delusion is a kind of prison for us,

但這種"獨立"是一種意識的錯覺

restricting us to our personal desires and to affection for a few persons nearest to us.

這種錯覺就像會把我們囚禁的監牢

Our task must be to free ourselves from this prison by widening our circle of compassion,

箝制我們個人的慾望和少數親近的人

to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature in its beauty."

我們必須把我們自己從這個監獄釋放出來,同時拓展我們的同理心

This insight of Einstein's is uncannily close to that of Buddhist psychology,

來擁抱所有生命與整個大自然的美麗

wherein compassion -- "karuna," it is called --

在這一刻,愛因斯坦的見解與佛教心理學中

is defined as, "the sensitivity to another's suffering

談到的同理心(慈悲心),卡魯那(佛教心理學)有所略同

and the corresponding will to free the other from that suffering."

被定義為,"以眾生的苦當作自己的苦"

It pairs closely with love, which is the will for the other to be happy,

並且讓別人可以從痛苦中解脫出來的意志力

which requires, of course, that one feels some happiness oneself

這同理心與西方的愛是類似的, 那就是希望別人可以快樂

and wishes to share it.

在自己感到快樂的同時

This is perfect in that it clearly opposes self-centeredness

也希望可以與別人分享

and selfishness to compassion, the concern for others,

因為同理心和以自我為中心

and, further, it indicates that those caught in the cycle of self-concern

自私自利恰恰相反,它是關心別人的

suffer helplessly, while the compassionate are more free

並且更進一步來說那些以自我為中心的人

and, implicitly, more happy.

更容易陷入無助,而那些擁有慈悲心的人往往可以生活的更自在

The Dalai Lama often states that compassion is his best friend.

獲得更多快樂

It helps him when he is overwhelmed with grief and despair.

達賴喇嘛常說同理心是他最好的朋友

Compassion helps him turn away from the feeling of his suffering

這幫助他戰勝悲傷與失望

as the most absolute, most terrible suffering anyone has ever had

同理心幫助他脫離那些令他感到折磨的感受

and broadens his awareness of the sufferings of others,

即使那種痛苦比別人更加悲慘

even of the perpetrators of his misery and the whole mass of beings.

並且讓他意識到其他也在受苦的人

In fact, suffering is so huge and enormous,

即使是那些令他痛苦的犯罪者,以及所有這些人

his own becomes less and less monumental.

事實上, 痛苦的折磨是這麼大到難以計數

And he begins to move beyond his self-concern into the broader concern for others.

而他自己的痛苦卻只是極小一部份

And this immediately cheers him up,

而他把以自我為中心的意識轉為發散到他人

as his courage is stimulated to rise to the occasion.

這立刻鼓舞了他起來

Thus, he uses his own suffering

因為他的勇氣立刻被激發出來

as a doorway to widening his circle of compassion.

也因為如此,他用自己所受到的磨難

He is a very good colleague of Einstein's, we must say.

當作一扇打開同理心的門擴展開來

Now, I want to tell a story,

我必須這樣說,他是愛因斯坦的好同事,因為他們英雄所見略同

which is a very famous story in the Indian and Buddhist tradition,

現在我想要說一個故事

of the great Saint Asanga

一個對印度以及佛教來說很有名的故事

who was a contemporary of Augustine in the West

是關於聖人Asanga的故事

and was sort of like the Buddhist Augustine.

他和西方世界的奧古斯丁是屬於同一個時期的人

And Asanga lived 800 years after the Buddha's time.

並且他其實就類似佛教界的奧古斯丁

And he was discontented with the state of people's practice

Asanga生活的時空是在佛祖誕生後的八百年

of the Buddhist religion in India at that time.

並且他對當時人們

And so he said, "I'm sick of all this. Nobody's really living the doctrine.

對印度佛教教義的實踐很不滿意

They're talking about love and compassion and wisdom and enlightenment,

他說,"我對這一切覺得很感冒,沒有一個人真正實踐佛教的教義

but they are acting selfish and pathetic.

他們都說要有愛,要有同理心,要有智慧,然後有了這些他們就會明白一切,而不在會受到任何磨難

So, Buddha's teaching has lost its momentum.

