Name: 【TED】豪特・加西亞: 我們訓練士兵做戰，也要訓練他們回家。 (We train soldiers for war. Let's train them to come home, too | Hector Garcia)
Uploaded: 2017-04-09T22:00:00.000Z
Duration: 10 min 32 s

who volunteered for three tours and got shot up in every one.

他自願參與了三次戰役， 每次戰役他都受了槍傷。

在1971年，他因身體上的問題退役了。

because he had so much shrapnel in his body

For the next 42 years, he suffered from nightmares,

在接下來的42年當中，他惡夢連連，

Carlos had post-traumatic stress disorder.

卡洛斯患有創傷後壓力症候群（PTSD）。

Now, I became a psychologist to help mitigate human suffering,

現在，我成為一名幫助人們 減輕痛苦的心理學家，

and for the past 10 years, my target has been the suffering caused by PTSD,

在過去的10年，我專注在 像卡洛斯這樣受PTSD所苦的退伍軍人

Until recently, the science of PTSD just wasn't there.

直到最近，有關PTSD的科學研究還不是很多，

因此，我們並不知道應該怎樣做。

我們讓一部分退伍軍人大量服藥。

Others we hospitalized and gave generic group therapy,

另一部分則讓他們住院觀察， 進行一般性的團體治療，

"Just go home and try to forget about your experiences."

「回家吧，嘗試著去忘掉你的過去。」

More recently, we've tried therapy dogs, wilderness retreats --

最近，我們還嘗試用治療犬、野外療養——

many things which may temporarily relieve stress,

很多能夠短期減緩壓力的方式，

but which don't actually eliminate PTSD symptoms over the long term.

And I am here to tell you that we can now eliminate PTSD,

我今天來是想告訴各位， 我們已經可以徹底根除PTSD了，

而且可以運用在大量的退伍軍人身上。

Because new scientific research has been able to show,

which treatments actually get rid of symptoms and which do not.

哪些治療可以消除症狀，而哪些不行。

the best treatments for PTSD use many of the very same training principles

that the military uses in preparing its trainees for war.

與軍隊訓練士兵備戰的準則 有幾分相似。

We humans have been making war since before we were even fully human.

我們人類一直都在製造戰爭， 甚至在我們還沒成為人類之前就開始了。

And since then, we have gone from using stone and sinew

最那之後，我們從使用石頭、肌腱、

to developing the most sophisticated and devastating weapon systems imaginable.

到發展你能想像到的最覆雜、 最具毀滅性的武器系統。

And to enable our warriors to use these weapons,

且為了使我們的戰士 能夠使用這些武器

we employ the most cutting-edge training methods.

我們會用最先進的訓練方式訓練他們。

And we are good at training our warriors to fight.

我們善於鍛鍊我們的士兵去作戰。

Yet, when we consider the experience of the modern-day combat veteran,

但是，當我們思考現代戰爭老兵的經歷時，

we begin to see that we have not been as good

我們在協助老兵回家這件事上並不擅長。

Well, our ancestors lived immersed in conflict,

他們會在他們生活的地方進行戰鬥。

So until only very recently in our evolutionary history,

there was hardly a need to learn how to come home from war,

人類是沒有學習如何回家的需求的，

most of humanity lives in far more peaceful societies,

大多數人都居住在相當和平的社會中，

and when there is conflict, we, especially in the United States,

當衝突發生時，特別是我們美國人，

now have the technology to put our warriors through advanced training,

我們有先進的科技可以訓練士兵，

drop them in to fight anywhere on the globe

But just imagine for a moment what this must feel like.

但是讓我們想象一下這種感受。

我和那些退伍戰士聊過， 他們告訴我，

that one day they're in a brutal firefight in Afghanistan

當你有一天身處阿富汗殘暴的戰火之中，

and just three days later, they found themselves

只要三天的時間，他們就會發現

toting an ice chest to their kid's soccer game.

他們竟在孩子的足球比賽中 找冰櫃當掩護。

「腦袋作怪」是他們最常使用的詞匯。

It's the most common term I've heard to describe that experience.

這是我最常聽到 用於描述那種經歷的術語。

Because while our warriors spend countless hours training for war,

因為我們花大量的時間讓士兵備戰，

that many require training on how to return to civilian life.

他們也需要被訓練學習 如何回歸平民生活。

Now, like any training, the best PTSD treatments require repetition.

如同任何訓練一樣，最佳的 PTSD治療方式也需要重複進行。

we don't simply hand trainees Mark-19 automatic grenade launchers

我們不會丟一把 Mark-19自動榴彈槍給新兵，

and say, "Here's the trigger, here's some ammo and good luck."

然後跟他說，「這裏是扳機， 還有一些彈藥，祝你好運。」

No. We train them, on the range and in specific contexts,

不，我們會在不同的領域 及特定背景中訓練他們，

until lifting their weapon and engaging their target

直到他們拿起武器，瞄準目標的行為，

深深地刻在肌肉的記憶體當中，

that it can be performed without even thinking,

即使在任何你想像的到的緊張時刻，

even under the most stressful conditions you can imagine.

這一系列行為也能夠 不經思索的被執行出來。

Now, the same holds for training-based treatments.

這些也同樣適用於以訓練為基礎的治療上。

The first of these treatments is cognitive therapy,

and this is a kind of mental recalibration.

這是一種「精神重新修正」的療程。

their way of mentally framing the world is calibrated

to an immensely more dangerous environment.

造成他們對世界的認知方式有誤。

So when you try to overlay that mind frame onto a peacetime environment,

所以當你試圖將和平環境 覆蓋掉他的認知時，

You begin drowning in worries about dangers that aren't present.

你會煩惱沈浸在一種不存在的危險當中。

You begin not trusting family or friends.

Which is not to say there are no dangers in civilian life; there are.

我並不是說平民生活中就沒有危險；還是有。

It's just that the probability of encountering them

So we never advise veterans to turn off caution completely.

所以我們從不建議退伍軍人 徹底關閉他們的警惕性。

We do train them, however, to adjust caution

而是訓練他們，根據所處的環境，

If you find yourself in a bad neighborhood,

如果你發現身處在惡劣的環境中，

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【TED】豪特・加西亞: 我們訓練士兵做戰，也要訓練他們回家。 (We train soldiers for war. Let's train them to come home, too | Hector Garcia)

anxiety

mental

engage

eliminate