但他們實際表現出來的卻是自私以及令人可悲

I know the next Buddha will come a few thousand years from now,

所以佛祖的教導已經失去了他的原意

but exists currently in a certain heaven" -- that's Maitreya --

我知道下一個佛祖的誕生需要等待數千年

"so, I'm going to go on a retreat and I'm going to meditate

但是現在其實存在一個天堂,他就是彌勒菩提

and pray until the Buddha Maitreya reveals himself to me,

所以我想要繼續修行,我要去打坐

and gives me a teaching or something

和祈禱, 直到佛祖彌勒接納我為止

to revive the practice of compassion in the world today."

並且給我指導

So he went on this retreat. And he meditated for three years

讓世間重生,讓每個人都有同理心

and he did not see the future Buddha Maitreya.

所以他去修行,閉關了三年

And he left in disgust.

但是他沒有看到彌勒菩提

And as he was leaving, he saw a man --

然後他很厭煩的離開

a funny little man sitting sort of part way down the mountain.

當他離開的時候,他看到一個人

And he had a lump of iron.

一個矮矮的人看起來很可笑,坐在山下

And he was rubbing it with a cloth.

他有一塊鐵塊

And he became interested in that.

他正在用他的衣服摩擦他的鐵塊

He said, "Well what are you doing?"

而Asaga對這件事情感到有興趣

And the man said, "I'm making a needle."

他對那小矮人說,"你在做什麼?"

And he said, "That's ridiculous. You can't make a needle

那個人說,"我正在做一根細針"

by rubbing a lump of iron with a cloth."

接著他說,"那是不能的事,你不能用衣服

And the man said, "Really?" And he showed him a dish full of needles.

摩擦一塊鐵讓他變成一根細針"

So he said, "Okay, I get the point."

小矮人說,"怎麼不可能",接著他展示給他看他身上有的針

He went back to his cave. He meditated again.

接著他說, "好吧,我知道了"

Another three years, no vision. He leaves again.

然後他就回去他的洞穴,繼續他的修行

This time, he comes down.

又三年過去了,他還是沒辦法體悟出道理,他又再次離開了

And as he's leaving, he sees a bird making a nest on a cliff ledge.

這次,他下山

And where it's landing to bring the twigs to the cliff,

正在他離開的時候,他看到一隻鳥正在懸崖邊做一個鳥巢

its feathers brushes the rock -- and it had cut the rock

鳥把接來的小嫩枝帶來了懸崖邊

six to eight inches in. There was a cleft in the rock

鳥翅膀的羽毛拍打的岩石,並且把岩石切出了一條縫

by the brushing of the feathers of generations of the birds.

有六到八英吋的裂痕

So he said, "All right. I get the point." He went back.

是鳥身上的羽毛所拍打出來的,而且世世代代的鳥都是這樣做

Another three years.

他感動不已,他說"好吧,我知道了",他又回去了修行

Again, no vision of Maitreya after nine years.

又過了三年

And he again leaves, and this time: water dripping,

他還是沒有看到彌勒菩提,這已經是九年了

making a giant bowl in the rock where it drips in a stream.

所以他又離開了一次,這一次水濕淋淋的

And so, again, he goes back. And after 12 years there is still no vision.

用滴水在岩石中做了一個很大的碗公

And he's freaked out. And he won't even look left or right

他似乎領悟出什麼,所以他又回去了,然後過了十二年,他還是沒有看到彌勒菩提

to see any encouraging vision.

然後他的舉動變得怪異,他連左看又看的想法都沒有

And he comes to the town. He's a broken person.

所以根本沒辦法看到任何有激勵人心的看法

And there, in the town, he's approached by a dog

接著他就來到了城鎮,他已經完全是一個落魄的人

who comes like this -- one of these terrible dogs you can see in some poor countries,

就在那裡,他遇到了一隻狗

even in America, I think, in some areas --

就像一般在很窮很窮的國家裡你會看到的可憐狗

and he's looking just terrible.

即使在美國你也可能在某些地方看到

And he becomes interested in this dog because it's so pathetic,

那隻狗看起來實在有夠可憐的

and it's trying to attract his attention. And he sits down looking at the dog.

接著他對那隻狗感到興趣,因為它看起來太悲慘了

And the dog's whole hindquarters are a complete open sore.

而且狗正想要引起他的注意.於是他坐下來看著那隻狗

Some of it is like gangrenous,

那隻狗的四隻腳都得了皮膚炎

and there are maggots in the flesh. And it's terrible.

有些部分看起來生了壞疽的

He thinks, "What can I do to fix up this dog?

而且看起來有蛆在他的皮膚上爬,真是有夠可憐的

Well, at least I can clean this wound and wash it."

他想,"我該怎麼就這隻狗呢?"

So, he takes it to some water. He's about to clean,

恩,我想我至少可以讓他洗個澡

but then his awareness focuses on the maggots.

所以他就去弄了一些水,當他正要開始幫狗洗澡的時候

And he sees the maggots, and the maggots are kind of looking a little cute.

他的注意力轉移到那些蛆的身上

And they're maggoting happily in the dog's hindquarters there.

當他看著蛆的時候,他發現那些蛆也變得可愛起來

"Well, if I clean the dog, I'll kill the maggots. So how can that be?

那些蛆很快樂的在狗的四隻上面爬來扒去

That's it. I'm a useless person and there's no Buddha, no Maitreya,

他想"如我把狗洗澡喜乾淨了,那這些蛆都會被我殺掉,那怎麼可以呢?"

and everything is all hopeless.

恩好吧,就這樣好了,我是個沒用的人,而且我也沒辦法看到佛祖,看到彌勒菩提

And now I'm going to kill the maggots?"

然後所有的東西都沒有希望了

So, he had a brilliant idea.

所以我只能落魄到殺這些蛆?這怎麼可以呢!!

And he took a shard of something, and cut a piece of flesh from his thigh,

於是他想到一個很好的辦法

and he placed it on ground.

他拿了一塊間間的東西,並且從他的身上刮了一層皮下來

He was not really thinking too carefully about the ASPCA.

接著他把這個東西放在地上

He was just immediately caught with the situation.

他其實沒有很認真的想想破傷風的問題...(這時在該注意的!)

So he thought, "I will take the maggots and put them on this piece of flesh,

他只是在那個當下想到了這個辦法

then clean the dog's wounds, and then

他想,"我會把蛆放到那塊東西上"

I'll figure out what to do with the maggots."

然後再來就可以把狗洗乾淨了,也不會把蛆給殺掉

So he starts to do that. He can't grab the maggots.

我想到可以救蛆的方法,

Apparently they wriggle around. They're kind of hard to grab, these maggots.

當他開始做的時候,他沒辦法把蛆抓起來

So he says, "Well, I'll put my tongue on the dog's flesh.

那些蛆很明顯的蠕動所以很難抓

And then the maggots will jump on my warmer tongue" --

於是他說,"好吧,我把我的舌頭靠近狗的皮膚

the dog is kind of used up --

然後那些蛆就可以跳到我溫暖的舌頭上

"and then I'll spit them one by one down on the thing."

那狗也不會有區了

So he goes down, and he's sticking his tongue out like this.

然後我再把那些蛆一個一個分開就下來

And he had to close his eyes, it's so disgusting, and the smell and everything.

所以他就蹲下去,把舌頭身出來

And then, suddenly, there's a pfft, a noise like that.

當他靠近的時候他比需把他的眼睛閉起來,因為一切實在太噁心了!

He jumps back and there, of course, is the future Buddha Maitreya

然後,突然間他發現有一陣噪音出現了

in a beautiful vision -- rainbow lights, golden, jeweled, a plasma body,

他往後退了三步, 沒錯,彌勒菩堤出現了

an exquisite mystic vision -- that he sees.

這個景象實在太美了,就像彩虹的亮光,金黃色的,像珠寶一樣的顏色,

And he says, "Oh." He bows.

那精巧的身體,他終於看到了

But, being human, he's immediately thinking of his next complaint.

然後他大叫了一聲,"挖啊"

So as he comes up from his first bow he says,

但是身為人,他還是抱怨了一下

"My Lord, I'm so happy to see you, but where have you been for 12 years?

所以他到了他的面前

What is this?"

我的天阿,我很高興見到你,但是你過去的十二年跑去哪裡了?

And Maitreya says, "I was with you. Who do you think was making needles

這是什麼?

and making nests and dripping on rocks for you, mister dense?"

彌勒菩提說," 我一直在你旁邊,你知道是誰在那邊做細針的嗎

(Laughter)

做鳥巢的, 把落石往你身邊丟的?

"Looking for the Buddha in person," he said.

哈哈哈

And he said, "You didn't have, until this moment, real compassion.

"對於一個尋找佛祖的人"他說

And, until you have real compassion, you cannot recognize love."

他說,"你過去都沒有同理心,直到這一個時刻,你才擁有真正的同理心

"Maitreya" means love, "the loving one," in Sanskrit.

你不會意識到什麼是真正的愛,直到你擁有真正的同理心

And so he looked very dubious, Asanga did.

彌勒菩提代表的是愛,唯一的愛

And he said, "If you don't believe me, just take me with you."

接著他看起來非常的懷疑

And so he took the Maitreya -- it shrunk into a globe, a ball --

Asanga接著說"如果你不相信我,那你把我帶在身邊"

took him on his shoulder.

彌勒菩提變成了一顆球,於是他就把彌勒菩提帶著

And he ran into town in the marketplace, and he said, "Rejoice! Rejoice!

放在肩膀上

The future Buddha has come ahead of all predictions. Here he is."

接著他回到城市的市場上,他說太棒了

And then pretty soon they started throwing rocks and stones at him --

未來的佛祖來到這邊,他就在這邊

it wasn't Chautauqua, it was some other town --

接著群眾開始朝著他丟石頭

because they saw a demented looking, scrawny looking yogi man,

這裡不是Chautauqua, 這是別的城鎮

like some kind of hippie, with a bleeding leg and a rotten dog on his shoulder,

因為群眾看到了一個看起來瘋狂,又骨瘦如柴

shouting that the future Buddha had come.

有點像是嬉皮,腿留著血的一個人,還有一隻發臭的狗,放在他肩上

So, naturally, they chased him out of town.

大叫著未來的佛祖在這邊

But on the edge of town, one elderly lady, a charwoman in the charnel ground,

所以很自然的

saw a jeweled foot on a jeweled lotus on his shoulder and then the dog,

但是就在城鎮的邊緣,一位老老的女人,站在埋葬場所

but she saw the jewel foot of the Maitreya, and she offered a flower.

看到了有珠寶光的光輝的蓮花,佈滿了他的肩膀接著狗也佈滿了

So that encouraged him, and he went with Maitreya.

她看到了彌勒菩提珠寶光的腳,並且她送給他一朵花

Maitreya then took him to a certain heaven,

這鼓勵了他,讓他可以跟隨彌勒菩提

which is the typical way a Buddhist myth unfolds.

彌勒菩提接著把他帶到了天堂

And Maitreya then kept him in heaven for five years,

在那邊佛祖的秘密被揭開了

dictating to him five complicated tomes

彌勒菩提讓他留在天堂流了五年的時間

of the methodology of how you cultivate compassion.

口述了五本大本的書

And then I thought I would share with you what that method is, or one of them.

跟他講述了要怎麼樣去培養同理心

A famous one, it's called the "Sevenfold Causal Method of Developing Compassion."

於是"演講者說" 我想要把這些方法與你們分享,第一個

And it begins first by one meditating and visualizing that all beings are with one --

最有名的," 七個因果的方法來培養同理心

even animals too, but everyone is in human form.

最一開始,把所有的生靈都當作只有一個個體

The animals are in one of their human lives. The humans are human.

除了人以外,即使是動物也把它們這樣看

And then, among them, you think of your friends and loved ones, the circle at the table.

把動物看成它們有人類般的生命

And you think of your enemies, and you think of the neutral ones.

然後,在這裡面, 你把你的朋友們,你喜歡的人都聚集在一起

And then you try to say, "Well, the loved ones I love.

想想你的敵人,想想那些處在中立地位的

But, you know, after all, they're nice to me.

然後你試著說,"好吧,我只愛我愛的

I had fights with them. Sometimes they were unfriendly.

不過你知道的,畢竟他們對我都很好

I got mad. Brothers can fight. Parents and children can fight.

我曾經跟他們吵架,他們有時候對我不友善

So, in a way, I like them so much because they're nice to me.

我會生氣,兄弟會吵架,父母和小孩也會吵架

While the neutral ones I don't know. They could all be just fine.

所以,某方面,我喜歡他們,因為他們對我很好

And then the enemies I don't like because they're mean to me.

而對於中立的人來說,我是不知道,他們可能都很好

But they are nice to somebody. I could be them."

接著擴展到敵人,我不喜歡敵人,因為它們對我很不好

And then the Buddhists, of course, think that, because we've all had infinite previous lives,

但是他們對其他人好,我可以變成那些其他人

we've all been each other's relatives, actually.

接著對佛祖來說,那是單然的想法,因為我們也無限的前世

Therefore all of you, in the Buddhist view,

佛祖相信我們和其他人都有一些實際的關係

in some previous life, although you don't remember it and neither do I,

因此每一個人,在佛祖的眼裡

have been my mother -- for which I do apologize for the trouble I caused you.

雖然你不記得前世,但是在前世裡

And also, actually, I've been your mother.

你曾經是我的媽媽,我對我曾經造成你的麻煩感到抱歉

I've been female, and I've been every single one of yours' mother in a previous life,

並且實際上,我當過你的媽媽

the way the Buddhists reflect.

我的前世是個女人,並且我曾經是一個媽媽

So, my mother in this life is really great. But all of you in a way

這就是佛祖的想法

are part of the eternal mother.

所以我的媽媽在這樣一個想法理事非常偉大的,其實你們也都是這樣

You gave me that expression; "the eternal mama," you said. That's wonderful.

在某一部份裡是一個永恆的媽媽

So, that's the way the Buddhists do it.

你給我了這樣的稱謂,一個永恆的媽媽,然後你就會說,那真是太棒了

A theist Christian can think that all beings, even my enemies, are God's children.

那就是佛祖所做的事情

So, in that sense, we're related.

對於有神論者,基督徒,可以想所有的人,甚至是我的敵人,都是上帝的孩子

So, they first create this foundation of equality.

用這樣的想法,我們實際上都是相關

So, we sort of reduce a little of the clinging to the ones we love --

所以這建立了所謂的平等

just in the meditation -- and we open our mind to those we don't know.

所以我們在某種程度上減輕了我們對某些人的愛

And we definitely reduce the hostility and the "I don't want to be compassionate to them"

這只是一種妥協,也因為如此我們把自己的心靈打開,給那些我們不知道的人

to the ones we think of as the bad guys, the ones we hate and we don't like.

我們明確地減少我們的敵意把"我不要把同理心給那些壞人"

And we don't hate anyone, therefore. So we equalize. That's very important.

那些我們認為是壞人的人,以及我們討厭不喜歡的人

And then the next thing we do is what is called "mother recognition."

因為我們不在討厭任何人,所以我們同化了這些,這是非常重要的一部份

And that is, we think of every being as familiar, as family.

接著下一件事情,叫做認識我們的母親

We expand. We take the feeling about remembering a mama,

那就是把每個人都當作我們的家人

and we defuse that to all beings in this meditation.

我們把這個感覺向外擴展,我們把回憶母親的美好這種感覺

And we see the mother in every being.

並也把這個想法散佈給大家,在一種沈思的狀況下

We see that look that the mother has on her face,

然後我們就可以把每個人當作母親來看

looking at this child that is a miracle

這種感覺就像我們看母親慈祥的臉

that she has produced from her own body, being a mammal,

看著他的小孩,這就像是一種奇蹟一樣

where she has true compassion, truly is the other, and identifies completely.

作為一個人,那種表現是非常自然的

Often the life of that other will be more important to her than her own life.

那就是最真實的同理心,可以被完完全全的表現出來

And that's why it's the most powerful form of altruism.

把別人的生命看的比她自己的還重要一樣